Pws Convention Presentation 2b554o
This document was ed by and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. If you are author or own the copyright of this book, please report to us by using this report form. Report 445h4w
Overview 1s532p
& View Pws Convention Presentation as PDF for free.
More details 6h715l
- Words: 4,090
- Pages: 93
PHILIPPINE WELDING SOCIETY 17th Annual Convention and Technical Paper Presentation
06 November 2008 10:00 - 11:00 A.M.
Presentor:
ROMULO T. CARMEN JR. Technical Director APEX ENGINEERING SERVICES
AES
www.aes.com.ph
Las Piñas City
RESOURCE SPEAKER
ROMULO T. CARMEN JR. ed Mechanical Engineer - 1984
Nondestructive Testing (NDT) Certification ANST Level III
- American Society for Nondestructive Testing, ASNT
AC Professional Level III
- American Society for Nondestructive Testing, ASNT
NCB Level III
- Philippine Society for Nondestructive Testing, PSNT
Professional Experience: 25 years Training Director, Apex Engineering Services, AES – 3 years Retired in year 2005 From Metals Industry Research and Development Center, MIRDC Department of Science and Technology, DOST – 16 years Engineering Equipment Inc., EEI – 4 years Technological Institute of the Philippines, TIP – 2 years
NDT Training Abroad: USA, , Japan, Singapore
Knowing the Participants Experience in Welding Related Jobs 15 Years and Above 10 to 14 Years
5 to 9 Years
0 to 4 Years
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF WELDS Nondestructive Testing (NDT) NDT is the term used to designate those testing methods that allow material to be examined without impairing material usefulness and serviceability.
NDT Methods RT
– Radiographic Testing
UT
– Ultrasonic Testing
MT – Magnetic Particle Testing PT
– Liquid Penetrant Testing
Other NDT NDE – Nondestructive Examination NDI – Nondestructive Inspection
Discontinuity
-
a lack of continuity or cohesion; an intentional or unintentional interruption in the physical structure or configuration of a material. No discontinuity With discontinuity
(Keyway)
With discontinuity
(Crack)
With discontinuity
(Inclusion)
With discontinuity
(Porosity)
With discontinuity
(Lack of Fusion)
Capabilities and Limitations NDT Methods Surface
Near-Surface
Subsurface
Method
Classification
RT
X
Internal
UT
X
Internal
MT
X
PT
X
Note: - Capable X - Capable but not reliable X - Not Capable
X
Surface
X
Surface
Standard Terminology for NDT Nondestructive Testing
Indication
Interpretation
Nonrelevant
False
Relevant
Evaluation
Reject
As per ASTM E 1316
Accept
NDT Codes & Standards Codes and Standards
Founded
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
1898
ASME
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
1880
API
American Petroleum Institute
1911
AWS
American Welding Society
1919
www.astm.org
www.aws.org
www.asme.org
www.api.org
NDT Procedures Codes and Standards
Title
1
ASTM Vol. 03.03
Nondestructive Testing
2008
2
ASME V
Nondestructive Examination
2007
3
AWS D1.1
Structural Welding Code Steel
2008
4
API 1104
Welding Of Pipelines And Related Facilities
2006
1
2
Latest Edition
3
4
Specific NDT Procedures Codes and Standards
Latest Edition
Title
1
ASTM E 94
Guide for Radiographic Testing
2004
2
ASME V Article 2
Radiographic Examination
2007
3
AWS D1.1 Section 6
Inspection
2008
4
API 1104 Section 9
Procedure for Nondestructive Testing
2006
ASTM E 94
ASME V Art. 2
D1.1 Section 6
Section 11
1
2
3
4
Qualification and Certification Standards/Documents Document Designation
Description
Type
Country
Company
USA
Company & Central
USA
ASNT Central Certification Program
Central
USA
Nondestructive Testing – Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
Central
Internationa l
General Principles for Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
Central
Europe
CAN/CGSB 48.9712
Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
Central
Canada
PNS/ISO 9712
Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
Central
Philippines
SNT-TC-1A
Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
ANSI/ASNT -189
ASNT Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
AC ISO 9712 EN 473
ASNT Certification Schemes Type
Central
Company
Document
ASNT Qualification and Certification Procedure Based on ASNT Certification Scheme
Company Qualification and Certification Procedure Based on SNT-TC-IA
Testing Center in Asia
Singapore, Japan, Korea
Company Site
Examiner
ASNT Examiner ASNT Level III or AC Level III
Company Authorized Examiner ASNT Level III or AC Level III
Certification Levels
AC Level II, AC Level III, ASNT Level III
NDT Level I, NDT Level II, NDT Level III
Certificate Signatories
Chairman, ASNT Certification Committee
AC Level III or ASNT Level III and Company President or GM
Radiographic Film
Small Grains
Large Grains
Grains
Speed
Sensitivity
Small
Slow
High
Large
Fast
Low
X-ray Machine
RT - X-ray Exposure SWE-SWV Single Wall Expose/ Single Wall Viewing
Tube Head
IQI
FFD
I 9’43”
3.0 mA
160 kV
0
X-ray Exposure
3
Time
Prog
Enter
1
Control
8”
6”
00 1
2 0
1
1 Func
el de r
mA
W
KV
6
AS TM
9
5
Co .
I
8
4
XY Z
O
7
0
Radiograph XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
0 0
film
ASTM ASTM ASTM
1
Welder001 0011 Welder Welder 001
A A
Test Results (examples only) Radiograph Identification 0-1
FFD – Focal Spot to Film Distance
1 1
Indication
Evaluation
Porosity
Accepted
RT - Gamma Ray Exposure
Iridium-192 (Ir-192) Cobalt-60 (Co-60)
Snout
SWE-SWV Single Wall Expose/ Single Wall Viewing IQI
SFD
XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
00
00 1
el de r W
Co .
Radiograph
6”
XY Z
8”
1
AS TM
1
0
ASTM ASTM
1
Welder 0011 Welder 001 Welder 001
A A
1 1
film SFD – Source to Film Distance
Test Results (examples only) Radiograph Identification
Indication
Evaluation
0-1
Porosity
Rejected
0 - 1 R1
Negative to Indication
Accepted
RT - Gamma Ray Exposure
SWE-SWV Single Wall Expose/ Single Wall Viewing
SFD
0
1
Radiograph XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
00
ASTM ASTM
1
Welder 0011 Welder 001 Welder 001
A A
11
SFD – Source to Film Distance Test Results (examples only) Radiograph Identification 0-1
Indication
Evaluation
Porosity
Accepted
RT - Gamma Ray Exposure SWE-SWV Single Wall Expose/ Single Wall Viewing Pipe Size : 36 inches
XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
0
1
0
XYZ Co.
ASTM ASTM
Welder 001 001 1 Welder
A A
1
1
Radiograph 0-1
7
ASTM ASTM
Welder 001
1 1
A A
2
Radiograph 1-2
1 XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
22
XYZ Co.
ASTM ASTM
Welder 001 001 Welder
1 1
A A
33
3
ASTM ASTM
Welder 001
1 1
A A
6
4
2 XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
44 5
XYZ XYZ Co. Co.
