Eriks - O-rings - Technical Handbook 5v7g

Sealing Elements Technical Handbook O-rings

Contents Introduction .............................................................

2

1. O-ring Standards ...............................................

3

2. O-ring Sealing Principles ....................................

4

3. O-ring Applications ...........................................

7

4. Basic Elastomers ...............................................

9

5. Deg with Rubber ...................................... 22 6.

Compound Selection ......................................... 32 • Standard compounds ..................................... 35 • Vulc-O-Rings compounds ............................... 36 • Specials .......................................................... 37 • Viton® compounds ......................................... 39 • Kalrez® compounds ......................................... 47 • Encapsulated Teflex compounds ...................... 60 • Metal C- and O-rings ...................................... 69 • Data sheets .................................................... 85 • Water-Steam .................................................. 86 • Metal detectable ........................................... 86 • Food - Pharma .............................................. 87 • Vacuum ......................................................... 93 • with plastics ...................................... 94 • High purity - FDA - USP .................................. 94 • Permeability .................................................... 95 • Explosive decompression ................................ 96 • Mineral oils ..................................................... 97 • Fuels .............................................................. 99 • Temperature ................................................... 100 • Abrasion ......................................................... 101 • Ozone ............................................................. 102 • Radiation ........................................................ 102 • Shielding ........................................................ 102 • Colours ........................................................... 103 • Thermal expansion ......................................... 104 • Surfaplus modification ................................... 105 • Bio-Hygienic® ............................................... 108

12. O-ring Gland Design Information .................................... 121 12.A Gland Design Static Axial .................................... 138 12.B Gland Design Static Radial .................................... 140 12.C Gland Design Dovetail Grooves ............................. 142 12.D Gland Design Boss Seals ...................................... 144 12.E Gland Design Dynamic Hydraulic ......................... 145 12.F Hydraulic Seals with Back-up Rings .................... 147 Standard Teflex O-ring Sizes 12.G Gland Design for Encapsulated Teflex O-rings ........ 151 12.H Gland Design for PTFE O-rings ............................ 154 12.I Grafics for O-ring deformations according to din 3771 Teil 5 ..................................................... 155 12.J Gland Design for Kalrez® O-rings ......................... 157 13. O-ring Assembling Conditions ....................................... 162 14. O-ring Size Chart ........................................................... 169 14.A A.S.568A Standard O-ring Sizes ........................... 170 14.B Metric Standard O-ring Sizes ................................ 179 14.C JIS-Sizes .............................................................. 198 15. Tolerances and Surface Imperfections ........................... 203 Surface Modifications 16. Vulc-O-ring and O-ring Cord ........................................... 212 17. O-ring Accessories ......................................................... 217 18. O-ring Kits ..................................................................... 218 19. Quad-Ring®/X-Ring ...................................................... 223 19.A Gland Design for Quad-Ring®/X-Ring .................... 224 19.B Standard Quad-Ring®/X-Ring Sizes ....................... 227 19.C For rotating Quad-Ring®/X-Ring applications .......... 235 20. Troubleshooting ............................................................. 236 21. Glossary ........................................................................ 239 22. On-line tools / Conversion Tables .................................... 248

7. Specifications .................................................... 111

23. A. Approvals and Acknowledgements ............................ 253 B. Applications and Markets .......................................... 254

8. Qualifications .................................................... 116

24. ERIKS’ Global Network & Technical Service .................... 255

9. Test Procedures ................................................ 117 10. Control ............................................................. 126 11. Storage ............................................................ 127 1 All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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Introduction

Responsibility

ERIKS started the distribution of O-Rings in 1952. From this very modest beginning in Alkmaar (the Netherlands), ERIKS has become a world leader in the production and distribution of O-Rings and elastomeric seals. ERIKS has 2000 collaborators in 50 locations worldwide. We produce and distribute seals, gaskets, rubberproducts, engineering plastics, valves and hoses.

The information in this catalog is based on years of accumulated experience in seal technology and is intended for the use of individuals having technical expertise in the field of seal design. Gland designs are according the latest developments and can differ slightly from previous issues. Due to the large variety of applications and operating parameters, the , through his own testing and analysis, is solely responsible for making the final selection of product and assuring that all performance and safety requirements are met. Please an ERIKS representative for assistance in making your selection as required. The products, features, specifications, and design information in this catalog are subject to change by ERIKS at any time without notice.

Our focus on new markets and new applications has caused ERIKS to expand in many O-Ring applications from standard industrial to high tech semiconductor-applications. Our 25 year business relationship with DuPont Performance Elastomers on Viton® and Kalrez® seals, our 16.000 different stock items worldwide, our one-day service production, our highly qualified engineering staff are only a few examples of our goal: to be your partner for high performance seals throughout the world. ERIKS seals are manufactured in accordance with state of the art production and quality control procedures to satisfy the most demanding quality requirements of any industry. ERIKS inventory policies insure that a wide assortment of seals and fluid sealing products are readily available. As your value-added partner, ERIKS offers the technical expertise to provide customized solutions to your seal requirements. Because of our tremendous technical experience, special applications are no problem for ERIKS. Whether your requirement is for large quantities of durable molded goods or small quantity engineered prototypes -ERIKS is your total seal source.

ERIKS O-ring advantages: • Quality Plus: an integrated system of Quality Control • A world-wide network for standard compounds • A broad range of special compounds • Quick supply production • Official Viton® licensee and authorised Kalrez® distributor from Dupont Performance Elastomers • High purity compounds • Engineered solutions to problems • Logistics solutions • Controlled by independent labs

ERIKS offers not only a broad range of products but a broad range of services as well. When you need seal solutions ERIKS will be standing by to offer superior technical , customer service, and inventories to satisfy your seal requirements quickly and properly. The ERIKS organization is set up to allow direct between you and our seal specialists. Please call for additional information on these products or any other seal requirements you may have.

2 All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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1. O-ring Standards

2. O-ring Sealing Principles

The O-ring has become the world’s most popular and versatile seal due to its simple shape, low space requirements, and its availability in a vast selection of sizes and compounds to meet every industrial requirement. The ERIKS O-ring manual is intended as a guide to assist in the selection of the best O-ring out of the correct rubber compound in the right application for engineers, purchasers, and other s of O-rings. We hope that you find it both convenient and helpful. This book contains detailed information concerning elastomeric compounds, installation information, sizing tables, and groove dimensions. The dimension tables represent standards available from ERIKS inventories. These O-rings are manufactured in accordance with a variety of standards for each country:

O-rings are bi-directional seals, circular in shape and cross section. O-rings are generally made of an elastomeric material, but may be made of other materials such as PTFE or metal. This handbook deals entirely with elastomeric O-rings and PTFE encapsulated elastomeric O-rings. An O-ring seals through the deformation of the seal material by installation and media pressure to close off the gap between mating components. FIG Higher system pressures can cause deformation through the gap, known as extrusion, resulting in seal failure. Choosing a harder seal material or installing back-up rings to the fig 1-3 O-ring may alleviate this problem.

