Automated Greenhouse Monitoring And Control System.pdf o2v1b

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VSRD-IJEECE, Vol. 2 (6), 2012, 337-345

R RE ES SE EA AR RC CH H C CO OM MM MU UN NIIC CA AT TIIO ON N

Green House Monitor and Control Using Wireless System Network 1

Manish Mittal*, 2Gaurav Tripathi, 3Deepa Chauhan and 4Atul Agarwal

ABSTRACT The hardware design is an embedded system which will closely monitor and control the climate parameters: humidity, temperature, soil moisture, light of a greenhouse on a regular basis round the clock for cultivation of crops or specific plant species which could maximize their production. The system comprises of sensor, ADC, microcontroller and actuators. When any of the above mentioned climatic parameters cross a safety threshold which has to be maintained to protect the crops, the sensors sense the change and the microcontroller reads this from the data at its input ports after being converted to a digital form by the ADC. The microcontroller then performs the needed actions by employing relays until the strayed-out parameter has been brought back to its optimum level. A microcontroller is used as the heart of the system; it makes the set-up low-cost and effective nevertheless. The program implements the Control Algorithms, sending control signals to the smart sensors in order to reach the desired conditions. As the system also employs an LCD display for continuously alerting the about the condition inside the greenhouse, the entire set-up becomes friendly. Keywords : WSN, Embedded System, MCU.

1. INTRODUCTION Many research and projects have been done in order to improve the conditions and cultivation of crops under greenhouse. Often it is necessary to develop a control system to implement these studies. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have recently received a lot of attention in research community because of their continuous advancement. A greenhouse is a structure with different types of covering materials, like glass or plastic roof and frequently glass or plastic walls; it heats up because incoming visible solar radiation from the sun is absorbed by plants, soil, and other things inside the building. Glass is transparent to this radiation. The warmed structures and plants inside the greenhouse re-radiate this energy in the infra-red, to which glass is partly opaque, and that energy is trapped inside the glasshouse. Although there is some heat loss due to conduction, ____________________________ 1,2,3,4

Research Scholar, Department of Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering, Galgotia College of Engineering & Technology, G.Noida, Uttar Pradesh, INDIA. *Correspondence : [email protected]

Manish Mittal et al / VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics & Comm. Engg. Vol. 2 (6), 2012

there is a net increase in energy (and therefore temperature) inside the greenhouse. Air warmed by the heat from hot interior surfaces is retained in the building by the roof and wall. These structures range in size from small sheds to very large buildings. The greenhouses are filled with equipment like screening installations, heating, cooling, and lighting and may be automatically controlled.

2. DESIGN OF GREENHOUSE CONTROL & MONITOR An embedded system is designed based on measuring of parameters like humidity, temperature, soil moisture, light intensity using a MCU AT89S52 which we can display using a LCD display. Design part consists of hardware and software.

2.1.Hardware Description To design hardware for green house monitoring various sensors are used to control the environment. The parameters like green house temperature, humidity, light intensity for green house and soil wetness for crop growth. The green House monitoring system consists of sensor circuits, AT89S52 microcontroller, LCD module to display the parameters, ADC and DAC, receiver and transmitter, and a required power supply unit. The output of the sensors are given has input to the micro controller to control, display the parameters and update the owner. Any parameter changing with set parameter for green house systems, the micro controller will read and stores periodically.

Fig. 1 : Schematic Showing the Green House Monitoring

2.2. Software Description The software includes the reading of various measurements from sensors, converting analog to digital values, displaying in the LCD module and updating the by sending the message for monitoring the green house The microcontroller AT89S52 is used to do the A/D conversions, display the parameters and updating the .

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3. AT89S52 MICROCONTROLLER The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit U with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency. The microcontroller used in the green house monitoring system is AT89S52. It is used to read the various parameters and holds the monitoring program. It receives the analog voltage signal coming from the sensors. After the conversion into digital signal it checks weather the sensed data is in the set parameters. If the data does not comes under the set parameters the microcontroller and shows the data on LCD screen. The various parameters reading program, A/D conversion program and sending SMS program is done in assembly language.

Fig. 2 : AT89S52 Microcontroller

4. SENSORS 4.1. Temperature Sensor National Semiconductor’s LM35 IC has been used for sensing the temperature. It is an integrated circuit sensor that can be used to measure temperature with an electrical output proportional to the temperature (in °C). The temperature can be measured more accurately with it than using a thermistor. The sensor circuitry is sealed and not subject to oxidation, etc. The converter provides accurately linear and directly proportional output signal in millivolts over the temperature range of 0°C to 155°C. It develops an output voltage of 10 mV per degree centigrade change in the ambient temperature. Therefore the output voltage varies from 0 mV at 0°C to 1V at 100°C and any voltage measurement circuit connected across the output pins can read the temperature directly.