ASTM ASTM
1
Welder 001 001 1 Welder
A A
55
51 5
ASTM ASTM ASTM ASTM
111
Welder Welder 001 001 1
A A AA
62 6
3 XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
XYZXYZ Co.Co.
ASTM ASTM
ASTM ASTM
4
66
Welder 001 001 Welder
11 1
A A A
77
7
Welder001 0010 7 Welder 1
1A
A
0
XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
1
0
XYZ Co.
ASTM ASTM
Welder 001 001 1 Welder
A A
1
1
Radiograph 0-1
XYZ Co.
4
1
A
Welder 001
11
A A
2
XYZ Co.
ASTM
2
Welder 001
1
A
3
3
ASTM
Welder 001
1
A
4
Radiograph 1-2
XYZ XYZ Co. XYZCo. Co.
ASTM
Welder 001
XYZ Co.
ASTM ASTM
5
51 5
Test Results (examples only) Radiograph Identification
XYZ Co.
ASTM ASTM ASTM
Welder Welder 001 Welder001 001
111
A AA
62 6
6
XYZXYZ Co.Co.
ASTM
Welder 001
1
A
7
7
ASTM ASTM
Welder001 0010 7 Welder 1
1A
A
Indication
0-1
Porosity
Accepted
1-2
Slag Inclusions
Accepted
2-3
LOF
Rejected
3-4
Negative to Indication
Accepted
4-5
Porosity
Accepted
5-6
Slag Inclusions
Accepted
6-7
LOP
Rejected
7-0
LOP
Rejected
0
RT Exposure – DWE/SWV Technique DWE/SWV - Double Wall Exposure/Single Wall Viewing 0
XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
Pipe Size : 8 inches
1 1
0
XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
ASTM ASTM
Welder 001 001 1 Welder
A A A
1 1
1
Radiograph 0-1
3
ASTM ASTM ASTM
Welder 001 001 Welder
1 1
A A
Radiograph 1-2
1 XYZ Co. Co. XYZ Co. XYZ
2
22
XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
ASTM ASTM ASTM
Welder Welder 001 001 001 Welder
11 1
AA A
3
33
ASTM ASTM ASTM
1
Welder 001 001 11 Welder
A A A
X or Ɣ Source Exposure 1
Exposure 2
0
3
1
1
2
Film
Film
Exposure 3
Exposure 4
0
2
2
2
3
3
Film
1
0
Film
0 4
RT Exposure – DWE/SWV Technique DWE/SWV - Double Wall Exposure/Single Wall Viewing XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
0
Pipe Size : 8 inches
0
XYZ Co.
ASTM ASTM
1
Welder 001 001 1 Welder
A A
1
1
ASTM ASTM
Welder 001
1 1
A A
2
3
1
XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
XYZ Co.
ASTM ASTM
ASTM ASTM
2
22
Test Results (examples only) Radiograph Identification
Welder 001 001 Welder
1 1
A A
33
3
Welder 001
1 1
A A
0 4
Indication
Evaluation
0-1
Porosity
Accepted
1-2
Slag Inclusions
Accepted
2-3
LOF
Rejected
3-0
Negative to Indication
Accepted
2 - 3 R1
Porosity
Accepted
R1 - Repair 1
RT Exposure – DWE/DWV Technique Applicable for 3.5 inches O.D and below DWE/DWV - Double Wall Exposure/Double Wall Viewing (Ellipse)
X or Ɣ Source Exposure 1
Exposure 2
0 deg
90 deg
Rotated 90 degrees Film
IQI with letter F
0 degrees
90
A 1
ASTM
0
IQI with letter F
90 degrees
RT Exposure – DWE/DWV Technique Applicable for 3.5 inches O.D and below DWE/DWV - Double Wall Exposure/Double Wall Viewing (Ellipse)
X or Ɣ Source Exposure 1
Exposure 2
0 deg
90 deg
Rotated 90 degrees Film
IQI with letter F
90
A 1
ASTM
0
IQI with letter F
0 degrees
90 degrees
Test Results (examples only) Radiograph Identification
Indication
Evaluation
0 deg
LOP
Rejected
90 deg
Porosity
Accepted
0 deg R1
Porosity
Accepted
ASME V – Article 2 Requirements Radiographic Density Radiation Source Density X –ray
1.8 to 4.0
Gamma-ray
2.0 to 4.0
Industry Requirements Industry Requirements Radiographic Density: 2.0 – 3.0
2.0 – 3.0
Image Quality Indicator (IQI) or Penetrameter 4T dia. 6 Wires, Equally Spaced, Encapsulated Between Clear Vinyl Sheets
ASTM
Material Grade Number
1
A
Wire Type
Set Identification Letters
2T dia.
3/8”
X X
Lead Identification
T dia.
1”
Place Identification Numbers Here
Hole Type
Acceptance - Rejection Criteria Codes and Standards
Title
Latest Edition
1
ASME IX
Welding and Brazing Qualifications
2007
2
ASME VIII
Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
2007
3
ASME I
Power Boilers
2007
4
ASME B31.1
Power Piping
2007
5
ASME B31.3
Process Piping
2006
6
API 650
Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
2007
7
API 1104
Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities
2006
8
AWS D1.1
Structural Welding Code Steel
2008
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
ASME IX -
Welding and Brazing Qualifications
Classification
Discontinuity
Evaluation
Linear
Crack
Rejected
Linear
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
Linear
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
Linear
Elongated Slag Inclusion
With Tolerance
Linear
Group of Aligned Slag Inclusions
With Tolerance
Rounded
Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Interpretations of Indications Length
Length, L
Width, W
Width
Linear Indications L > 3W
L < 3W
6 2
Rounded
8 2
Linear
Rounded Indications or L = 3W
L
?
3W
6
=
3x2
6 mm mm
=
L
?