• • • • • • •

AS 568A BS 1806 DIN 3771 SMS 1586 AFNOR 47501 JIS B2401 ISO 3601

USA England Sweden Japan International

There are also military material specifications per a “MIL” designation and aerospace material specifications per a “AMS” designation. Our standard program covers 30.000 sizes in a large variety of rubber compounds for your specific purpose. Technical data and advice are available at any time. Many non-standard sizes are available upon request. Please your ERIKS representative. Our qualified staff guarantees excellent service. It’s our goal to be your partner.

-EDIA media

media Media

ERIKS O-rings are precision seal components made from a variety of elastomeric compounds . When you specify an O-ring we need to know the inside diameter (I.D.), the cross section diameter (W), and the compound Media material) from which the O-ring is to be made. (elastomer All sealing applications fall into one of two categories - those in which the seal or sealed surface moves, and those in which the seal is stationary.

ID= O-ring inside diameter w= O-ring cross section

ID

w


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2. O-ring Sealing Principles A seal that does not move, except for pulsation caused by cycle pressure, is called a static seal. Those seals that are subjected to movement are dynamic seals. These are further defined as reciprocating (seals exposed to linear motion) and rotary (stationary seals exposed to a rotating shaft). O-rings can be successfully used in static as well as dynamic applications. The rubber O-ring should be considered as an incompressible, viscous fluid having a very high surface tension. Whether by mechanical pressure from the surrounding geometry or by pressure transmitted through the hydraulic fluid or gas, this extremely viscous (elastomeric) fluid is forced to flow in the gland to produce zero clearance or a positive block to the flow of the media being sealed. The O-ring absorbs the stack-up of tolerances of the unit and its memory maintains a sealed condition. Proper seal design begins with the careful consideration of the sealing application. Appropriate material hardness, for example, is determined by the friction and pressure to which the seal will be exposed, as well as the cross sectional dimensions of the seal. Other key factors include temperature range, adjacent surfaces, and media.

Dynamic O-rings may fail by abrasion against the cylinder or piston walls. Therefore, the ing surfaces should be polished for long seal life. Moving O-rings that over ports or other surface irregularities while under pressure are quickly damaged. In deg an O-ring seal, there are usually several standard cross sectional sizes available. Selecting the best cross section depends on the application. In a reciprocating application, the choice is automatically narrowed because the design tables do not include all the standard O-ring sizes. For any given piston or rod diameter, rings with smaller cross sections tend to twist in the groove while in motion. This leads to leakage and failure. The smaller cross sections for each inside diameter are therefore omitted in the reciprocating design tables. For dynamic applications, the largest cross sectional sizes available should be used to increase stability. O-rings in reciprocating applications must be radial compressed between the bottom of the seal groove and the cylinder wall for proper sealing action. This compression or squeeze may cause the O-ring to roll slightly in its groove under certain conditions of motion, but the rolling action is not necessary for normal operation of the seal. The shape of the groove is unimportant as long as it results in proper squeeze of the O-ring. Groove dimensions are shown in the tables beginning on page 138. The groove depth is measured including the gap.


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2. O-ring Sealing Principles The tendency of an O-ring to return to its original shape when the cross section is deflected is the basic reason why O-rings make excellent seals. The squeeze or rate of compression is a major consideration in O-ring seal design. Elastomers may take up the stack-up of tolerances of the unit and its memory maintains a sealed condition. O-rings with smaller cross sections are squeezed by a higher percentage to overcome the relatively higher groove dimension tolerances.

Pressure = 0

In static applications the recommended squeeze is usually between 15-30%. In some cases the very small cross sections can even be squeezed up to 30%. In vacuum applications the squeeze can even be higher. Squeezing more than 30% induces additional stress which may contribute to early seal deterioration. In dynamic applications the recommended squeeze is between 8-16%; due to friction and wear considerations, smaller cross sections may be squeezed as much as 20%.

Pressure = 8 MPa

Leakage

O-ring deformation

0-Ring Sealing Principle

(Leakage is possible due to permeability of rubber and roughness of the surface)


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2. O-ring Sealing Principles Identifying a sealing application type Although sealing applications can be classified in many different ways. A common method for classifying sealing applications is by the type of motion experienced by the application. The common application types are depicted in the graphic on the right. Sealing tips • Provide detailed seal installation and assembly instructions, especially if the unit could be serviced by the end- of the product. When appropriate or required, specify the use of OEM sealing parts. • Within reason, the larger the cross-section, the more effective the seal. • Avoid sealing axially and radially at the same time with the same O-ring or Quad-Ring®/X-Ring • Don’t use a seal as a bearing to a load or center a shaft. This will eventually cause seal failure.

Selecting the seal material When selecting the seal material for the application, carefully consider: • The primary fluids which the O-ring or Quad-Ring®/X-Ring will seal. • Other fluids to which the seal will be exposed, such as cleaning fluids or lubricants. • The suitability of the material for the application’s temperature extremes - hot and cold. • The presence of abrasive external contaminants. • Lubricating the seal and mating components with an appropirate lubricant before assembling the unit. • Keeping the seal stationary in its groove - don’t let it spin with the rotating member. • When using back-up rings, increasing the groove width by the maximum thickness of the back-up ring. • With a face seal, don’t try to seal around a square corner. Corners must have a minimum radius of 4 times the seal cross section.

Sealing Application Types

Static

Face

Axial

Dynamic

Slow Rotation

Surface speed less than 50 fpm (15 meters/min)

Oscillating

Slow rotation with a reversal of direction

Reciprocating

Lineair motion with a reversal of direction

Rotary-

high Speed Rotation Surface speed greater than 50 fpm (15 meters/min)


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3. O-ring Applications The O-ring is one of the most popular seal choices because: 1. The O-ring is cost effective in purchase price and the cost to machine the seal groove is relatively low. 2. As a bi-directional squeeze seal, the O-ring can be used in an extremely wide variety of successful applications, both static and dynamic. 3. The O-ring material allows for maximum stretch or compression and is therefore quite easy to install, generally requiring no special tools.

Fig. 1-10

Static Applications: There are four varieties of static applications as noted below: 1. Axial The O-ring cross section is squeezed axially in the groove similar to a flat gasket. See figure 1-10.

Fig. 1-12

2. Radial The O-ring cross section is squeezed radially in the groove between the inside (ID) and outside (OD). See figure 1-11. Fig. 1-11

3. Dovetail The O-ring is also axially squeezed in a dovetail groove. The groove design allows the O-ring to be retained in the face seal during assembly and maintenance. This is beneficial for special applications where the O-ring has to be fixed by the groove e.g. a lid which opens regularly. See figure 1-12.

4. Boss Seals The O-ring is used for sealing straight thread tube fittings in a boss. A boss is a cylindrical projection on a casting or forging. The end of that projection is machined to provide a flat, smooth surface for sealing. Straight threads used with an O-ring provide a better seal than tapered threads used alone. See figure 1-13.