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Fig. 3 : Schematic for Temperature Sensor

4.2. Humidity Sensor The humidity sensor HIH4000, manufactured by Honeywell is used for sensing the humidity. It delivers instrumentation quality RH (Relative Humidity) sensing performance in a low cost, solderable SIP (Single Inline Package). Relative humidity is a measure, in percentage of the vapour in the air compared to the total amount of vapour that could be held in the air at a given temperature. The sensor develops a linear voltage vs. RH output that is ratio metric to the supply voltage. That is, when the supply voltage varies, the sensor output voltage follows in the same proportion. It can operate over a 4-5.8 supply voltage range. At 5V supply voltage, and room temperature, the output voltage ranges from 0.8 to 3.9V as the humidity varies from 0% to 100%. The voltage is converted to the digital form by the ADC and then sent as input to the microcontroller which reads the data.

Fig. 4 : Schematic for Humidity Sensor

4.3. Soil Moisture A simple humidity sensor (a humidity probe) can be constructed using two copper strips placed as close as possible to each other, but no touching. A simple humidity sensor (a humidity probe) can be constructed using two copper strips placed as close as possible to each other, but no touching. This sensor is based on the fact that water is not pure water which is non conductor, but it is impure which is slightly conductor. Water sensor is nothing but a series of very close PCB tracks. In normal mode these tracks are not conducting, but when some

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water fall on these tracks these line slightly start conducting and some positive voltage is available at the base of transistor So NPN transistor is on and NPN transistor provide a negative voltage as a pulse to the microcontroller.

Fig. 5 : Schematic for Soil Wet Sensor

4.4. Light Intensity Sensor A simple light intensity sensor can be constructed using light depended resistance (LDR). This simple circuit can be used to make your simple light intensity detector. The LDR light sensor is used to sense intensity of light. In the light sensor we use IC LM358 as a main component. Pin no 8 is connected to the positive supply. Pin no 4 is connected to the negative voltage. One capacitor is grounded from the pin no 3 for noise cancellation. Output is available on the pin no 1. Sensor is connected to the pin no 3. In case of high intensity of light LDR is all most shorted so LM 358 gives 5v as soon as light intensity decreases voltage output of LM358 decreases up to 0v. The voltage is inputted to the transistor. By selecting value of variable resister we can activate transistor at required intensity of light to drive microcontroller by supplying negative pulse.

Fig. 6 : Schematic for Light Intensity Sensor

5. LCD DISPLAY The display section consists of 16*2 LCD, which used to display Summary of IC being Inserted and result of

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test being conducted. LCDs can add a lot to your application in of providing a useful interface for the , debugging an application or just giving it a "professional" look. The most common type of LCD controller is the Hitachi 44780 which provides a relatively simple interface between a processor and an LCD. The LCD interface is a parallel bus, allowing simple and fast reading/writing of data to and from the LCD. This waveform will write an ASCII Byte out to the LCD's screen. The ASCII code to be displayed is eight bits long and is sent to the LCD either four or eight bits at a time. If four bit mode is used, two "nibbles" of data (Sent high four bits and then low four bits with an "E" Clock pulse with each nibble) are sent to make up a full eight bit transfer. The "E" Clock is used to initiate the data transfer.

Fig. 7 : LCD

6. ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERTER The ADC0809 data acquisition component is a monolithic CMOS device with an 8-bit analog -to- digital converter, 8-channel multiplexer and microprocessor compatible control logic. The 8-bit A/D converter uses successive approximation as the conversion technique. The converter features a high impedance chopper stabilized comparator, a 256R voltage divider with analog switch tree and a successive approximation . The 8 channel multiplexer can directly access any of 8-single-ended analog signals. The clock for the ADC is generated using the IC 4083, which is a 2-input Schmitt triggered NAND gate. A Schmitt trigger is a comparator circuit that incorporates positive . The Control pin is pulled high and the capacitor charges and discharges producing alternate patterns of 0’s and 1, generating a square waveform. When the input is higher than a certain chosen threshold, the output is high; when the input is below another (lower) chosen threshold, the output is low; when the input is between the two, the output retains its value.

