Whiplash Abstract 1j3y3d

WHIPLASH PROTECTION SYSTEM ABSTRACT During recent years the main focus in whiplash research has been on rear-end impacts. Rear-end impacts have the largest risk of whiplash injury and therefore much effort is being spent on decreasing this injury risk. The total number of frontal whiplash cases may be higher, despite the smaller risk. Therefore, it is clear that also in frontal impact there is a need for improvement of whiplash protection. In the first European Whiplash project the rear impact loading phase was the main focus. The research at the time was mainly limited to the loading phase of rear impact, since most of the proposed injury mechanisms assume whiplash to occur in the loading phase. On the other hand, some of the mechanisms of whiplash injury are suggested to originate from the rebound phase of rear impact. The rebound phase involves neck flexion, as in frontal impact. Therefore, the current research aims at reducing whiplash in frontal and oblique impact and studies the rear-end rebound phase. In the end a test method will be proposed for evaluation of seats and restraint systems with respect to their whiplash protection. In this evaluation stage also a dummy is needed in order to assess the protection of a system. Part of the current project is to recommend on a dummy design that can be used for this purpose. Resulting from the findings in this concept, design guidelines for safer seat and restraint system design will be proposed. Whiplash is a relatively common injury that occurs to a person's neck following a sudden acceleration-deceleration force, most commonly from motor vehicle accidents. Whiplash-a soft tissue injury to the neck-is also called neck sprain or neck strain. It is characterized by a collection of symptoms that occur following damage to the neck, usually because of sudden extension and flexion. Hyperextension injury to the neck, often the result of being struck from behind, as by a fast moving vehicle in a car accident. Whiplash is a term used most often to describe the symptoms resulting from a car accident.

Introduction: The system was introduced in Volvo in the year 1999 in Volvo s80. It was done to protect from whiplash injuries. Whiplash protection system is installed on a seat. It is designed in such a way that if there is a rear impact, the neck of the occupant can be protected. As the occupant moves, the seat also moves with it. The head remains rigid to the neck. Every seat which is equipped with WHIPS has a metal piece which is kept inside the backrest. If rear collision occurs, this metal piece can absorb the energy. After every event the metal piece is replaced. There is a virtual pivot which is present at the base of the seat which absorbs the main energy. The seat moves rearward to absorb energy. The study shows that with the introduction of WHIPS, the short term injuries have reduced by 33 percent. The long term injuries have been reduced by 54 percent. In many Japanese and European vehicles, you can find front seat technology. In many testing programs, whiplash protection has been included. It was included by Euro NCAP 5 in their testing in the year 2009. Seat designs and head restraint are rated by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Whiplash Protection System (WHIPS) is designed to help protect occupants in the event of a rear-end collision. It can be concluded that seats aimed at preventing whiplash injuries in general also lower the risk in real-life crashes. Furthermore it can be concluded that results from existing consumer crash test programs for whiplash correlate with real life injury outcome. WHIPS equipped seat, the entire backrest is designed to help protect the front occupant's neck in a case of a rear impact. WHIPS equipped seats have a piece of metal inside the backrest that absorbs energy in case of rear end collision, reclining the headrest a few centimeters. The metal piece should be replaced later. Used in Volvo vehicles since 1994. The seat, which has new design concept for reduction in whiplash injuries,

allows less motion between head and torso in the modified dummy sled tests, and also allows less motion in volunteer sled tests. Moreover there is less movement between each cervical vertebra. Cars fitted with advanced whiplash protection systems had 50% lower risk of whiplash injuries leading to long-term symptoms compared with standard seats launched after 1997.

Whiplash Protection System It is the type of protection system that had been implemented in the front seats of the four wheel vehicle in order to avoid the neck injury.

The WHIPS seat provides improved spinal by virtue of its modified backrest characteristics and close proximity of the head restraint's position to the occupant's head. WHIPS utilizes a specially designed hinge mount that attaches the back rest to the seat bottom.

CONCLUSION The aim of this seminar is to develop an anti-whiplash car seat. The design was based on the idea that the extent of whiplash injury can be reduced by controlling the differential motion of the head .The initial idea was to develop a car seat with an active head restraint to control the motion of the head and neck. The reason for this is that during a rear impact, the torso loads the seatback and causes it to rotate rearward and hence forces the fixed head restraint away from the head. This allows the head to translate and rotate further than expected

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