Q

full threads to this point

chamfer relief to hex flats should be

15° ± 5° angle and E dia

within the

45° ± 5° thread

limitations

F

thread and face of hex should not exceed

H

when measured at

diameter

E

.031 .016

height

detail

E

squareness between

min. boss

J

O Y ‘A’

.015 rad

min. spot-

for thread

face

runout

diameter

K thd.

P

rad

D dia.

this dim. applies only when tap drill can not thru entire boss

Fig. 1-13


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3. O-ring Applications

FIG

Dynamic Applications: There are three varieties of dynamic applications as noted below:

Piston seal

1. Reciprocating Reciprocating seals refer to seals used in applications that slide back and forth. This motion introduces friction, which creates design considerations different from those of static seals. The O-ring may be housed in a groove (rod seal) in the cylinder wall instead of a groove in the piston surface (piston seal) without any change in design limitations or seal performance. See figure 1-14.

Rod seal

Fig. 1-14

FIG 2. Oscillating Oscillating applications are those seeing both rotary and reciprocating movement. A valve spindle is an example of an oscillating application. See figure 1-15.

Fig. 1-15

FIG 3. Rotary Rotary seals refer to seals used in applications that rotate. See figure 1-16.

fig 1-17

Fig. 1-16

Miscellaneous Applications O-rings are used in a variety of applications. Wipers, buffers, and drive belt applications are just some of the examples. See figure 1-17.

Fig. 1-17 a Belt

Fig. 1-17 b Crush seal application


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4. Basic Elastomers 4.1. Select the elastomer Though “elastomer” is synonymous with “rubber”, it is more formally a polymer that can be modified to a state exhibiting little plastic flow and quick or nearly complete recovery from an extending force, and upon immediate release of the stress, will return to approximately its own shape. According to the definition of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) for the term “elastomer” it is essential that: *An elastomer part must not break when stretched approximately 100%. *After being stretched 100%, held for 5 minutes and then released, it must retract to within 10% of its original length within 5 minutes after release. Resistance to the media As used throughout this manual, the term “media” denotes the substance retained by the o-ring. It may be a liquid, a gas, or a mixture of both. It can even include powders or solids as well. The chemical effect of the media on the O-ring is of prime importance. It must not alter the operational characteristics or reduce the life expectancy of the o-ring. Excessive deterioration of the O-ring must be avoided. It is easy, however, to be misled on this point. A significant amount of volume shrinkage usually results in premature leakage of any O-ring seal, whether static or dynamic. On the other hand, a compound that swells excessively, or develops a large increase or decrease in hardness, tensile strength, or elongation, will often continue to serve well for a long time as a static seal, in spite of undesirable test results on elastomer compounds. The first step in selecting the correct material is to select an elastomer that is compatible with the chemical environment.

Compound A compound is a mixture of base polymer(s) and other chemicals which form a finished rubber material. More precisely, the term ‘compound’ refers to a specific blend of ingredients tailored for particular characteristics required to optimize performance in some specific service. The basis of compound design is selection of the polymer type. To the elastomer, the compounder may add reinforcing agents, such as carbon black, colored pigments, curing or vulcanizing agents, activators, plasticizers, accelerators, anti-oxidants or antiradiation addiditives. There may be hundreds of such combinations. The physics of Rubber Rubber is composed of long chains of randomly oriented molecules. These long chains are subject to entanglement and cross-linking. The entanglement has a significant impact on the viscoelastic properties such as stress relaxation. When a rubber is exposed to stress or strain energy, internal rearrangements such as rotation and extension of the polymer chains occur. These changes occur as a function of the energy applied, the duration and rate of application, as well as the temperature at which the energy is applied. ISO 1629 identifies approximately 25 elastomeric types. This chapter covers the various material types used in o-ring manufacture.

Relationship of Cross-link Denisity and Physical Properties

Physical Property

High

Low

Cross-link Density

High


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4. Basic Elastomers Acrylonitrile butadiene, Nitrile or Buna N (NBR) Nitrile, chemically, is a copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile. Acrylonitrile content varies in commercial products from 18% to 50%. As the nitrile content increases, resistance to petroleum base oils and hydrocarbon fuels increases, but low temperature flexibility decreases. Due to its excellent resistance to petroleum products, and its ability to be compounded for service over a temperature range of -30°F to +250°F (-35°C to +120°C), nitrile is the most widely used elastomer in the seal industry today. Also many military rubber specifications for fuel and oil resistant O-rings require nitrile based compounds. It should be mentioned that to obtain good resistance to low temperature, it is often necessary to sacrifice some high temperature resistance. Nitrile compounds are superior to most elastomers with regard to compression set, tear, and abrasion resistance. Nitrile compounds do not possess good resistance to ozone, sunlight, or weather. They should not be stored near electric motors or other ozone generating equipment. They should be kept from direct sunlight. However, this can be improved through compounding. NBR is the standard material for hydraulics and pneumatics. NBR resists oil-based hydraulic fluids, fats, animal and vegetable oils, flame retardant liquids (HFA, HFB, HFC), grease, water, and air. Special low-temperature compounds are available for mineral oil-based fluids. By hydrogenation, carboxylic acid addition, or PVC blending, the nitrile polymer can meet a more specified range of physical or chemical requirements.

The quality of Nitrile-compounds depends on the percentage of acrylonitrile in the base polymer. The following table indicates the change of properties as a function of acrylonitrile content.

-55°C

High

Lower

Low

Permeability

Higher

Compression set

Low

Volume change in oil

18%

-15°C

Flexibility at low temperature

Acrylonitrile %

50%

High


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4. Basic Elastomers Hydrogenated nitrile, or highly saturated nitrile (HNBR) HNBR has recently been developed to meet higher temperatures than standard NBR while retaining resistance to petroleum based oils. Obtained by hydrogenating the nitrile copolymer, HNBR fills the gap left between NBR, EPDM and FKM elastomers where high temperature conditions require high tensile strength while maintaining excellent resistance to motor oils, sour gas, amine/oil mixtures, oxidized fuels, and lubricating oils. HNBR is resistant to mineral oil-based hydraulic fluids, animal and vegetable fats, diesel fuel, ozone, sour gas, dilute acids and bases. HNBR also resists new bio-oils (biological oils). HNBR is suitable for high dynamic loads and has a good abrasion resistance. HNBR is suitable for temperatures from -30°C to +150°C (-20°F to +302°F).

Carboxylated nitrile (XNBR) The carboxyl group is added to significantly improve the abrasion resistance of NBR while retaining excellent oil and solvent resistance. XNBR compounds provide high tensile strength and good physical properties at high temperatures. XNBR is suitable for temperatures from -30°C to +150°C (-20°F to +302°F).

Nitrile/PVC resin blends (NBR/PVC) PVC resins are blended with nitrile polymers to provide increased resistance to ozone and abrasion. The PVC also provides a significant improvement in solvent resistance, yet maintains similar chemical and physical properties, commonly noted among nitrile elastomers. The addition of the PVC resins also provide a greater pigment-carrying capacity which allow better retention of pastel and bright colors.