3W
8
>
3x2
8 mm mm
>
6
6
ASME VIII - Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Classification
Discontinuity
Evaluation
---
Crack
Rejected
---
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
---
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
Elongated
Elongated Indication
With Tolerance
---
Group of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Isolated Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Random Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Cluster rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Aligned Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
ASME I - Power Boilers Classification
Discontinuity
Evaluation
---
Crack
Rejected
---
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
---
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
Elongated
Elongated Indication
With Tolerance
---
Group of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Isolated Rounded Indication
With Tolerance
Rounded
Random Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Cluster Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Aligned Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Group of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
ASME B31.1 - Power Piping Classification
Discontinuity
Evaluation
---
Crack
Rejected
---
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
---
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
Elongated
Elongated Indication
With Tolerance
---
Group of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Isolated Rounded Indication
With Tolerance
Rounded
Random Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Cluster Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Aligned Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
---
Root Concavity
With Tolerance
ASME B31.3 - Process Piping Classification
Discontinuity
Evaluation
---
Crack
Rejected
---
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
---
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected or With Tolerance
---
Porosity
With Tolerance
---
Slags, Tungsten, Elongated
With Tolerance
---
Suck Up
With Tolerance
API 650 - Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage Classification
Discontinuity
Evaluation
---
Crack
Rejected
---
Incomplete Fusion, IF
Rejected
---
Incomplete Penetration, IP
Rejected
Elongated
Elongated Indication
With Tolerance
---
Group of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Isolated Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Random Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Cluster rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Aligned Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
API 1104 - Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities Classification
Discontinuity
Evaluation
---
Crack
Rejected
---
Inadequate Penetration, IP
With Tolerance
---
Inadequate Cross Penetration, I
With Tolerance
---
Incomplete Fusion, IF, Surface
With Tolerance
---
Incomplete Fusion, IFD, Cold Lap
With Tolerance
---
Internal Concavity, IC
With Tolerance
---
Burn-Through (BT)
With Tolerance
---
Elongated Slag Inclusions (ESI)
With Tolerance
---
Porosity, P, , HBP
With Tolerance
---
Undercutting, EU, IU
With Tolerance
---
Accumulation of Imperfections
With Tolerance
AWS D1.1 - Structural Welding Code Steel Classification
Discontinuity
Evaluation
---
Crack
Rejected
---
Incomplete Fusion
With Tolerance
---
Incomplete Penetration
With Tolerance
Elongated
Elongated Discontinuities
With Tolerance
Rounded
Rounded Discontinuities
With Tolerance
Rounded
Cluster Discontinuities
With Tolerance
---
Sum of Discontinuities
With Tolerance
---
Aligned Discontinuities
With Tolerance
Crack Acceptance Standard
Indication
Evaluation
1
ASME VIII
Crack
Rejected
2
ASME I
Crack
Rejected
3
ASME B31.1
Crack
Rejected
4
ASME B31.3
Crack
Rejected
5
API 650
Crack
Rejected
6
API 1104
Crack
Rejected
7
AWS D1.1
Crack
Rejected
8
ASME IX
Crack
Rejected
Incomplete Fusion Acceptance Standard
Indication
Evaluation
1
ASME IX
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
2
ASME VIII
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
3
ASME I
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
4
ASME B31.1
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
5
ASME B31.3
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
6
API 650
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
7
API 1104
Incomplete Fusion, IF, Surface
With Tolerance
8
API 1104
Incomplete Fusion, IFD, Cold Lap
With Tolerance
Incomplete Penetration Acceptance Standard
Indication
Evaluation
1
ASME IX
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
2
ASME VIII
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
3
ASME I
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
4
ASME B31.1
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
5
ASME B31.3
Incomplete Penetration
Rej. or w/Tolerance
6
API 650
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
7
API 1104
Inadequate Cross Penetration, I
With Tolerance
7
API 1104
Inadequate Penetration, IP
With Tolerance
7
API 1104
Inadequate Penetration, IPD
With Tolerance
9
AWS D1.1
Incomplete Penetration
With Tolerance
Porosity
Acceptance Standard
Classificatio n
Indicatio n
Evaluation
1
ASME B31.3
---
Porosity
With Tolerance
2
API 1104
---
Porosity
With Tolerance
Rounded Indications Acceptance Standard
Classification
Indication
Evaluation
1
ASME VIII
Rounded
Isolated Indications
With Tolerance
2
ASME I
Rounded
Isolated Indications
With Tolerance
3
ASME B31.1
Rounded
Isolated Indications
With Tolerance
4
API 650
Rounded
Isolated Indications
With Tolerance
1
ASME VIII
Rounded
Random Indications
With Tolerance
2
ASME I
Rounded
Random Indications
With Tolerance
3
ASME B31.1
Rounded
Random Indications
With Tolerance
4
API 650
Rounded
Random Indications
With Tolerance
1
ASME VIII
Rounded
Cluster Indications
With Tolerance
2
ASME I
Rounded
Cluster Indications
With Tolerance
3
ASME B31.1
Rounded
Cluster Indications
With Tolerance
4
API 650
Rounded
Cluster Indications
With Tolerance
5
AWS D1.1
Rounded
Cluster Discontinuities
With Tolerance
Elongated Indication Acceptance Standard
Classificatio n
Indication
Evaluation
1
ASME IX
Linear
Elongated Slag Inclusion
With Tolerance
2
ASME VIII
Elongated
Elongated Indication
With Tolerance
3
ASME I
Elongated
Elongated Indication
With Tolerance
4
ASME B31.1
Elongated
Elongated Indication
With Tolerance
5
API 650
Elongated
Elongated Indication
With Tolerance
6
AWS D1.1
Elongated
Elongated Discontinuities
With Tolerance
QW-191.2 Radiographic Acceptance Criteria QW-191.2.2
Acceptance Standards
(a) Linear Indications (3) any group of slag inclusions in line that have an aggregate length greater than t in a length of 12t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6L where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group
t > 6L3
> 6L3
> 6L3
L1
L4 L3
L2
12 t
QW-191.2 QW-191.2.2
Radiographic Acceptance Criteria Acceptance Standards (a) Linear Indications: Group Slags in Line t = 20 mm
36 mm
38 mm
37 mm 6mm
6mm 6.5
6.5
144 mm t = 20 mm 12t = 240 mm L = 6.5 mm 6L = 39 mm
6 + 6.5 + 6.5 + 6 mm > t 25 mm > 24 mm 38 mm < 6L 38 mm < 6 x 6.5 mm 38 mm < 39 mm
Rejected
Aligned Indications Acceptance Standard
Classificatio n
Indication
Evaluation
1
ASME VIII
Rounded
Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
2
ASME I
Rounded
Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
3
ASME B31.1
Rounded
Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
4
API 650
Rounded
Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
5
AWS D1.1
---
Aligned Discontinuities
With Tolerance
Groups of Aligned Indications Acceptance Standard 1
ASME IX
Classificatio n
Indication
Evaluation
Linear
Group of Aligned Slag Inclusions
With Tolerance
2
ASME VIII
---
Groups of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