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Fig. 8 : ADC Circuitry

7. IMPLEMENTATION OF GREEN HOUSE MONITORING SYSTEMS 7.1. Software Implementation In the software implementation part we had develop assembly code for measuring temperature, water pH value, humidity, soil wetness, light intensity, display the parameters in LCD module, serial communication and to send message to mobile receiver.

7.2. Hardware Implementation In the hardware implementation part we had assembled, soldered the required components in general purpose printed circuit board and made connection. We could provide a power supply of +5V DC for Micro controller, +12V DC for sensor circuits. Finally we had made connection of temperature sensor circuit, pH measure sensor circuit, humidity sensor circuit; soil wet sensor circuit, light intensity sensor circuit, GSM modem thru serial communication cable to the AT89S52 micro controller.

Fig. 9 : Complete Hardware

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Fig. 10 : Transmitter and Receiver

8. RESULTS After the feasible results obtained from the simulation, real time implementation of the green house monitoring program is done. A hardware kit has been developed and put it on the green house environment. The kit consists of a power supply unit, various sensors, microcontroller and an ADC. The output from the sensors is continuously given to the microcontroller. Simultaneously the display is reading in LCD module. In the real application the entire kit it is fixed on the green house system. When the parameters like temperature, pH, humidity, soil wetness and light intensity are varied from set parameters, which is continuously monitored and updated in the mobile receiver.

9. CONCLUSION A step-by-step approach in deg the microcontroller based system for measurement and control of the four essential parameters for plant growth, i.e. temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity, has been followed. The results obtained from the measurement have shown that the system performance is quite reliable and accurate. The system has successfully overcome quite a few shortcomings of the existing systems by reducing the power consumption, maintenance and complexity, at the same time providing a flexible and precise form of maintaining the environment. The continuously decreasing costs of hardware and software, the wider acceptance of electronic systems in agriculture, and an emerging agricultural control system industry in several areas of agricultural production, will result in reliable control systems that will address several aspects of quality and quantity of production. Further improvements will be made as less expensive and more reliable sensors are developed for use in agricultural production. Although the enhancements mentioned in the previous chapter may seem far in the future, the required technology and components are available, many such systems have been independently developed, or are at least tested at a prototype level. Also, integration of all these technologies is not a daunting task and can be successfully carried out.

10. REFERENCES [1] Ning Wang, Naiqian Zhang, Maohua Wang, ―Wireless sensors in agriculture and food industry—Recent development and future perspective‖ Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, Volume50,Issue1, January2006, Pages1-14 [2] Beom Jin Kang; Dae Heon Park; Kyung Ryung Cho; Chang Sun Shin; Sung Eon Cho; Jang Woo Park; ‖A

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Study on the Greenhouse Auto Control System Based on Wireless Sensor Network‖ Security Technology, 2008. SECTECH '08. International Conference on Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/SecTech.2008.60 Publication Year: 2008 , Page(s): 41 – 44, IEEE CONFERENCES [3] Hashim, U.; Haron, M.N ―Design of digital display system for ISFET pH sensor by using PIC microcontroller Unit (MCU)‖ Quality Electronic Design, 2009. ASQED 2009. 1st Asia Symposium on Digital Object dentifier: 10.1109/ASQED.2009.5206281 Publication Year: 2009, Page(s): 148 – 152 IEEE CONFERENCES [4] Hongbo Sun; Tan, D.K.P.; Yilong Lu; ―Aircraft target measurements using A GSM-based ive radar‖ Radar Conference, 2008. RADAR '08. IEEE Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/RADAR.2008.4721053 Publication Year: 2008 , Page(s): 1 – 6 IEEE CONFERENCES [5] Jifeng Ding; Jiyin Zhao; Biao Ma; ―Remote Monitoring System of Temperature and Humidity Based on GSM‖ Image and Signal Processing, 2009. CISP '09. 2nd International Congress on Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/CISP.2009.5304519 Publication Year: 2009 , Page(s): 1 – 4 IEEE CONFERENCES [6] Yan Hongwei; Pan Hongxia; ―Remote data monitoring system design based on GSM short message service‖ Industrial Electronics [7] Stipanicev D., Marasovic J., Networked embedded greenhouse monitoring and control, Proceedings of 2003 IEEE Conference on Control Applications, June 2003. [8] Turnell, D.J. de Fatima, Q.V., Turnell, M., Deep, G.S., Freire, R.C.S., FarmWeb-an integrated, modular farm automation system, Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Vol. 2, Oct. 1998.

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