Present Perfect Simple Vs Present Perfect Progressive r5h68

Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Progressive

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Present Perfect Simple – Present Perfect Progressive http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/prepersim-preperpro[25/02/2012 10:15:00 CH]

Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Progressive

Exercises and Tests

Form Present Perfect Simple

Present Perfect Progressive

irregular verbs: form of 'have' + 3rd column of irregular verbs Example: I / you / we / they have spoken he / she / it has spoken regular verbs: form of 'have' + infinitive + ed

form of 'have' + been + verb + ing   Example: I / you / we / they have been speaking he / she / it has been speaking

Example: I / you / we / they have worked he / she / it has worked Exceptions Exceptions when adding 'ed' : when the final letter is e, only add d

Exceptions when adding 'ing' :

Example: love - loved

silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for ee)

after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled

Example: come - coming aber: agree - agreeing

Example: it - itted

after a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled

final l is always doubled in British English (not in American English)

Example: sit - sitting

Example: travel - travelled after a consonant, final y becomes i (but: not after a vowel) Example: worry - worried but: play - played

after a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in British English (but not in American English). Example: travel - travelling final ie becomes y. Example: lie - lying

See also explanations on Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Progressive

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Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Progressive

Both tenses are used to express that an action began in the past and is still going on or has just finished. In many cases, both forms are correct, but there is often a difference in meaning: We use the Present Perfect Simple mainly to express that an action is completed or to emphasise the result. We use the Present Perfect Progressive to emphasise the duration or continuous course of an action.

Result or duration? Do you want to express what has happened so far or how long an action has been going on yet? Present Perfect Simple Result (what / how much / how often) I have written 5 letters. / I have been to London twice.

Present Perfect Progressive Duration (how long) I have been writing for an hour.

Certain verbs The following verbs are usually only used in Present Perfect Simple (not in the progressive form). state: be, have (for possession only) Example: We have been on holiday for two weeks. senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch Example: He has touched the painting. brain work: believe, know, think, understand Example: I have known him for 3 years.

Emphasis on completion or duration? Do you want to emphasise the completion of an action or its continuous course (how has somebody spent his time)? Present Perfect Simple Emphasis on completion I have done my homework. (Meaning: My homework is completed now.)

Present Perfect Progressive Emphasis on duration I have been doing my homework. (Meaning: That's how I have spent my time. It does not matter whether the homework is completed now.)

Result or side effect? Do you want to express that a completed action led to a desired result or that the action had an unwanted side effect? Present Perfect Simple

Present Perfect Progressive unwanted side effect

desired result I have washed the car. (Result: The car is clean

Why are you so wet? - I have been washing the car. (side effect: I became wet when I was washing

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Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Progressive

now.)

the car. It does not matter whether the car is clean now.)

Time + negation: last time or beginning of an action? In negative sentences: Do you want to express how much time has past since the last time the action took place or since the beginning of the action? Present Perfect Simple since the last time

Present Perfect Progressive since the beginning

I haven't been playing that game for an hour, only I haven't played that game for years. (Meaning: It's for 10 minutes. (Meaning: It's not even an hour years ago that I last played that game.) ago that I started to play that game.)

Permanent or temporary? If an action is still going on and we want to express that it is a permanent situation, we would usually use the Present Perfect Simple. For temporary situations, we would prefer the Present Perfect Progressive. This is not a rule, however, only a tendency. Present Perfect Simple

Present Perfect Progressive temporary

permanent James has lived in this town for 10 years. (Meaning: He is a permanent resident of this town.)

James has been living here for a year. (Meaning: This situation is only temporary. Maybe he is an exchange student and only here for one or two years.)

Signal words Present Perfect Simple how often ... times

Present Perfect Progressive how long since for

Exercises on Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Progressive Result or duration: Exercise 1, Exercise 2 Certain verbs:Exercise 3 Completion or duration: Exercise 4, Exercise 5 Result or side effect: Exercise 6, Exercise 7 Since the last time or since the beginning: Exercise 8, Exercise 9 Mixed Exercises: Exercise 10, Exercise 11

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Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Progressive

Tests on Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Progressive Test 1 Test 2

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Present Perfect Simple vs Present Perfect Progressive

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