2
ASME VIII
Rounded
Groups of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
3
ASME I
---
Groups of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
3
ASME I
Rounded
Groups of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
4
ASME B31.1
---
Groups of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
4
ASME B31.1
Rounded
Groups of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
5
API 650
---
Group of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
5
API 650
Rounded
Groups of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
Various Indications Acceptance Standard
Classificatio n
Indication
Evaluation
1
ASME B31.3
---
Slags, Tungsten, Elongated
With Tolerance
2
ASME B31.3
---
Suck Up
With Tolerance
2
API 1104
---
Accumulation of Imperfections
With Tolerance
3
API 1104
---
Burn-through
With Tolerance
3
API 1104
---
Internal Concavity, IC
With Tolerance
4
API 1104
---
Slag Inclusions
With Tolerance
4
API 1104
---
Undercutting
With Tolerance
5
AWS D1.1
Rounded
Rounded Discontinuities
With Tolerance
5
AWS D1.1
---
Sum of Discontinuities
With Tolerance
QW-190 QW-191
OTHER TESTS AND EXAMINATIONS Radiographic Examination
QW-191.1 Method The radiographic examination in QW-142 for welders and in QW-143 for welding operators shall meet the requirements of Article 2, Section V, except as follows: (a) A written radiographic examination procedure is not required. Demonstration of density and image quality requirements on production or technique radiographs shall be considered satisfactory evidence of compliance with Article 2 of Section V. (b) Final acceptance of radiographs shall be based on the ability to see the prescribed image and the specified hole of a hole-type image quality indicator (IQI) or the designated wire of a wire-type IQI. The acceptance standards of QW-191.2 shall be met. Note: Requires approved written procedure and personnel certification
QW-191.2 Radiographic Acceptance Criteria QW-191.2.2
Acceptance Standards
(a) Linear Indications (2) any elongated slag inclusion which has a length greater than (a) 1⁄8 in. (3 mm) for t up to 3⁄8 in. (10 mm), inclusive (b) 1⁄3t for t over 3⁄8 in. (10 mm) to 21⁄4 in. (57 mm), inclusive (c) 3⁄4 in. (19 mm) for t over 21⁄4 in. (57 mm)
t, mm ≤ 10 mm > 10 to 57 mm > 57 mm
Maximum Acceptable Size of Indication 3 mm 1/3 t mm 19 mm
QW-191.2 QW-191.2.2
Radiographic Acceptance Criteria Acceptance Standards (a) Linear Indications: Elongated Slag Inclusions
4 mm
8 mm
> 3 mm
4 mm < 6.67 mm
20 mm
Rejected
Accepted
1 x 20 mm = 6.67 mm 3
60 mm
20 mm > 19 mm
Rejected
QW-191.2 Radiographic Acceptance Criteria QW-191.2.2
Acceptance Standards
(a) Linear Indications (3) any group of slag inclusions in line that have an aggregate length greater than t in a length of 12t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6L where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group
t > 6L3
> 6L3
> 6L3
L1
L4 L3
L2
12 t
QW-191.2 QW-191.2.2
Radiographic Acceptance Criteria Acceptance Standards (a) Linear Indications: Group Slags in Line t = 20 mm
36 mm
38 mm
37 mm 6mm
6mm 6.5
6.5
144 mm t = 20 mm 12t = 240 mm L = 6.5 mm 6L = 39 mm
6 + 6.5 + 6.5 + 6 mm > t 25 mm > 20 mm 38 mm < 6L 38 mm < 6 x 6.5 mm 38 mm < 39 mm
Rejected
QW-191.2 Radiographic Acceptance Criteria QW-191.2.2
Acceptance Standards
QW-191.2.2
Acceptance Standards
Welder and welding operator performance tests by radiography of welds in test assemblies shall be judged unacceptable when the radiograph exhibits any imperfections in excess of the limits specified below. (b) Rounded Indications (1) The maximum permissible dimension for rounded indications shall be 20% of t or 1⁄8 in. (3 mm), whichever is smaller.
t
Maximum Acceptable Rounded Indication < 3 mm or 20% of t whichever is smaller
QW-191.2 QW-191.2.2
Radiographic Acceptance Criteria Acceptance Standards (b) Rounded Indications: Maximum Permissible Dimension for Rounded Indication 2 mm
t = 8 mm
Maximum Acceptable Rounded Indication 20% of t 20% of 8 = 1.6 mm Apply 1.6 mm because it is smaller than 3 mm
2.0 mm > 1.6 mm
Rejected
QW-191.2 Radiographic Acceptance Criteria QW-191.2.2
Acceptance Standards
(b) Rounded Indications (2) For welds in material less than 1⁄8 in. (3 mm) in thickness, the maximum number of acceptable rounded indications shall not exceed 12 in a 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld. A proportionately fewer number of rounded indications shall be permitted in welds less than 6 in. (150 mm) in length.
t < 3 mm 12
1
150 mm Maximum Acceptable Rounded Indications 12 in 150 mm length of weld
QW-191.2 QW-191.2.2
Radiographic Acceptance Criteria Acceptance Standards (b) Rounded Indications: Maximum No. of rounded indication
t = 2.5 mm 13
1
150 mm
13 rounded indication > 12 rounded indication
Rejected
SUPERCEDED
Process Piping
Process Piping
Process Piping
Process Piping
Process Piping
Process Piping
Oxygen Bleach
Process Piping
Oxygen Mixer
Power Boilers
Boilers steam drum
Power Boilers
Oil Storage Tank
Oil Storage Tank
Oil Storage Tank
Oil Storage Tank
www.asme.org American Society of Mechanical Engineers Founded in 1880
ASME was founded in 1880 by prominent mechanical engineers, led by Alexander Lyman Holley (1832-1882), Henry Rossiter Worthington (1817-1880), and John Edson Sweet (1832-1916).
www.astm.org American Society for Testing and Materials Founded in 1898
ASTM International, originally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), was formed over a century ago, when a forwardthinking group of engineers and scientists got together to address frequent rail breaks in the burgeoning railroad industry.
www.api.org American Petroleum Institute Founded in 1919
The American Petroleum Institute was established on March 20, 1919 API's mission is to influence public policy in of a strong, viable U.S. oil and natural gas industry essential to meet the energy needs of consumers in an efficient, environmentally responsible manner.
www.aws.org American Welding Society Founded in 1919
The American Welding Society (AWS) was founded in 1919 as a multifaceted, nonprofit organization with a goal to advance the science, technology and application of welding and related ing disciplines. From factory floor to high-rise construction, from military weaponry to home products, AWS continues to lead the way in ing welding education and technology development to ensure a strong, competitive and exciting way of life for all Americans.
NDT Procedures Codes and Standards
Title
Latest Edition
Price
1
AWS D1.1
Structural Welding Code Steel
2008
$392.00
2
ASME V
Nondestructive Examination
2007
$435.00
3
ASTM Vol. 03.03
Nondestructive Testing
2008
$272.00
4
API 1104
Welding Of Pipelines And Related Facilities
2006
$277.00
Acceptance-Rejection Criteria Codes and Standards
Title
Latest Edition
Price
1
ASME IX
Welding and Brazing Qualifications
2007
$450
2
ASME VIII
Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
2007
$610
3
ASME I
Power Boilers
2007
$395
4
ASME B31.1
Power Piping
2007
$315
5
ASME B31.3
Process Piping
2006
$320
6
API 650
Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
2007
$399
7
API 1104
Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities
2006
$277
8
AWS D1.1
Structural Welding Code Steel
2008
$392
NDT Procedures Codes and Standards
Title
Latest Edition
1
AWS D1.1
Structural Welding Code Steel
2008
2
ASME V
Nondestructive Examination
2007
3
ASTM Vol. 03.03
Nondestructive Testing
2008
4
API 1104
Welding Of Pipelines And Related Facilities
2006
ASTM Volume 03.03 Nondestructive Testing
Pressure Vessel
Power Piping
Welder & Test Coupon
Process Piping
Power Boilers
Oil Storage Tank
Pipelines
Structural Steel
Interpretations of Indications Length
Length, L
Width, W
Width
Linear Indications L > 3W
L < 3W
3 1
Rounded 5 1.5
Linear
Rounded Indications or L = 3W
L
?
3W
3
=
3x1
L
?