Ethylene Propylene, and Ethylene Propylene Diene rubber (EPM, EPDM) Ethylene propylene rubber is an elastomer prepared from ethylene and propylene monomers (ethylene propylene copolymer) and at times with an amount of a third monomer (ethylene propylene terpolymers). Ethylene propylene rubber has a temperature range of -50°C to +120°/150°C (-60°F to +250°/300°F), depending on the curing system. It has a great acceptance in the sealing world because of its excellent resistance to heat, water and steam, alkali, mild acidic and oxygenated solvents, ozone, and sunlight. These compounds also withstand the affect of brake fluids and Skydrol™ and other phosphate ester-based hydraulic fluids. EPDM compounds are not recommended for gasoline, petroleum oil and grease, and hydrocarbon environments. Special EPDM compounds have good resistance to steam. • EPDM Sulphur cured: inexpensive material for normal use, maximum temperature of +120°C (+250°F). • EPDM Peroxide cured: for hot water, vapor, alcohols, ketones, engine coolants, organic and inorganic acids and bases. Not resistant to mineral oils. For maximum temperatures of +150°C (+300°F).


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4. Basic Elastomers Neoprene rubber Polychloroprene (CR) Neoprene rubbers are homopolymers of chloroprene (chlorobutadiene) and were among the earliest synthetic rubbers used to produce seals. CR has good aging characteristics in ozone and weather environments, along with abrasion and flex cracking resistance. CR is not effective in aromatic and oxygenated solvent environments. Neoprene can be compounded for service temperatures of -40°C to + 110°C (-40°F to +230°F). Most elastomers are either resistant to deterioration from exposure to petroleum based lubricants or oxygen. Neoprene is unusual in having limited resistance to both. This, combined with a broad temperature range and moderate cost, s for its desirability in many seal applications for refrigerants like Freon® and ammonia. CR is resistant to refrigerants, ammonia, Freon® ( R12, R13, R21, R22, R113, R114, R115, R134A), silicone oils, water, ozone, vegetable oils, alcohols, and low-pressure oxygen. CR has a very low resistance to mineral oils. Silicone rubber (VMQ) Silicones are a group of elastomeric materials made from silicone, oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon. Extreme temperature range and low temperature flexibility are characteristics of silicone compounds. As a group, silicones have poor tensile strength, tear resistance, and abrasion resistance. Special compounds have been developed with exceptional heat and compression set resistance. High strength compounds have also been made, but their strength does not compare to conventional rubber. Silicones possess excellent resistance to extreme temperatures -50°C to + 232°C (-58°F to +450°F). Some special compounds resist even higher temperatures. Retention of properties of silicone at high temperature is superior to most other elastic materials. Silicone compounds are very clean and are used in many food and medical applications because they do not impart odor or taste. Silicone compounds are not recommended for dynamic O-ring sealing applications due to relatively low tear strength and high coefficient of friction. Silicone is resistant to hot air, ozone, UV radiation, engine and transmission oils, animal and vegetable fats and oils, and brake fluids. VMQ also has low resistance to mineral oils. Silicone can be compounded to be electrically resistant, conductive, or flame retardant. Many silicone compounds have a higher than normal mold shrinkage. Therefore production molds for silicone products are often different than molds for nitrile.

12

Fluorosilicone (FVMQ) Fluorosilicone combines the good high- and low-temperature properties of silicone with limited fuel and oil resistance. Fluorosilicones provide a much wider operational temperature range than Fluorocarbon rubbers. Primary uses of fluorosilicone O-rings are in fuel systems at temperatures up to +177°C (+350°F) and in applications where the dry-heat resistance of silicone O-rings are required. Fluorosilicone O-rings may also be exposed to petroleum based oils and/or hydro-carbon fuels. In some fuels and oils; however, the high temperature limit in the fluid list is more conservative because fluid temperatures approaching 200°C (390°F) may degrade the fluid, producing acids which attack fluorosilicone O-rings. For low temperature applications, fluorosilicone O-rings seal at temperatures as low as -73°C (-100°F). Due to relatively low tear strength, high friction and limited abrasion resistance of these materials, they are generally recommended for static applications only. Fluorosilicones with high tear strength are also available. Some of these compounds exhibit improved resistance to compression set. Many fluorosilicone compounds have a higher than normal shrinkage rate so production molds for fluorosilicone products are often different from molds for nitrile. All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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4. Basic Elastomers Polyurethane rubber (AU, EU) Polyurethanes (Polyester-urethane AU), (Polyether-urethane EU) exhibit outstanding mechanical and physical properties in comparison with other elastomers. Urethanes provide outstanding resistance to abrasion and tear and have the highest available tensile strength among all elastomers while providing good elongation characteristics. Ether based urethanes (EU) are directed toward low temperature flexibility applications. The ester based urethanes (AU) provide improved abrasion, heat, and oil swell resistance. Over a temperature range of -40°C to +82°C (-40°F to +180°F), resistance to petroleum based oils, hydrocarbon fuels, oxygen, ozone and weathering is good. However, polyurethanes quickly deteriorate when exposed to acids, ketones and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Certain types of polyester-urethanes (AU) are also sensitive to water and humidity. Polyether-urethanes (EU) offer better resistance to water and humidity. The inherent toughness and abrasion resistance of polyurethane (EU) seals is particularly desirable in hydraulic systems where high pressures, shock loads, wide metal tolerances, or abrasive contamination is anticipated. Fluorocarbon rubber (FKM) Fluorocarbon elastomers have grown to major importance in the seal industry. Due to its wide range of chemical compatibility, temperature range, low compression set, and excellent aging characteristics, fluorocarbon rubber is the most significant single elastomer developed in recent history. Fluorocarbon elastomers are highly fluorinated carbon-based polymers used in applications to resist harsh chemical and ozone attack. The working temperature range is considered to be -26°C to +205°/230°C (-15°F to +400°/440°F). But for short working periods it will take even higher temperatures. Special compounds having improved chemical resistance are also available with new types always being developed. Generally speaking, with increasing fluorine content, resistance to chemical attack is improved while low temperature characteristics are diminished. There are, however, specialty grade fluorocarbons that can provide high fluorine content with low temperature properties.


