The List Of Stylistic Devices 605g4e

The list of stylistic devices 1. Epithet (Greek - "addition") is a stylistic device emphasizing some quality of a person, thing, idea or phenomenon. Its function is to reveal the evaluating subjective attitude of the writer towards the thing described.(examples: misterious woman,sleeping face) 2. Evaluative - based on or relating to an assessment to form an idea or the value of something 3. A rhetorical question - is a figure of speech in the form of a question that is asked in order to make a point , for effect or to lay emphasis and no real answer is expected. Еxamples: “Who knows?” “Why not?” “If you prick us, do we not bleed? 4. anaphora is the repetition of a word or words a the beginning of two or more clauses, sentences or verses. example: it's an new dawn , it's a new day, it's a new life 5. Quotation is a repetition of a phrase or statement from a book, speech and the like used by the way of illustration, proof or as a basis for further speculation on the matter. By repeating the utterance in a new environment, we attach to the utterance an importance. Example: "Don't ever tell anybody anyting. If you do, you start missing everybody"(J.D.Salinger) 6. Litotes is an understatement in which a positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite (He is not unkind; not bad) 7. Pun is a play on words in which a humorous effect is produced by using a word that suggests two or more meanings by exploiting similar sounding words having different meanings. For example: At a pizza shop: "7 days without pizza makes one weak" "Why can a man starve in the Great Desert? - Because he can eat the sand which is there." 8. Connotation is a set of associations implied by a word in addition to its literary meaning. It can be positive or negative. Ex:"Wall Street" Literary means a street situated in Lower Manhattan,but connotativly it refers to "wealth" and "power") 9. Enumeration is a stylistic device by which separate things, objects, phenomena, properties, actions are named one by one so that they produce a chain, that displays homogeneity. Examples : 1.In competitive swimming each contestant swims four different strokes: the breast stroke, back-stroke, butterfly and freestyle. 2. " ... businessmen who have lived five, ten, twenty years in America..." 10. metaphor - transference of names based on the associated likeness between two objects. example: the whole world is theatre and people are the actors.

11. Antithesis is a stylistic device in which two opposite ideas are put together in a sentence to achieve a contrasting effect Ex. It was the best of times, it was the worst of times 12. Irony - is a figure of speech in which words are used in such a way that their intended meaning is different from the actual meaning of the words. Example: The butter is as soft as a marble piece. 13. 1. Denotation is a translation of a sign to its literal meaning. 2. Denotation is the direct meaning or set of meanings of a word or expression, distinguished from the ideas or meanings associated with it or suggested by it. 14. Personification-is the attribution of personal nature or character to inanimate objects or abstract notions -The city never sleeps 15. Cliché is an expression, idea, or element of an artistic work which has become overused to the point of losing its original meaning, effect or novelty (e. g. as brave as a lion; frightened to death; waking up on the wrong side of the bed; read between the lines). 16. CHAIN REPETITION presents several successive anadiploses (...a, a...b, b...c, c). The effect is that of the smoothly developing logical reasoning. EXAMPLE: Smile extended into laugh, the laugh into roar, and the roar became general. 17. CHIASMUS - 2 syntactical constructions (sentences or phrases) are parallel, but their (words) change places, their syntactical positions. EXAMPLE: All for one, and one for all; You can take the boy out of the country, but you can't take the country out of the boy. 18. Tautology is the repetitive use of words or phrases that more or less convey similar meaning with the purpose of emphasizing or adding literary beauty. Ex. I want to live while I am alive. There is nothing you can do that can't be done. 19. Trope- is a figure of speech based on some kind of transfer of denomination ( T.A.Znamenskaya). Trope is a word of phrase that is used in a way that is different from its usual meaning in order to create a particular mental image or effect. ( Oxford Advanced Learner's dictionary). There are many different types of tropes depending on how the meaning is changed.(e.g. hyperbole, irony, litotes, metaphor, metonymy,etc.) 20. Detached construction - is a syntactical stylistic device based on singling out a secondary member of the sentence with the help of punctuation and intonation. Ex.: She was crazy about you. In the beginning. Ex.: She was lovely: all of her - delightful. 21. synecdoche - is a literary device in which a part of something represents the whole or it may use a whole to represent a part. For example: the term "suits" refers to buisnessmen