3W
5
>
3 x 1.5
06 November 2008 10:00 - 11:00 A.M.
Presentor:
ROMULO T. CARMEN JR. Technical Director APEX ENGINEERING SERVICES
AES
www.aes.com.ph
Las Piñas City
RESOURCE SPEAKER
ROMULO T. CARMEN JR. ed Mechanical Engineer - 1984
Nondestructive Testing (NDT) Certification ANST Level III
- American Society for Nondestructive Testing, ASNT
AC Professional Level III
- American Society for Nondestructive Testing, ASNT
NCB Level III
- Philippine Society for Nondestructive Testing, PSNT
Professional Experience: 25 years Training Director, Apex Engineering Services, AES – 3 years Retired in year 2005 From Metals Industry Research and Development Center, MIRDC Department of Science and Technology, DOST – 16 years Engineering Equipment Inc., EEI – 4 years Technological Institute of the Philippines, TIP – 2 years
NDT Training Abroad: USA, , Japan, Singapore
Knowing the Participants Experience in Welding Related Jobs 15 Years and Above 10 to 14 Years
5 to 9 Years
0 to 4 Years
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF WELDS Nondestructive Testing (NDT) NDT is the term used to designate those testing methods that allow material to be examined without impairing material usefulness and serviceability.
NDT Methods RT
– Radiographic Testing
UT
– Ultrasonic Testing
MT – Magnetic Particle Testing PT
– Liquid Penetrant Testing
Other NDT NDE – Nondestructive Examination NDI – Nondestructive Inspection
Discontinuity
-
a lack of continuity or cohesion; an intentional or unintentional interruption in the physical structure or configuration of a material. No discontinuity With discontinuity
(Keyway)
With discontinuity
(Crack)
With discontinuity
(Inclusion)
With discontinuity
(Porosity)
With discontinuity
(Lack of Fusion)
Capabilities and Limitations NDT Methods Surface
Near-Surface
Subsurface
Method
Classification
RT
X
Internal
UT
X
Internal
MT
X
PT
X
Note: - Capable X - Capable but not reliable X - Not Capable
X
Surface
X
Surface
Standard Terminology for NDT Nondestructive Testing
Indication
Interpretation
Nonrelevant
False
Relevant
Evaluation
Reject
As per ASTM E 1316
Accept
NDT Codes & Standards Codes and Standards
Founded
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
1898
ASME
American Society of Mechanical Engineers
1880
API
American Petroleum Institute
1911
AWS
American Welding Society
1919
www.astm.org
www.aws.org
www.asme.org
www.api.org
NDT Procedures Codes and Standards
Title
1
ASTM Vol. 03.03
Nondestructive Testing
2008
2
ASME V
Nondestructive Examination
2007
3
AWS D1.1
Structural Welding Code Steel
2008
4
API 1104
Welding Of Pipelines And Related Facilities
2006
1
2
Latest Edition
3
4
Specific NDT Procedures Codes and Standards
Latest Edition
Title
1
ASTM E 94
Guide for Radiographic Testing
2004
2
ASME V Article 2
Radiographic Examination
2007
3
AWS D1.1 Section 6
Inspection
2008
4
API 1104 Section 9
Procedure for Nondestructive Testing
2006
ASTM E 94
ASME V Art. 2
D1.1 Section 6
Section 11
1
2
3
4
Qualification and Certification Standards/Documents Document Designation
Description
Type
Country
Company
USA
Company & Central
USA
ASNT Central Certification Program
Central
USA
Nondestructive Testing – Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
Central
Internationa l
General Principles for Qualification and Certification of NDT Personnel
Central
Europe
CAN/CGSB 48.9712
Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
Central
Canada
PNS/ISO 9712
Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
Central
Philippines
SNT-TC-1A
Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing
ANSI/ASNT -189
ASNT Standard for Qualification and Certification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel
AC ISO 9712 EN 473
ASNT Certification Schemes Type
Central
Company
Document
ASNT Qualification and Certification Procedure Based on ASNT Certification Scheme
Company Qualification and Certification Procedure Based on SNT-TC-IA
Testing Center in Asia
Singapore, Japan, Korea
Company Site
Examiner
ASNT Examiner ASNT Level III or AC Level III
Company Authorized Examiner ASNT Level III or AC Level III
Certification Levels
AC Level II, AC Level III, ASNT Level III
NDT Level I, NDT Level II, NDT Level III
Certificate Signatories
Chairman, ASNT Certification Committee
AC Level III or ASNT Level III and Company President or GM
Radiographic Film
Small Grains
Large Grains
Grains
Speed
Sensitivity
Small
Slow
High
Large
Fast
Low
X-ray Machine
RT - X-ray Exposure SWE-SWV Single Wall Expose/ Single Wall Viewing
Tube Head
IQI
FFD
I 9’43”
3.0 mA
160 kV
0
X-ray Exposure
3
Time
Prog
Enter
1
Control
8”
6”
00 1
2 0
1
1 Func
el de r
mA
W
KV
6
AS TM
9
5
Co .
I
8
4
XY Z
O
7
0
Radiograph XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
0 0
film
ASTM ASTM ASTM
1
Welder001 0011 Welder Welder 001
A A
Test Results (examples only) Radiograph Identification 0-1
FFD – Focal Spot to Film Distance
1 1
Indication
Evaluation
Porosity
Accepted
RT - Gamma Ray Exposure
Iridium-192 (Ir-192) Cobalt-60 (Co-60)
Snout
SWE-SWV Single Wall Expose/ Single Wall Viewing IQI
SFD
XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
00
00 1
el de r W
Co .
Radiograph
6”
XY Z
8”
1
AS TM
1
0
ASTM ASTM
1
Welder 0011 Welder 001 Welder 001
A A
1 1
film SFD – Source to Film Distance
Test Results (examples only) Radiograph Identification
Indication
Evaluation
0-1
Porosity
Rejected
0 - 1 R1
Negative to Indication
Accepted
RT - Gamma Ray Exposure
SWE-SWV Single Wall Expose/ Single Wall Viewing
SFD
0
1
Radiograph XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
00
ASTM ASTM
1
Welder 0011 Welder 001 Welder 001
A A
11
SFD – Source to Film Distance Test Results (examples only) Radiograph Identification 0-1
Indication
Evaluation
Porosity
Accepted
RT - Gamma Ray Exposure SWE-SWV Single Wall Expose/ Single Wall Viewing Pipe Size : 36 inches
XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
0
1
0
XYZ Co.
ASTM ASTM
Welder 001 001 1 Welder
A A
1
1
Radiograph 0-1
7
ASTM ASTM
Welder 001
1 1
A A
2
Radiograph 1-2
1 XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
22
XYZ Co.
ASTM ASTM
Welder 001 001 Welder
1 1
A A
33
3
ASTM ASTM
Welder 001
1 1
A A
6
4
2 XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
44 5
XYZ XYZ Co. Co.
ASTM ASTM
1
Welder 001 001 1 Welder
A A
55
51 5
ASTM ASTM ASTM ASTM
111
Welder Welder 001 001 1
A A AA
62 6
3 XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
XYZXYZ Co.Co.
ASTM ASTM
ASTM ASTM
4
66
Welder 001 001 Welder
11 1
A A A
77
7
Welder001 0010 7 Welder 1
1A
A
0
XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
1
0
XYZ Co.
ASTM ASTM
Welder 001 001 1 Welder
A A
1
1
Radiograph 0-1
XYZ Co.
4
1
A
Welder 001
11
A A
2
XYZ Co.
ASTM
2
Welder 001
1
A
3
3
ASTM
Welder 001
1
A
4
Radiograph 1-2
XYZ XYZ Co. XYZCo. Co.