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4. Basic Elastomers Fluorocarbon O-rings should be considered for use in aircraft, automobile and other mechanical devices requiring maximum resistance to elevated temperatures and to many fluids. FKM (FPM, Viton®, Fluorel®) resist mineral oils and greases, aliphatic, aromatic and also special chlorinated hydrocarbons, petrol, diesel fuels, silicone oils and greases. It is suitable for high vacuum applications. Many fluorocarbon compounds have a higher than normal mold shrinkage rate, molds for fluorocarbon products are often different from molds for Nitrile. Perfluorocarbons (FFKM) The relative inertness of fluorocarbon rubbers is provided by fluorine-carbon bonds on the elastomer backbone. Generally speaking, with increasing fluorine content, resistance to chemical attack is improved. Where fluorocarbon rubbers have a fluorine content of 63 - 68 %, the perfluorocarbons have a fluorine content of 73%. Perfluorelastomers possess excellent resistance to extreme temperatures -26°C to +260°C (-15°F to +500°F). FFKM perfuoroelastomers: (Kalrez®) offers the best chemical resistance of all elastomers. Some types are particularly suitable for hot water, steam and hot amines. Some resist temperatures up to +326°C (+620°F). Many perfluorocarbon compounds have unusual mold shrinkage, production molds for perfluorocarbon products are different from molds for nitrile. Teflon®-FEP/PFA Teflon® FEP/PFA is a copolymer of tetrafluorethylene and hexafluorpropylene. Teflon® FEP/PFA has a lower melting point than PTFE making it suitable for injection moulding. Teflon® FEP/PFA is used for encapsulation with Teflex O-rings. Teflon® FEP/PFA has a wide spectrum of chemical compatibility and temperature range and excellent aging characteristics. Maximum operating temperature for Teflon® FEP/PFA is +205°C (+400°F). A Teflon® FEP/PFA encapsulation is available for higher temperatures (260°C). TFE/P (Aflas®) (FEPM) TFE/P is a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and propylene with a fluorine content of app. 54%. This material is unique due to its resistance to petroleum products, steam, and phosphate-esters. In some respects it exhibits media compatibility properties similar to ethylene propylene and fluorocarbon. The compression set resistance at high temperatures is inferior to standard fluorocarbons. Service temperatures are -5°C (25°F) to +204°C (+400°F). TFE/P provides improved chemical resistance to a wide spectrum of automotive fluids and additives. It is resistant to engine oils of all types, engine coolants with high level of rust inhibitors, extreme pressure (EP) gear lubricants, transmission and power steering fluids, and all types of brake fluids including DOT 3, mineral oil, and silicone oil. TFE/P is ideal for heat transfer media, amines, acids and bases, as well as hot water and steam up to +170°C (+340°F).


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4. Basic Elastomers Polyacrylate rubber (ACM) Polyacrylate-Acrylic Acid Ester. These compounds are designed to withstand heat while retaining oil resistance. Specially designed for sulfur bearing oil applications , ACMs are subjected to heat and bearing environments. They have good resistance to dry heat, oxygen, sunlight, and ozone but their low temperature properties are relatively poor and they have low swell in mineral oils. Service temperatures are -20°C (-5°F) to 150°C (300°F). ACM is mainly used for O-rings and shaft seals to seal heavy oils at high temperatures and in the automotive industry for transmission and power steering applications. Epichlorohydrin (CO, ECO) Epichlorohydrin rubber compounds are noted for their superior gas impermeability and physical properties over a wide temperature range while maintaining excellent resistance to petroleum oils. It has a stable cycling capability from low to high temperature. Resistance to ozone, oxidation, weathering, and sunlight are other typical ECO qualities. Service temperatures are -51°C to150°C (-60°F to +300°F). Compounds from this polymer can exhibit a corrosive nature and can be difficult to process in manufacturing. Vamac® Ethylene Acrylate. This material exhibits properties similar to polyacrylate but can be formulated to exhibit lower temperature capabilities. It has excellent resistance to oxidation, automatic transmission, and power steering fluids. The temperature service range is -40°C to +150°C (-40°F to +300°F). Styrene Butadiene (SBR, Buna S) This material is similar to natural rubber. O-ring usage has been on decline since the introduction of ethylene propylene. SBR still finds service in brake fluid applications, although the high temperature range is inferior to that of ethylene propylene compounds. Service range for this material is -50°C to +110°C (-65°F to +225°F). Butyl (IIR) Butyl has excellent resistance to phosphate ester fluids such as Skydrol™, but has an inferior high temperature limit when compared to ethylene propylene. Butyl exhibits the best resistance to gas permeability and some rocket propellents. For O-ring applications, butyl has been all but replaced by ethylene propylene. The temperature service range for this material is -55°C to +105°C (-65°F to +225°F). Special materials ERIKS offers many possibilities in special O-rings compounds to improve certain properties like: Silicone free and Labs free Coatings - Encapsulated FEP and PFA - PTFE O-rings - Internal Lubrication - High Purity - Micro O-rings - Vulc-O-rings. Homologations ERIKS offers many compounds with homologations, like: KTW – FDA – WRC – NSF – DVGW and many more.

® 15 All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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4. Basic Elastomers Table 3A-1 Elastomer NBR EPDM CR VMQ ASTM Nitrile Neoprene Silicone

FVMQ EU Fluoro Urethane silicone

FKM Fluoro carbon

FFKM FEP/PFA Perfluoro encapsucarbon lated

GENERAL Hardness (Shore "A") 20/ 90 30/90 15/95 20/90 35/80 60/95 50/95 65/90 - Temp. range °F/°C max. 230/110 266/130 248/120 446/230 446/230 176/80 410/210 620/326 400/205 Temp. range °F/°C min. -30/-35 -67/-55 -49/-45 -67/-55 -76/-60 -22/-30 5/-15 -58/504 -76/-605 NOTE : The temperature range is strongly dependent by the specific compound Compression Set B C C A B E C B E Wear Resistance C C C E E A C C E Gas Permeability C C C E E B C C E NOTE : The compression set value for Kalrez® is relative to temperature. In low temperature applications this value is reasonable, in high temperatures this value is good to very good. Air E B C A B C B A + Alcohol B A B B B U E A + Aldehydes U B U C U U U Bfi + Aliphatic Hydrocarbons C U E E A C A A + Alkalis B A C B B B C A + Amines B1 B1 B1 E1 B1 U U Bfi + Animal Fats B U C C A C B A + Aromatic Hydrocarbons D U D U B D A A + Esters, Alkyl Phosphate U B U C U U U A + (Skydrol) Esters, Aryl Phosphate U A U C B U A A + Esters, Silicate C U E U B U A A + Ethers U E U U E E U A + Halogenated hydrocarbons U U U U B E A A + Inorganic Acids E C B B B U A A + Ketones U A A C A U U B + Mineral Oil, high analine fats B U C C B A A A + Mineral Oil, low analine fats B U U E B B A A + Organic Acids C C C B B U C A + Silicone Oils A A2 A E E A A A + Vegetable Oils A U C B B E A A + Water / Steam C A E E E U B⁄ C4 +

A B C D E U

Good Satisfactory Fair Doubtful Poor Unsatisfactory

1 2 3 4 5 +

See the list "compound selection for chemicals and fluids" EPDM may shrink Depending on FKM type Depending on compound Depending on elastomer core in general "A" because the encapsulation is FEP/PFA

This information is intended only as a guideline. Chemical compatibility lists should be consulted. ERIKS will provide this on request. Whenever possible the fluid compatibility of the O-ring compound should be rated "A". For a static seal application a rating "B" is usually acceptable, but it should be tested. Where a "B" rated compound must be used, do not expect to re-use it after disassembly. It may have swollen enough that it cannot be reassembled. When a compound rated "C" is to be tried, be sure it is first tested under the full range of operating conditions. It is also particularly important to test seal compounds under service conditions when a strong acid is to be sealed at elevated temperatures because the rate of degradation of rubber at elevated temperatures is many times greater than the rate of degradation at room temperature.


