Exercises-proposed Solutions (5) 5j1bh
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ISCG6413 – Testing and Quality Assurance in IT
Exercises
Exercise 1: Below is a decision table for daily activities. Fill in the rules with true and false, and which action should be taken Conditions
R 1
R 2
R3
R 4
R 5
R 6
R 7
R 8
A weekday is chosen
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
A holiday is chosen
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F
Weather raining is chosen
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
X
X
X
X
Actions Go to work Go on a picnic
X
Stay home
X
Error MESSAGE
X
X
Conditions
R1, 2
R3,4
R5
R6
R7, 8
A weekday is chosen
T
T
F
F
F
A holiday is chosen
T
F
T
T
F
Weather raining is chosen
x
x
T
F
x
Err ms g
Go to work
Stay hom e
Go on a picnic
Err msg
Actions RESULTS
Exercise 2: Below is a decision table for reservation of meeting room. Fill in the rules with true and false, and which action Page 1 of 6
ISCG6413 – Testing and Quality Assurance in IT
Conditions
R 1
R 2
R3
R 4
R 5
R 6
R 7
R 8
No. of participants <= capacity has entered
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
A free room is chosen
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F
A valid no. has entered
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
X
X
X
X
Actions Msg: No room of the right size available
X
Msg: Room already booked
X
Msg: no. not valid Book room
X
X
X
X
X
Exercise 3: A form with two fields of drop down items: Field 1: The Employee Type. Takes values:
“Salary Based” – “Hourly Based” Field 2: The Hours Worked: <40, 40, >40 The action for payment will be as follows: - For employee based on salary, the payment will be only “the salary” regardless of the number of hours - For employee based on hourly: o If working the 40 hours, the payment will be calculated according to the “hourly wages” o If working less than 40 hours, the payment will be calculated according to the “hourly wages” and produce a report for the missing hours o If working more than 40 hours, the payment will be calculated according to the “hourly wages” up to 40 hours, and as “overtime” for hours above 40. Create the decision table. Note: As we have 5 conditions, to put all of them in one table we need 32 rules – try to create several tables with fewer conditions – then combine these tables in one simplified decision table Conditions
R1
R2
R3
R 4
R 5
R 6
R 7
R 8
R9 R10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Salary based
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
40
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
<40
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F
>40
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
Page 2 of 6
ISCG6413 – Testing and Quality Assurance in IT
Actions PAYment by salary
x
x
x
Conditions
R1
R2
R3
R 4
R 5
R 6
R 7
R 8
R9 R10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Hourly based
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
40
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
<40
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F
>40
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
x
x
Actions PAYment by wages
x
Produce absence report
x
Pay overtime
x
Conditions
R1
R2
R3
R 4
R5
R6
Employee Type Conditions Hours
S
S
S
H
H
H
R1 40
Employee Actions Type Pay by salary Hours
S
R R5 R6 <40 >4 4 4 0 0 H H H
<4 0
>4 0
X
X
X X
PAYment by wages Actions Produce Pay by salary absence PAYment by report wages Pay overtime Produce absence report Pay overtime
X 4 0
<4 X >4 0 0 X
X
X X
X
X X
X
Page 3 of 6
X
ISCG6413 – Testing and Quality Assurance in IT
Exercise 4: If you are flying with an economy ticket, there is a possibility that you may get upgraded to business class, especially if you hold a gold card in the airline's frequent flier program. If you don't hold a gold card, there is a possibility that you will get 'bumped' off the flight if it is full and you check in late. This is shown in the Figure below. Note that each box (i.e. statement) has been numbered.