ASTM
Welder 001
XYZ Co.
ASTM ASTM
5
51 5
Test Results (examples only) Radiograph Identification
XYZ Co.
ASTM ASTM ASTM
Welder Welder 001 Welder001 001
111
A AA
62 6
6
XYZXYZ Co.Co.
ASTM
Welder 001
1
A
7
7
ASTM ASTM
Welder001 0010 7 Welder 1
1A
A
Indication
0-1
Porosity
Accepted
1-2
Slag Inclusions
Accepted
2-3
LOF
Rejected
3-4
Negative to Indication
Accepted
4-5
Porosity
Accepted
5-6
Slag Inclusions
Accepted
6-7
LOP
Rejected
7-0
LOP
Rejected
0
RT Exposure – DWE/SWV Technique DWE/SWV - Double Wall Exposure/Single Wall Viewing 0
XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
Pipe Size : 8 inches
1 1
0
XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
ASTM ASTM
Welder 001 001 1 Welder
A A A
1 1
1
Radiograph 0-1
3
ASTM ASTM ASTM
Welder 001 001 Welder
1 1
A A
Radiograph 1-2
1 XYZ Co. Co. XYZ Co. XYZ
2
22
XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
ASTM ASTM ASTM
Welder Welder 001 001 001 Welder
11 1
AA A
3
33
ASTM ASTM ASTM
1
Welder 001 001 11 Welder
A A A
X or Ɣ Source Exposure 1
Exposure 2
0
3
1
1
2
Film
Film
Exposure 3
Exposure 4
0
2
2
2
3
3
Film
1
0
Film
0 4
RT Exposure – DWE/SWV Technique DWE/SWV - Double Wall Exposure/Single Wall Viewing XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
0
Pipe Size : 8 inches
0
XYZ Co.
ASTM ASTM
1
Welder 001 001 1 Welder
A A
1
1
ASTM ASTM
Welder 001
1 1
A A
2
3
1
XYZ Co. Co. XYZ
XYZ Co.
ASTM ASTM
ASTM ASTM
2
22
Test Results (examples only) Radiograph Identification
Welder 001 001 Welder
1 1
A A
33
3
Welder 001
1 1
A A
0 4
Indication
Evaluation
0-1
Porosity
Accepted
1-2
Slag Inclusions
Accepted
2-3
LOF
Rejected
3-0
Negative to Indication
Accepted
2 - 3 R1
Porosity
Accepted
R1 - Repair 1
RT Exposure – DWE/DWV Technique Applicable for 3.5 inches O.D and below DWE/DWV - Double Wall Exposure/Double Wall Viewing (Ellipse)
X or Ɣ Source Exposure 1
Exposure 2
0 deg
90 deg
Rotated 90 degrees Film
IQI with letter F
0 degrees
90
A 1
ASTM
0
IQI with letter F
90 degrees
RT Exposure – DWE/DWV Technique Applicable for 3.5 inches O.D and below DWE/DWV - Double Wall Exposure/Double Wall Viewing (Ellipse)
X or Ɣ Source Exposure 1
Exposure 2
0 deg
90 deg
Rotated 90 degrees Film
IQI with letter F
90
A 1
ASTM
0
IQI with letter F
0 degrees
90 degrees
Test Results (examples only) Radiograph Identification
Indication
Evaluation
0 deg
LOP
Rejected
90 deg
Porosity
Accepted
0 deg R1
Porosity
Accepted
ASME V – Article 2 Requirements Radiographic Density Radiation Source Density X –ray
1.8 to 4.0
Gamma-ray
2.0 to 4.0
Industry Requirements Industry Requirements Radiographic Density: 2.0 – 3.0
2.0 – 3.0
Image Quality Indicator (IQI) or Penetrameter 4T dia. 6 Wires, Equally Spaced, Encapsulated Between Clear Vinyl Sheets
ASTM
Material Grade Number
1
A
Wire Type
Set Identification Letters
2T dia.
3/8”
X X
Lead Identification
T dia.
1”
Place Identification Numbers Here
Hole Type
Acceptance - Rejection Criteria Codes and Standards
Title
Latest Edition
1
ASME IX
Welding and Brazing Qualifications
2007
2
ASME VIII
Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
2007
3
ASME I
Power Boilers
2007
4
ASME B31.1
Power Piping
2007
5
ASME B31.3
Process Piping
2006
6
API 650
Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
2007
7
API 1104
Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities
2006
8
AWS D1.1
Structural Welding Code Steel
2008
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
ASME IX -
Welding and Brazing Qualifications
Classification
Discontinuity
Evaluation
Linear
Crack
Rejected
Linear
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
Linear
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
Linear
Elongated Slag Inclusion
With Tolerance
Linear
Group of Aligned Slag Inclusions
With Tolerance
Rounded
Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Interpretations of Indications Length
Length, L
Width, W
Width
Linear Indications L > 3W
L < 3W
6 2
Rounded
8 2
Linear
Rounded Indications or L = 3W
L
?
3W
6
=
3x2
6 mm mm
=
L
?