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4. Basic Elastomers

Ozone Resistance

Good Fair- Poor Poor Good Exc. Fair- Poor Good- Good Exc. Exc. Poor- Good- Exc. Good Exc. Good- Exc. Poor Exc. Exc. Good Fair- Poor Fair Good Good- Fair Good- Fair- Exc. Good Exc. Good Good- Good- Poor Exc. Exc. Exc. Exc. Fair- Fair- Exc. Good Exc.

Poor Good- Exc. Good- Exc. Exc. Poor Good- Exc. Exc. Exc.

Poor

GoodExc. Poor

Exc.

Exc.

Exc.

Exc. Exc. Exc.

Good- Exc . Exc. Exc.

GoodExc. Exc.

Good Poor- Fair Exc.

Good Poor

GoodExc. Poor

Good- Exc.

Exc.

Exc. Exc. Exc. Good- Exc. Good- Exc. Fair- Good Fair- Good

Fair

Flame Resistance

204 to 232 121 to 177 121 to 177 107 to 132 107 to 135 82 to 104 82 to 104

Steam Resistance

400 to 450 250 to 350 250 to 350 225 to 270 225 to 275 180 to 220 180 to 220

Heat Aging at 212°F (100°C)

99 to 121 121 to 149 200 to 260 104 to 149 99 to 121 93 to 121 121 to 149 204 to 260

Sunlight Resistance

Fair- -112 to -80 to Good -90 -68 Poor- -30 to 0 -34 to Good -18 Poor- -35 to -48 to Good -30 -34 Poor- -60 to -51 to Fair -40 -40 Good- -60 to -51 to Fair -15 -26 Exc. -70 to -57 to -40 -40 Poor- -65 to -54 to Good -40 -40

210 to 250 250 to 300 400 to 500 220 to 300 210 to 250 200 to 250 250 to 300 400 to 500

Weather Resistance

100- 480 100- 450 200- 650 100- 700 200- 800 300- 900 250- 900

High Temp Range °C

3.4- 3.1- 35-80 9.7 3.4 8.6- 0.7- 40-90 17.2 10.3 6.9- 0.7- 35-95 20.7 10.3 3-15 0.2-10 40-100 10-15 1-10 30-95 3.4- 0.5-0.8 20-10 34.5 6.9- 0.2- 10-100 69.0 34.5

Low Temp Range °C

20-100 100-650 Good -70 to 0 -57 to Exc. -18 30-95 90-450 Good- -50 to 0 -46 to Exc. -18 50-95 100- Good- -50 to 0 -46 to 500 Exc. -18 30-90 100- Poor- -75 to -46 to 700 Exc. -40 -18 30-100 450- Good- -75 to -59 to 600 Exc. -55 -48 15-95 100- Poor- -70 to -57 to 800 Good -30 -34 30-80 300- Poor- -70 to -57 to 850 Good -400 -40 20-90 100- Good- -178 to -117 to 900 Good -90 -68

Low Temp Range °F

2.0-15 1.7- 20.7 1.4- 13.8 0.7- 20.7 2.1- 10.3 0.7- 20.7 0.3- 3.4 6.2

High Temp Range °F

Compression Set Rating

Hardness Durometer (Shore A)

6.9- 27.6 31.0- 10.0 3.4- 20.7 2.1- 24.1 3.4- 24.1 3.4- 27.6 13.8- 20.7 1.4- 10.3

Enlongation (%)

Tensile Modulus at 100% (MPa)

NBR HNBR FKM EPDM SBR CR IIR VMQ, Si, PMQ, PVMQ FVMQ ACM EA CSM ECO NR; IR AU, EU

Tensile Strength (MPa)

Polymer

Chemical and Physical Tables

Exc.

Poor Poor Poor- Poor Fair Poor- Good- Good Exc. Fair- Poor- Good Good Fair- Poor Good Poor Poor- Good

GoodExc. Exc.

GoodExc. Exc. Exc.

Exc.


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4. Basic Elastomers

Exc. Exc. Exc. Exc. Good- Exc. Good Good- Exc.

Fair- Exc. Fair- Exc. Good- Exc. Fair- Good Fair Fair- Good Good Poor- Fair

Exc. Poor- Good Poor- Good- Fair Exc. Good- Exc. Exc. Good Good- Exc. Good Exc. Exc. Fair- Good Poor- Good- Good Exc.

Good Fair- Good Good Good Good Good- Exc. Exc.

Good- Exc. Good Good Exc. Fair- Good Exc. Exc.

Exc. Fair- Good Poor- Fair Fair- Good Good Exc. Poor- Good

Good Good- Exc. Good Fair- Good Good Good- Exc. Fair- Good

Poor- Poor- Good Exc. Fair- Poor- Good Good Good Good- Exc. Fair- Fair- Good Good Good Fair- Exc. Exc. Good- Exc. Good- Exc. Exc.

Good Fair- Good Fair- Good Fair- Good Good Fair- Good Fair- Good

Good- Exc. Good Good Exc. Good Poor Good- Exc.

Blue - - - - - -

Good Exc. Good Exc. Fair- Good Fair- Good Fair- Exc. Good- Exc. Good Poor- Good

Vacuum Weight Loss

Good Good Good Good Good- Exc. Good Good- Exc. Poor- Good

Abrasion Resistance

Tear Resistance

Resilience or Rebound Rating

RMA Color Code

Fair- Good Good- Exc. Fair- Good Fair- Good Fair- Good Good- Exc. Exc. Fair Good

Colorability

Good Good Fair- Exc. Fair- Good Fair- Exc. Fair- Good Poor- Good Good- Exc.

Adhesion to Metals

Exc. Exc. Back Exc. Exc. - Good- Good- Brown Exc. Exc. Good- Good- Purple Exc. Exc. Exc. Good - Exc. Fair Red Good Good - Good- Exc. Rust Exc.

Taste Rentention

Good Fair- Good Good Fair- Good Good Fair- Good Good Good- Exc. Good Fair- Good Fair- Fair- Good Good Good Fair- Good Good Good- Exc.

Odor

Flex Cracking Resistance

Fair- Exc. Poor- Good Good Poor- Good Poor Fair- Good Good- Exc.

Gas Permeability Rating

Water Resistance

Oxidization Resistance (AIR)

Fair- Good Good- Good Exc. Fair- Exc. Exc. Good Fair- Exc. Exc. Good Good- Exc. Exc. Exc. Poor- Fair- Good- Good Exc. Exc. Fair- Good- Fair- Good Exc. Good Poor- Exc. Good- Good Exc. Poor- Exc. Exc. Good

Vibration Dampening

NBR HNBR FKM EPDM SBR CR IIR VMQ, Si, PMQ, PVMQ FVMQ ACM EA CSM ECO NR, IR AU, EU

Radiation Resistance

Polymer


Good- Exc. Good- Exc. Good

Good Good

Good

Exc.