Three tests have been run: Test 1: Gold card holder who gets upgraded to business class Test 2: Non-gold card holder who stays in economy Test 3: A person who is bumped from the flight What is the statement coverage of each individual test? What is the statement coverage of these three tests combined together? No. of statements: 10 Test 1 statements: 1, 2, 4, 5 coverage: 4/10 = 40% Test 2 statements: 1, 6, 7, 5 coverage: 4/10 = 40% Test 3 statements: 1, 6, 8, 10 coverage: 4/10 = 40% Overall statements covered: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,10 coverage: 8/10 = 80% Exercise 5: Given the state diagram in the Figure below. What is the test case that gives the minimum series to test all the transitions Page 4 of 6
ISCG6413 – Testing and Quality Assurance in IT
What is the test case that gives the minimum series to test all the states
To test all the states: To test all the transitions:
SS – S1 – S2 –S4 –S1 – S3 - ES SS – S1 - S2 – S4 – S1 – S3 – S4 –S1 –S3 - ES
Exercise 6: Decision table exercise If you hold an 'over 60s' rail card, you get a 34% discount on whatever ticket you buy. If you are traveling with a child (under 16), you can get a 50% discount on any ticket if you hold a family rail card, otherwise you get a 10% discount. You can only hold one type of rail card. Produce a decision table showing all the combinations of fare types and resulting discounts and derive test cases from the decision table. Conditions
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R 7
R 8
Over 60s
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
Travel with Conditions a child
T R1, 5
T R2
F
T
F
F
Hold family Over card 60s
T X (don’ t 50% care)
F T
F R3, 4 T T
F
T
F
F
F
T
50 % F
10 %
0
T
34 % T
0
Travel with a child
34 % F
Hold family card
T
F
X
F
X
Actions DISCOUNT
34%
Actions DISCOUNT
T R6
F
T
R7, 8
Page 5 of 6
50%
34%
34%
10 %
0
ISCG6413 – Testing and Quality Assurance in IT
Exercise 7: State transition exercise A website shopping basket starts out as empty. As purchases are selected, they are added to the shopping basket. Items can also be removed from the shopping basket. When the customer decides to check out, a summary of the items in the basket and the total cost are shown, for the customer to say whether this is OK or not. If the contents and price are OK, then you leave the summary display and go to the payment system. Otherwise you go back to shopping (so you can remove items if you want). a. Produce a state diagram showing the different states and transitions. b. Define a test, in of the sequence of states, to cover all transitions. c. Produce a state table. Give an example test for an invalid transition. Exercise 8: Statement and decision testing exercise A vending machine dispenses either hot or cold drinks. If you choose a hot drink (e.g. tea or coffee), it asks if you want milk (and adds milk if required), then it asks if you want sugar (and adds sugar if required), then your drink is dispensed. a. Draw a control flow diagram for this example. (Hint: regard the selection of the type of drink as one statement.) b. Given the following tests, what is the statement coverage achieved? What is the decision coverage achieved? Test 1: Cold drink Test 2: Hot drink with milk and sugar c. What additional tests would be needed to achieve 100% statement coverage? What additional tests would be needed to achieve 100% decision coverage?
Page 6 of 6
Exercises
Exercise 1: Below is a decision table for daily activities. Fill in the rules with true and false, and which action should be taken Conditions
R 1
R 2
R3
R 4
R 5
R 6
R 7
R 8
A weekday is chosen
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
A holiday is chosen
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F
Weather raining is chosen
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
X
X
X
X
Actions Go to work Go on a picnic
X
Stay home
X
Error MESSAGE
X
X
Conditions
R1, 2
R3,4
R5
R6
R7, 8
A weekday is chosen
T
T
F
F
F
A holiday is chosen
T
F
T
T
F
Weather raining is chosen
x
x
T
F
x
Err ms g
Go to work
Stay hom e
Go on a picnic
Err msg
Actions RESULTS
Exercise 2: Below is a decision table for reservation of meeting room. Fill in the rules with true and false, and which action Page 1 of 6
ISCG6413 – Testing and Quality Assurance in IT
Conditions
R 1
R 2
R3
R 4
R 5
R 6
R 7
R 8
No. of participants <= capacity has entered
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
A free room is chosen
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F
A valid no. has entered
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
X
X
X
X
Actions Msg: No room of the right size available
X
Msg: Room already booked
X
Msg: no. not valid Book room
X
X
X
X
X
Exercise 3: A form with two fields of drop down items: Field 1: The Employee Type. Takes values:
“Salary Based” – “Hourly Based” Field 2: The Hours Worked: <40, 40, >40 The action for payment will be as follows: - For employee based on salary, the payment will be only “the salary” regardless of the number of hours - For employee based on hourly: o If working the 40 hours, the payment will be calculated according to the “hourly wages” o If working less than 40 hours, the payment will be calculated according to the “hourly wages” and produce a report for the missing hours o If working more than 40 hours, the payment will be calculated according to the “hourly wages” up to 40 hours, and as “overtime” for hours above 40. Create the decision table. Note: As we have 5 conditions, to put all of them in one table we need 32 rules – try to create several tables with fewer conditions – then combine these tables in one simplified decision table Conditions
R1
R2
R3
R 4
R 5
R 6
R 7
R 8
R9 R10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Salary based
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
40
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
<40
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F
>40
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
Page 2 of 6
ISCG6413 – Testing and Quality Assurance in IT
Actions PAYment by salary
x
x
x
Conditions
R1
R2
R3
R 4
R 5
R 6
R 7
R 8
R9 R10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Hourly based
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
40
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
<40
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F
T
T
F
F
>40
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
T
F
x
x
Actions PAYment by wages
x
Produce absence report
x
Pay overtime
x
Conditions
R1
R2
R3
R 4
R5
R6
Employee Type Conditions Hours
S
S
S
H
H
H
R1 40
Employee Actions Type Pay by salary Hours
S
R R5 R6 <40 >4 4 4 0 0 H H H
<4 0
>4 0
X
X
X X
PAYment by wages Actions Produce Pay by salary absence PAYment by report wages Pay overtime Produce absence report Pay overtime
X 4 0
<4 X >4 0 0 X
X
X X
X
X X
X
Page 3 of 6
X
ISCG6413 – Testing and Quality Assurance in IT
Exercise 4: If you are flying with an economy ticket, there is a possibility that you may get upgraded to business class, especially if you hold a gold card in the airline's frequent flier program. If you don't hold a gold card, there is a possibility that you will get 'bumped' off the flight if it is full and you check in late. This is shown in the Figure below. Note that each box (i.e. statement) has been numbered.