3W
8
>
3x2
8 mm mm
>
6
6
ASME VIII - Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels Classification
Discontinuity
Evaluation
---
Crack
Rejected
---
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
---
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
Elongated
Elongated Indication
With Tolerance
---
Group of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Isolated Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Random Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Cluster rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Aligned Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
ASME I - Power Boilers Classification
Discontinuity
Evaluation
---
Crack
Rejected
---
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
---
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
Elongated
Elongated Indication
With Tolerance
---
Group of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Isolated Rounded Indication
With Tolerance
Rounded
Random Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Cluster Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Aligned Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Group of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
ASME B31.1 - Power Piping Classification
Discontinuity
Evaluation
---
Crack
Rejected
---
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
---
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
Elongated
Elongated Indication
With Tolerance
---
Group of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Isolated Rounded Indication
With Tolerance
Rounded
Random Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Cluster Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Aligned Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
---
Root Concavity
With Tolerance
ASME B31.3 - Process Piping Classification
Discontinuity
Evaluation
---
Crack
Rejected
---
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
---
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected or With Tolerance
---
Porosity
With Tolerance
---
Slags, Tungsten, Elongated
With Tolerance
---
Suck Up
With Tolerance
API 650 - Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage Classification
Discontinuity
Evaluation
---
Crack
Rejected
---
Incomplete Fusion, IF
Rejected
---
Incomplete Penetration, IP
Rejected
Elongated
Elongated Indication
With Tolerance
---
Group of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Isolated Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Random Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Cluster rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Aligned Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
Rounded
Groups of Aligned Rounded Indications
With Tolerance
API 1104 - Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities Classification
Discontinuity
Evaluation
---
Crack
Rejected
---
Inadequate Penetration, IP
With Tolerance
---
Inadequate Cross Penetration, I
With Tolerance
---
Incomplete Fusion, IF, Surface
With Tolerance
---
Incomplete Fusion, IFD, Cold Lap
With Tolerance
---
Internal Concavity, IC
With Tolerance
---
Burn-Through (BT)
With Tolerance
---
Elongated Slag Inclusions (ESI)
With Tolerance
---
Porosity, P, , HBP
With Tolerance
---
Undercutting, EU, IU
With Tolerance
---
Accumulation of Imperfections
With Tolerance
AWS D1.1 - Structural Welding Code Steel Classification
Discontinuity
Evaluation
---
Crack
Rejected
---
Incomplete Fusion
With Tolerance
---
Incomplete Penetration
With Tolerance
Elongated
Elongated Discontinuities
With Tolerance
Rounded
Rounded Discontinuities
With Tolerance
Rounded
Cluster Discontinuities
With Tolerance
---
Sum of Discontinuities
With Tolerance
---
Aligned Discontinuities
With Tolerance
Crack Acceptance Standard
Indication
Evaluation
1
ASME VIII
Crack
Rejected
2
ASME I
Crack
Rejected
3
ASME B31.1
Crack
Rejected
4
ASME B31.3
Crack
Rejected
5
API 650
Crack
Rejected
6
API 1104
Crack
Rejected
7
AWS D1.1
Crack
Rejected
8
ASME IX
Crack
Rejected
Incomplete Fusion Acceptance Standard
Indication
Evaluation
1
ASME IX
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
2
ASME VIII
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
3
ASME I
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
4
ASME B31.1
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
5
ASME B31.3
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
6
API 650
Incomplete Fusion
Rejected
7
API 1104
Incomplete Fusion, IF, Surface
With Tolerance
8
API 1104
Incomplete Fusion, IFD, Cold Lap
With Tolerance
Incomplete Penetration Acceptance Standard
Indication
Evaluation
1
ASME IX
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
2
ASME VIII
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
3
ASME I
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
4
ASME B31.1
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
5
ASME B31.3
Incomplete Penetration
Rej. or w/Tolerance
6
API 650
Incomplete Penetration
Rejected
7
API 1104
Inadequate Cross Penetration, I
With Tolerance
7
API 1104
Inadequate Penetration, IP
With Tolerance
7
API 1104
Inadequate Penetration, IPD
With Tolerance
9
AWS D1.1
Incomplete Penetration
With Tolerance
Porosity
Acceptance Standard
Classificatio n
Indicatio n
Evaluation
1
ASME B31.3
---
Porosity
With Tolerance
2
API 1104
---
Porosity
With Tolerance
Rounded Indications Acceptance Standard
Classification
Indication
Evaluation
1
ASME VIII
Rounded
Isolated Indications
With Tolerance
2
ASME I
Rounded
Isolated Indications
With Tolerance
3
ASME B31.1
Rounded
Isolated Indications
With Tolerance
4
API 650
Rounded
Isolated Indications
With Tolerance
1
ASME VIII
Rounded
Random Indications
With Tolerance
2
ASME I
Rounded
Random Indications
With Tolerance
3
ASME B31.1
Rounded
Random Indications
With Tolerance
4
API 650
Rounded
Random Indications
With Tolerance
1
ASME VIII
Rounded
Cluster Indications
With Tolerance
2
ASME I
Rounded
Cluster Indications
With Tolerance
3
ASME B31.1
Rounded
Cluster Indications
With Tolerance
4
API 650
Rounded
Cluster Indications
With Tolerance
5
AWS D1.1
Rounded
Cluster Discontinuities
With Tolerance
Elongated Indication Acceptance Standard
Classificatio n
Indication
Evaluation
1
ASME IX
Linear
Elongated Slag Inclusion
With Tolerance
2
ASME VIII
Elongated
Elongated Indication
With Tolerance
3
ASME I
Elongated
Elongated Indication
With Tolerance
4
ASME B31.1
Elongated
Elongated Indication
With Tolerance
5
API 650
Elongated
Elongated Indication
With Tolerance
6
AWS D1.1
Elongated
Elongated Discontinuities
With Tolerance
QW-191.2 Radiographic Acceptance Criteria QW-191.2.2
Acceptance Standards
(a) Linear Indications (3) any group of slag inclusions in line that have an aggregate length greater than t in a length of 12t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6L where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group
t > 6L3
> 6L3
> 6L3
L1
L4 L3
L2
12 t
QW-191.2 QW-191.2.2
Radiographic Acceptance Criteria Acceptance Standards (a) Linear Indications: Group Slags in Line t = 20 mm
36 mm
38 mm
37 mm 6mm
6mm 6.5
6.5
144 mm t = 20 mm 12t = 240 mm L = 6.5 mm 6L = 39 mm
6 + 6.5 + 6.5 + 6 mm > t 25 mm > 24 mm 38 mm < 6L 38 mm < 6 x 6.5 mm 38 mm < 39 mm
Rejected
Aligned Indications Acceptance Standard
Classificatio n
Indication
Evaluation
1
ASME VIII
Rounded
Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
2
ASME I
Rounded
Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
3
ASME B31.1
Rounded
Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
4
API 650
Rounded
Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
5
AWS D1.1
---
Aligned Discontinuities
With Tolerance
Groups of Aligned Indications Acceptance Standard 1
ASME IX
Classificatio n
Indication
Evaluation
Linear
Group of Aligned Slag Inclusions
With Tolerance
2
ASME VIII
---
Groups of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
2
ASME VIII
Rounded
Groups of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
3
ASME I
---
Groups of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
3
ASME I
Rounded
Groups of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
4
ASME B31.1
---
Groups of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
4
ASME B31.1
Rounded
Groups of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
5
API 650
---
Group of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
5
API 650
Rounded
Groups of Aligned Indications
With Tolerance
Various Indications Acceptance Standard
Classificatio n
Indication
Evaluation
1
ASME B31.3
---
Slags, Tungsten, Elongated
With Tolerance
2
ASME B31.3
---
Suck Up
With Tolerance
2
API 1104
---
Accumulation of Imperfections
With Tolerance
3
API 1104
---
Burn-through
With Tolerance
3
API 1104
---
Internal Concavity, IC
With Tolerance
4
API 1104
---
Slag Inclusions
With Tolerance
4
API 1104
---
Undercutting
With Tolerance
5
AWS D1.1
Rounded
Rounded Discontinuities
With Tolerance
5
AWS D1.1
---
Sum of Discontinuities
With Tolerance
QW-190 QW-191
OTHER TESTS AND EXAMINATIONS Radiographic Examination
QW-191.1 Method The radiographic examination in QW-142 for welders and in QW-143 for welding operators shall meet the requirements of Article 2, Section V, except as follows: (a) A written radiographic examination procedure is not required. Demonstration of density and image quality requirements on production or technique radiographs shall be considered satisfactory evidence of compliance with Article 2 of Section V. (b) Final acceptance of radiographs shall be based on the ability to see the prescribed image and the specified hole of a hole-type image quality indicator (IQI) or the designated wire of a wire-type IQI. The acceptance standards of QW-191.2 shall be met. Note: Requires approved written procedure and personnel certification
QW-191.2 Radiographic Acceptance Criteria QW-191.2.2
Acceptance Standards
(a) Linear Indications (2) any elongated slag inclusion which has a length greater than (a) 1⁄8 in. (3 mm) for t up to 3⁄8 in. (10 mm), inclusive (b) 1⁄3t for t over 3⁄8 in. (10 mm) to 21⁄4 in. (57 mm), inclusive (c) 3⁄4 in. (19 mm) for t over 21⁄4 in. (57 mm)
t, mm ≤ 10 mm > 10 to 57 mm > 57 mm
Maximum Acceptable Size of Indication 3 mm 1/3 t mm 19 mm
QW-191.2 QW-191.2.2
Radiographic Acceptance Criteria Acceptance Standards (a) Linear Indications: Elongated Slag Inclusions
4 mm
8 mm
> 3 mm
4 mm < 6.67 mm
20 mm
Rejected
Accepted
1 x 20 mm = 6.67 mm 3
60 mm
20 mm > 19 mm
Rejected
QW-191.2 Radiographic Acceptance Criteria QW-191.2.2
Acceptance Standards
(a) Linear Indications (3) any group of slag inclusions in line that have an aggregate length greater than t in a length of 12t, except when the distance between the successive imperfections exceeds 6L where L is the length of the longest imperfection in the group
t > 6L3
> 6L3
> 6L3
L1
L4 L3
L2
12 t
QW-191.2 QW-191.2.2
Radiographic Acceptance Criteria Acceptance Standards (a) Linear Indications: Group Slags in Line t = 20 mm
36 mm
38 mm
37 mm 6mm
6mm 6.5
6.5
144 mm t = 20 mm 12t = 240 mm L = 6.5 mm 6L = 39 mm
6 + 6.5 + 6.5 + 6 mm > t 25 mm > 20 mm 38 mm < 6L 38 mm < 6 x 6.5 mm 38 mm < 39 mm
Rejected
QW-191.2 Radiographic Acceptance Criteria QW-191.2.2
Acceptance Standards
QW-191.2.2
Acceptance Standards
Welder and welding operator performance tests by radiography of welds in test assemblies shall be judged unacceptable when the radiograph exhibits any imperfections in excess of the limits specified below. (b) Rounded Indications (1) The maximum permissible dimension for rounded indications shall be 20% of t or 1⁄8 in. (3 mm), whichever is smaller.