the term "boots" refers to soldiers the term "pentagon" refers to a few decision makers 22. Figure of speech is a stylistic device of whatever kind, including tropes and syntactical expressive means. 23. Meiosis, or understatement - a device serving to underline the insignificance of what we speak about, lessening, weakening, reducing the real characteristics of the object of speech. This trope is the logical and psychological opposite of hyperbole. A typical meiosis is, for instance, the current expression "It will cost you a pretty penny" which in reality implies not 'a penny', but certainly a large sum of money. Ex.: It's a bit warm (when one is sweating in sauna or traveling through a desert at midday). I'm a little tired (after completing a marathon). 24. S u s p e n s e is a compositional device where a deliberate postponement of the completion of the sentence takes place. Eg: I just want you to know that even if you leave me, if you break my heart, if you spend all my money or if you eat my dinner again, I will still love you. 25. Ordinary repetition- is a simple repeating of a word within a sentence or a poetical line,with no particular placement of words,in order to provide emphasis,clarity,amplification or emotional effect. Example:Today,as never before,the fates of men are so intimately linked to one another that a disaster for one is a disaster for everybody. 26. Alliteration - the repetion of consonants, usually in the beginning of words. (Donald Duck; Coca-Cola; Mickey Mouse) 27. Antonomasia- is a lexical stylistic device in which a proper name is used instead of a common noun or vice versa Example: Iron Lady, Dr. Fresh Air,Mr. Owl Eyes 28. a proverb - a brief well-known phrase or sentence that gives advice about how people should live or that expresses a belief that is generally rhought to be true. a saying - a short well-known statement of a particular character that expresses something about life that most people believe is wise and true 29. Asyndeton - is a deliberate omission of conjunctions within the sentence or between sentences. Example: The dark, the moon, the stars - all created a romantic effect. 30. Anadiplosis is the repetition of the end of one clause (sentence) in the beginning of the following one. Example: "Strength through purity, purity through faith." 31. Framing- stylistic device in which the beginning of the sentence is repeated in the end of the sentence. ex. Obviously he is guilty, obviously. 32. Represented speech is a device which conveys the actual words or thoughts of a character not directly, but within the author’s speech, retaining the peculiarities of the speaker’s manner of expression. Example: Old Jolyon was on the alert at once. Wasn't the "man of property" going to live in his new house, then? (Galsworthy)

33. Anticlimax refers to a figure of speech in which statements gradually descend in order of importance. Unlike climax, anticlimax is the arrangement of a series of words, phrases, or clauses in order of decreasing importance. These are some examples of anticlimax: 1. She is a great writer, a mother and a good humorist. 2. He lost his family, his car and his cell phone. 34. Stylistic devices are the use of any of a variety of techniques to give an auxiliary meaning, idea, or feeling to the literal or written. It can be metaphor, simile, personification and so on. Example:"That boy is as fast as a fox." is a simile but "That boy is a fox!" is a metaphor. 35. Aposiopesis - is a figure of speech wherein a sentence is deliberately broken off and left unfinished, the ending to be supplied by the imagination, giving an impression of unwillingness or inability to continue. An example would be the threat "Get out, or else—!" This device often portrays its s as overcome with ion (fear, anger, excitement). 36. The expressive means of a language are those phonetic, morphological, word building, lexical, phraseological or syntactical forms which exist in language as-a-system for the purpose of logical and various dictionaries. 37. Periphrasis- it is a stylistic device that can be defined as the use of excessive and longer words to convey a meaning which could have been conveyed with a shorter expression or in a two words. It’s an indirect or round about way of writing about things. Example: I’m going to instead I will. 38. Simile is a figure of speech that makes a comparison, showing similarities between two different things. Unlike a metaphor, a simile draws resemblance with the help of the words ‘like’ or ‘as’. Therefore, it is a direct comparison. Example: ‘I would have given anything for the power to soothe her frail soul, tormenting itself in its invincible ignorance like a small bird beating about the cruel wires of a cage.’ 39. Emotive meaning has reference to the emotions of the speaker towards the thing or phenomena defined. The bearers of emotive meaning are interjections, exclamatory words, swear-words, a great number of qualifying words, intensifiers. E.g. a)Oh, My God! b)I feel so damned lonely! 40. Rhythm is a flow, movement, procedure, characterized by basically regular recurrence of elements or features, as beat, or accent, in alternation with opposite or different elements or features 41. Successive repetition is a string of closely following each other reiterated units. The most emphatic type of repetition which signifies the peak of emotions of the speaker. Example: It’s a mad,mad,mad world. 42. Convergence is a combination or accumulation of stylistic devices promoting the same idea, emotion or motive. Example: ‘The door opened and from the cushions within emerged a tall young man in a Clinging tore-gray coat. After him, like the first breath of spring in the champs- Elysses came Mrs. Beste- chet