Three tests have been run: Test 1: Gold card holder who gets upgraded to business class Test 2: Non-gold card holder who stays in economy Test 3: A person who is bumped from the flight What is the statement coverage of each individual test? What is the statement coverage of these three tests combined together? No. of statements: 10 Test 1 statements: 1, 2, 4, 5 coverage: 4/10 = 40% Test 2 statements: 1, 6, 7, 5 coverage: 4/10 = 40% Test 3 statements: 1, 6, 8, 10 coverage: 4/10 = 40% Overall statements covered: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,10 coverage: 8/10 = 80% Exercise 5: Given the state diagram in the Figure below. What is the test case that gives the minimum series to test all the transitions Page 4 of 6
ISCG6413 – Testing and Quality Assurance in IT
What is the test case that gives the minimum series to test all the states
To test all the states: To test all the transitions:
SS – S1 – S2 –S4 –S1 – S3 - ES SS – S1 - S2 – S4 – S1 – S3 – S4 –S1 –S3 - ES
Exercise 6: Decision table exercise If you hold an 'over 60s' rail card, you get a 34% discount on whatever ticket you buy. If you are traveling with a child (under 16), you can get a 50% discount on any ticket if you hold a family rail card, otherwise you get a 10% discount. You can only hold one type of rail card. Produce a decision table showing all the combinations of fare types and resulting discounts and derive test cases from the decision table. Conditions
R1
R2
R3
R4
R5
R6
R 7
R 8
Over 60s
T
T
T
T
F
F
F
F
Travel with Conditions a child
T R1, 5
T R2
F
T
F
F
Hold family Over card 60s
T X (don’ t 50% care)
F T
F R3, 4 T T
F
T
F
F
F
T
50 % F
10 %
0
T
34 % T
0
Travel with a child
34 % F
Hold family card
T
F
X
F
X
Actions DISCOUNT
34%
Actions DISCOUNT
T R6
F
T
R7, 8
Page 5 of 6
50%
34%
34%
10 %
0
ISCG6413 – Testing and Quality Assurance in IT
Exercise 7: State transition exercise A website shopping basket starts out as empty. As purchases are selected, they are added to the shopping basket. Items can also be removed from the shopping basket. When the customer decides to check out, a summary of the items in the basket and the total cost are shown, for the customer to say whether this is OK or not. If the contents and price are OK, then you leave the summary display and go to the payment system. Otherwise you go back to shopping (so you can remove items if you want). a. Produce a state diagram showing the different states and transitions. b. Define a test, in of the sequence of states, to cover all transitions. c. Produce a state table. Give an example test for an invalid transition. Exercise 8: Statement and decision testing exercise A vending machine dispenses either hot or cold drinks. If you choose a hot drink (e.g. tea or coffee), it asks if you want milk (and adds milk if required), then it asks if you want sugar (and adds sugar if required), then your drink is dispensed. a. Draw a control flow diagram for this example. (Hint: regard the selection of the type of drink as one statement.) b. Given the following tests, what is the statement coverage achieved? What is the decision coverage achieved? Test 1: Cold drink Test 2: Hot drink with milk and sugar c. What additional tests would be needed to achieve 100% statement coverage? What additional tests would be needed to achieve 100% decision coverage?
Page 6 of 6
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