Good- Exc. Good- Exc. Fair- Good Poor- Good

Poor

Poor

Exc.

Fair- Good Good- Exc. Good- Exc. Fair- Good Good- Exc. Exc.

Good

Exc.

Fair Exc. Exc.

FairGood Fair Good Poor Good


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4. Basic Elastomers

Good Good Fair- Good Exc. Fair- Good Good Good Exc. Poor- Fair

Poor- Good Poor- Good Poor Exc. Fair- Good Poor Good Exc. Poor- Exc.

Poor Good Poor Fair- Good Poor- Good Poor- Good Good Good

Good- Exc. Good- Exc. Exc. Good Poor- Good Good

Poor Fair Poor- Fair Good- Exc. Poor- Good Fair

Good- Exc. Poor

Poor

Poor

Poor

Poor

Poor

Good- Exc. Good

Good Good

Poor- Good Poor- Fair

Good-

Exc. Fair Good Exc. Good Fair- Exc. Fair- Good

Good Poor- Fair Poor- Fair Good- Exc. Poor- Fair Poor- Good Poor

Good Poor

Fair Poor

Fair- Exc. Poor

Poor Poor

Exc. Fair

Good Fair

Poor Poor

Exc. Good

Poor Poor

Good- Exc. Good

PoorFair Poor

Good- Exc. Exc. Fair Good Fair

Poor- Exc. Good Poor Fair- Good Poor

Good Exc. Exc. Fair- Good Good- Exc. Good

Fair- Good Poor- Fair Poor Good Poor

Good- Exc. Good- Exc. Fair- Good Fair- Exc. Poor- Exc.

Poor Good- Exc. Poor- Fair Fair- Good Poor

Good

Good

Poor

Poor

Poor

Poor

Good

Fair

Poor

Poor

Poor- Good Poor- Fair Poor- Fair

Exc. Poor- Good Fair- Exc.

Poor Good

Poor- Good Poor

Poor

Poor

Poor- Good

Fair- Good Good

Esters, Alkyl Phosphate

Poor- Fair Fair- Good Poor Good- Exc. Poor- Fair Poor- Fair Good Good

Dlester Oils

Amines

Fair- Good Good- Exc. Fair- Exc. Good- Exc. Good Exc. Good- Exc. Fair- Good

Brake Fluid; Dot 3, 4 & 5

Alkalies (concentrated)

Poor Fair- Good Poor- Good Fair- Good Poor- Good Poor- Good Fair- Good Fair

Animal & Vegetable oils

Alkalies (dilute)

Good Good Fair- Good Exc. Good Good- Exc. Good Good

Aldehydes (C1 thru C6)

Poor- Fair Fair- Good Good- Exc. Exc. Poor- Fair Poor Fair- Exc. Poor- Fair

Alcohols (C1 thru C4)

Acid, organic (dilute)

Good Good Good- Exc. Exc. Fair- Good Exc. Good- Exc. Fair- Good

Acid, organic (concentrated)

Acids (concentrated)

NBR HNBR FKM EPDM SBR CR IIR VMQ, Si, PMQ, PVMQ FVMQ ACM EA CSM ECO NR; IR AU, EU

Acids (dilute)

Polymer


Poor Poor

Exc.

Good

Poor Poor


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4. Basic Elastomers

L.P. Gases & Fuel Oils

Petroleum Aromatic Low Aniline

Refrigerant Ammonia

Silicone Oils

Poor Poor Poor

Fair Fair Poor

Exc. Exc. Exc.

Good- Exc. Good- Exc. Exc.

Exc.

Good

Good

Exc. Exc.

Good Poor

GoodExc. Exc.

Good- Exc. Poor- Good Poor- Fair Poor- Exc. Poor

Poor

Poor

Poor

Poor

Good

Exc.

Poor

Poor

Poor

Poor

Good

Poor

Poor Fair- Good Poor

Good Poor

Good Poor

Good Poor

Exc. Good

FairExc. Poor

Fair

Poor

Good

Exc.

PoorFair

Poor

Poor

Exc.

Good

Good

Exc.

Exc.

Poor

Poor

Good

Fair

Poor

Fair

Exc.

Poor Poor

Poor Poor

Poor Good

Poor Poor

Poor Fair

Poor- Good Good

GoodExc. Exc.

Fair Fair- Good Poor

Fair Poor

Exc. Poor

Good- Exc. Poor

Poor Poor

Poor Good

GoodExc. Good

Poor

Fair- Good

Good

Good

Poor

Exc.

Petroleum Aliphatic High Aniline

Lacquer Solvents

NBR Poor- Poor Good- Fair- Fair- Poor Fair Exc. Good Good HNBR Poor- Poor- Exc. Fair- Good- Poor- Fair Fair Good Exc. Fair FKM Exc. Poor Exc. Exc. Exc. Good- Exc. EPDM Exc. Fair Poor Poor Poor Poor SBR Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor CR Poor- poor Poor- Poor- Fair Poor Fair Good Fair IIR Exc. Poor- Poor Poor Poor Poor Fair VMQ, Si, Good Poor Poor- Poor Poor Poor PMQ, Fair PVMQ FVMQ Good- Fair Exc; Good- Exc. Good- Exc. Exc. Exc. ACM Poor Poor- Exc. Poor- Fair- Poor- Fair Good Good Good EA Poor Poor Good Poor- Fair Poor- Fair Good CSM Fair Poor Fair- Fair Fair Poor Good ECO Poor Good Good- Good Fair Poor Exc. Exc. Good NR, IR Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor Poor AU, EU Poor Fair Good- Poor- Fair- Poor- Exc. Fair Good Good

Ketones

Halogenated Solvents

Fuel, Extended (Oxygenated)

Fuel, Aromatic Hydrocarbon

Fuel, Aliphatic Hydrocarbon

Ethers

Esters, Aryl Phosphate

Polymer


Note: the chart data provides general elastomer base properties. In many design applications, special compounds are required. ERIKS, therefore, will not be responsible for the usage of this chart in any manner.