wynde- two lizard- skin feet, silk legs, chinchilla body, a tight little black hat, pinned with platinum…’ 43. The decomposition of set phrase- a kind of violation a set phrase by either changing of 1 or more components or prolongation. Example: To be born with a golden spoon ( golden instead of silver) 44. Epiphora - is a stylistic device, which represents identical elements at the end of the sentences, paragraphs, chapters, stanzas. Example: I'm a Pepper, He's a Pepper, She's a Pepper, We're a Pepper Wouldn't you like to be a Pepper too? Doctor Pepper! 45. EPIGRAM is a brief, interesting, memorable, and sometimes surprising or satirical statement. Here lies my wife: here let her lie! Now she's at rest – and so am I. — John Dryden 46. Imagery means to use figurative language to represent objects, actions and ideas in such a way that it appeals to our physical senses. Examples: 1) The children were screaming and shouting in the fields. ("screaming" and "shouting" appeal to our auditory sense) 2) The fresh and juicy oranges are very cold and sweet. ('juicy" and "sweet" have an effect to our sense of taste) 47. Ellipsis is the omission of a word necessary for the complete syntactical construction of a sentence but not necessary for understanding. It is used to change the tempo of the sentence and to heighten the emotional tension of the narration. "You feel alright? Anything wrong or what?" "What is he doing? Annoying father" 48. Climax - an arragement of sentences or homogeneous parts of sentences which secures a gradual increase in significance, importance or emotional tension Example: They looked at hundreds of houses, they climbed thousands of stairs, they inspected innumerable kitchens. 49. Metonymy - is a figure of speech in which something is called by a new name that is related in meaning to the original thing or concept. The Yankees have been throwing the ball really well. (the name of a sports team is used in place of its individual ) 50. Question in the narrative is asked and answered by one and the same person, usually the author to sustain tension and keep the reader interested. Example: how long must it go on? How long must we suffer? Where is the end? I don't know. 51. Onomatopoeia (Звукоподражание) - is a combination of speech sounds which aims at imitating sounds produced in nature (wind, water, leaves), by animals, by people and by things (machins or

tools) Example: Animals - miaow, roar, bow-wow. People - blahblah, murmur. Nature - buzz, splash, whistle. 52. Rhyme is the repetition of identical or similar terminal sound combinations of words . “Twinkle, twinkle little star How I wonder what you are” 53. Assonance - the repetition of similar vowels usually in stressed syllables. "Fleet feet sweep by sleeping geese" pink cloyed "Try to light the fire" "Hear the mellow wedding bells" e.a. Poe. 54. Gap-sentence link is a way of connecting two sentences seemingly unconnected and leaving it to the reader’s. Example: She and that fellow might to be the subberes ,and they are in Italy. 55. Zeugma-is a figure of speech in which one single phrase or word s different parts of a sentence. 56. Oxymoron is a figure of speech that juxtaposes elements that appear to be contradictory. Oxymorons appear in a variety of contexts, including inadvertent errors (such as "ground pilot") and literary oxymorons crafted to reveal a paradox. 57. euphemism is a generally innocuous word or expression used in place of one that may be found offensive or suggest something unpleasant. pregnant=expecting,invalid=disabled 58. Hyperbole is the use of exaggeration as a rhetorical device or figure of speech. In rhetoric, it is also sometimes known as auxesis (lit. "growth"). In poetry and oratory, it emphasizes, evokes strong feelings, and creates strong impressions. As a figure of speech, it is usually not meant to be taken literally. 59. inversion is any of several grammatical constructions where two expressions switch their canonical order of appearance, that is, they invert. a. A unicorn will come into the room. b. Into the room will come a unicorn. 60. parallelism, also known as parallel structure or parallel construction, is a balance within one or more sentences of similar phrases or clauses that have the same grammatical structure.The application of parallelism improves writing style and readability, and is thought to make sentences easier to process. Parallelism is often achieved using antithesis, anaphora, asyndeton, climax, epistrophe, and symploce. Lacking parallelism: "The dog ran across the yard, jumped over the fence, and down the alley he sprinted." Parallel: "The dog ran across the yard, jumped over the fence, and sprinted down the alley." Grammatical but not employing parallelism: "The dog ran across the yard and jumped over the fence, and down the alley he sprinted."

61. Polysyndeton is the use of several conjunctions in close succession, especially where some could otherwise be omitted (as in "he ran and jumped and laughed for joy"). 62. Allusion is a figure of speech, in which one refers covertly or indirectly to an object or circumstance from an external context. A sobriquet