t
Maximum Acceptable Rounded Indication < 3 mm or 20% of t whichever is smaller
QW-191.2 QW-191.2.2
Radiographic Acceptance Criteria Acceptance Standards (b) Rounded Indications: Maximum Permissible Dimension for Rounded Indication 2 mm
t = 8 mm
Maximum Acceptable Rounded Indication 20% of t 20% of 8 = 1.6 mm Apply 1.6 mm because it is smaller than 3 mm
2.0 mm > 1.6 mm
Rejected
QW-191.2 Radiographic Acceptance Criteria QW-191.2.2
Acceptance Standards
(b) Rounded Indications (2) For welds in material less than 1⁄8 in. (3 mm) in thickness, the maximum number of acceptable rounded indications shall not exceed 12 in a 6 in. (150 mm) length of weld. A proportionately fewer number of rounded indications shall be permitted in welds less than 6 in. (150 mm) in length.
t < 3 mm 12
1
150 mm Maximum Acceptable Rounded Indications 12 in 150 mm length of weld
QW-191.2 QW-191.2.2
Radiographic Acceptance Criteria Acceptance Standards (b) Rounded Indications: Maximum No. of rounded indication
t = 2.5 mm 13
1
150 mm
13 rounded indication > 12 rounded indication
Rejected
SUPERCEDED
Process Piping
Process Piping
Process Piping
Process Piping
Process Piping
Process Piping
Oxygen Bleach
Process Piping
Oxygen Mixer
Power Boilers
Boilers steam drum
Power Boilers
Oil Storage Tank
Oil Storage Tank
Oil Storage Tank
Oil Storage Tank
www.asme.org American Society of Mechanical Engineers Founded in 1880
ASME was founded in 1880 by prominent mechanical engineers, led by Alexander Lyman Holley (1832-1882), Henry Rossiter Worthington (1817-1880), and John Edson Sweet (1832-1916).
www.astm.org American Society for Testing and Materials Founded in 1898
ASTM International, originally known as the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), was formed over a century ago, when a forwardthinking group of engineers and scientists got together to address frequent rail breaks in the burgeoning railroad industry.
www.api.org American Petroleum Institute Founded in 1919
The American Petroleum Institute was established on March 20, 1919 API's mission is to influence public policy in of a strong, viable U.S. oil and natural gas industry essential to meet the energy needs of consumers in an efficient, environmentally responsible manner.
www.aws.org American Welding Society Founded in 1919
The American Welding Society (AWS) was founded in 1919 as a multifaceted, nonprofit organization with a goal to advance the science, technology and application of welding and related ing disciplines. From factory floor to high-rise construction, from military weaponry to home products, AWS continues to lead the way in ing welding education and technology development to ensure a strong, competitive and exciting way of life for all Americans.
NDT Procedures Codes and Standards
Title
Latest Edition
Price
1
AWS D1.1
Structural Welding Code Steel
2008
$392.00
2
ASME V
Nondestructive Examination
2007
$435.00
3
ASTM Vol. 03.03
Nondestructive Testing
2008
$272.00
4
API 1104
Welding Of Pipelines And Related Facilities
2006
$277.00
Acceptance-Rejection Criteria Codes and Standards
Title
Latest Edition
Price
1
ASME IX
Welding and Brazing Qualifications
2007
$450
2
ASME VIII
Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels
2007
$610
3
ASME I
Power Boilers
2007
$395
4
ASME B31.1
Power Piping
2007
$315
5
ASME B31.3
Process Piping
2006
$320
6
API 650
Welded Steel Tanks for Oil Storage
2007
$399
7
API 1104
Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities
2006
$277
8
AWS D1.1
Structural Welding Code Steel
2008
$392
NDT Procedures Codes and Standards
Title
Latest Edition
1
AWS D1.1
Structural Welding Code Steel
2008
2
ASME V
Nondestructive Examination
2007
3
ASTM Vol. 03.03
Nondestructive Testing
2008
4
API 1104
Welding Of Pipelines And Related Facilities
2006
ASTM Volume 03.03 Nondestructive Testing
Pressure Vessel
Power Piping
Welder & Test Coupon
Process Piping
Power Boilers
Oil Storage Tank
Pipelines
Structural Steel
Interpretations of Indications Length
Length, L
Width, W
Width
Linear Indications L > 3W
L < 3W
3 1
Rounded 5 1.5
Linear
Rounded Indications or L = 3W
L
?
3W
3
=
3x1
L
?
3W
5
>
3 x 1.5
Related Documents 2w1qw
Pws Convention Presentation 2b554o
April 2022 0
Makalah Pws 2d131q
April 2020 24
Pws Kia 4z3s3o
December 2020 0
Pws Imunisasi 1yc4a
May 2020 6
Warsaw Convention Vs. Montreal Convention vn2a
November 2019 53
Kak K3 Pkm Pws 1f5y32
April 2020 24More Documents from "benj" 5j5r41
Vl 2p2a4q
July 2022 0
Pws Convention Presentation 2b554o
April 2022 0
Let Major In English And Literature Supplementary Reviewer 611o3s
November 2020 0
Monetary Tools Of The Bangko Sentral Ng Pilipinas 294z47
November 2021 0
Enhancing Community-police Relations In Barangay 143 Pasay City 1a68u
December 2021 0