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4. Basic Elastomers Chemical , Abbreviations, and Trade Names Chemical Term Acrylonitrile Butadiene Highly Saturated Nitrile Carboxylated Nitrile Fluorocarbon Ethylene Propylene Styrene Butadiene Polychloroprene Isobutylene Isoprene Silicone Fluorosilicone Polyacrylate Ethylene Acrylic Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Epichlorohydrin Polyisoprene • Natural • Synthetic Polyurethane (Polyester or Polyether) Perfluoroelastomer

ASTM Designated Abbreviation NBR HNBR XNBR FKM EP, EPDM, EPT, EPR SBR CR IIR VMQ, PMQ, PVMQ FVMQ ACM AEM CSM ECO/CO NR IR AU or EU FFKM

Polymer Trade Names Chemigum®, Nipol®, Krynac®, Paracril®, Perbunan N®, Buna N® Therban®, Zetpol® Nipol®, Krynac®, Chemigum® Viton®, Fluorel®, Technoflon® Nordel®, Royalene® Vistalon®, Buna EP®, Keltan® Ameripol Synpol®, SBR®, Plioflex®, Stereon® Neoprene, Baypren®, Butaclor® Butyl® Silastic®, SILPLUS®, Elastosil, Wacker® FSE®, Silastic®, Sylon® Cyanacryl®, HyTemp®, Thiacril® Vamac® Hypalon® Gechron®, Hydrin® SMR®, Pale Crepe®, Smoked Sheet® Ameripol SN®, Natsyn® Adiprene®, Millathane®, Vibrathane®, Vulkolan®, PUR Kalrez®, Isolast®, Chemraz®, Simriz®, Parafluor®, Perlast

The following are ed trademarks of their respective companies: Cyancryl - American Cyanamid Co.; Ameripol CB, Ameripol SN, Ameripol Synpol - Ameripol Synpol Co.; Butaclor - distigil; Silastic - Dow Corning Corp.; Hypalon, Nordel, Vamac, Viton - DuPont Performance Elastomers; Vistalon - Exxon Chemical Co.; Stereon- Firestone Tire & Rubber Co.; FSE, SILPLUS General Electric Co.; Budene, Chemigum, Natsyn, Philoflex - Goodyear Rubber Products Corp.; Herclor - Hercules Inc.; Aflas, dyneon, sylon - Dyneon Co.; Hydrin, Hy Temp, Gechron, Nipol, Zetpol - Zeon Chemicals Inc.; Krynac, Taktene, Tornac, Perbunan N, Buna EP, Baypren, Therban - Bayer Corp.; Millathane - TSE Industries, Inc.; Adiprene, Royalene, Paracril, Thiacril, Vibrathane; Uniroyal, Inc.


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5. Deg with Rubber In deg an O-ring seal, it is important to determine the O-ring compound early, as the compound selected may have an influence on the gland design. The application determines the rubber compound, the primary factor being the fluid to be sealed. But the elastomer must also resist extrusion when exposed to the maximum anticipated pressure and be capable of maintaining good physical properties through the full temperature range expected. This chapter discusses the next criteria that must be considered like compression set, hardness, tensile strength, chemical compatibility, thermal effects, pressure, and extrusion. Data and procedures enabling the designer to meet particular requirements or obtain specific performance from the seal will be found in this chapter. Compression Set and Squeeze Compression set is the percentage of deflection that the elastomer fails to recover after a fixed period of time under a specific squeeze and temperature. Compression set is a very important sealing factor, because it is a measure of the expected loss of resiliency or "memory" of a compound. Compression set is generally determined in air and measured as a percentage of original deflection. Although it is desirable to have a low compression set value, this is not so critical as it might appear because of actual service variables. For instance, an O-ring may continue to seal after taking a 100% compression set, provided the temperature and system pressure remain steady and no motion or force causes a break in the line of seal . Also, swelling caused by with the service fluid, may compensate for compression set. The condition most to be feared is the combination of high compression set and shrinkage. This will lead to seal failure unless exceptionally high squeeze is employed. Compression set is calculated as follows:

t0 - t1 t0 - ts

C=

x 100 %

Load

Squeeze

Compression set c

t0

t1

ts Original O-ring W

Under Load

After test and 30 min. relaxation

Compression set illustration


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5. Deg with Rubber Lower compression set values indicate improved remaining seal capacity. Compression set values generally increase with increased temperature and time. For O-rings the minimum squeeze should be about .007 inch. (0,175mm). The reason is that with a very light squeeze almost all elastomers quickly take 100% compression set. A good compression set resistant compound can be distinguished from a poor one only when the squeeze is more than .005 inch. (0,127mm) Most O-ring seal applications cannot tolerate the no squeeze condition, the exceptions are the floating ring designs in special pneumatic and rotary applications. The most commonly used standards for the expression of compression set are ASTM D 395 and DIN 53517 / ISO 815. Table 3A-1a gives compression set values for standard Eriks compounds, (Squeeze 25%). Note: It is important to notice that the compression set changes with time and depends on cross section diameter. This table shows these different values, measured on the same compound.

Table 3A-1a Material Hardness IRHD ± 5 NBR 36624 70 NBR 47702 90 EPDM 55914 70 EPDM 55914 PC 70 Silicone 71477 70 Neoprene 32906 70 70 Viton® black 51414 70 Viton® green 51414 90 Viton® black 514320 Quad-Rings®/X-Rings 70/90 in NBR/FKM/EPDM

Compression set 22h/100°C, 25%, on O-ring 3.53 mm. max. 20% max. 30% max. 30% max. 25% (150 °C) max. 40% (200 °C) max. 25% max. 18% (200 °C) max. 19% (200 °C) max. 18% (200 °C) -

Temp. Range °C °F -30+120 -30+120 -50+120 -50+150 -60+220 -35+110 -20+200 -20+200 -20+200 -30+120

-22+248 -22+248 -58+248 -58+302 -76+428 -31+230 -4+392 -4+392 -4+392 22+248

NBR 36624 O-rings Cross section mm Compression set 22h/100°C (212°F) Compression set 70h/100°C (212°F)

1,78 14,8 23,9

3,53 12,8 22,7

6,99 9,2 16,8


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5. Deg with Rubber O-ring Hardness The hardness of an O-ring is important for several reasons. The softer the elastomer, the better the seal material conforms to the surfaces to be sealed and lower pressure is required to create a seal. This is particularly important in low pressure seals that are not activated by fluid pressure. The softer the elastomer, the higher the coefficient of friction. In dynamic applications however, the actual running and breakout friction values of a harder compound with lower coefficients of friction are higher because the load required to squeeze the harder material into the O-ring groove is much greater. The softer the elastomer the more risk that at high operating pressure the elastomer of the O-ring will extrude into the clearance gap between the mating seal surfaces. The harder materials offer greater resistance to flow. With an increase in temperature, elastomers first become softer and then eventually harder as the rubber curing process continues with the application of heat. The hardness of most elastomers is indicated by a durometer rating on a gauge manufactured by the Shore Instrument Company or equivalent. Most elastomers are measured on the Shore "A" scale. Shore A hardness of 35 is soft; 90 is hard. Shore "D" gauges are recommended where the Shore "A" rating is greater than 90. The most common standards for measuring hardness are ASTM D2240, DIN 53505, BS 2719, and ISO 7619. These standards define a gauge reading on a standard sample with a thickness of 0,25 in. (6 mm.). Always use standard hardness discs 1.28 in. diam. by 0,25 in. thick (ø32 x6 mm.), or 6 in.x 6 in.x 0.075 in. (150x150x2 mm.) sheets piled up to a minimum of 0,25 in. (6 mm.) to determine durometer hardness. It has been almost impossible to obtain reliable and reproducible hardness readings on seals with curved surfaces and variable cross sections such as O-rings. This problem has plagued the industry for years and is acknowledged in some standard tests. Like ASTM Method D 2240-00, paragraph 6.2.1 states: "A suitable hardness determination cannot be made on an uneven or rough point of with the indentor". Also MILP-5510B, paragraph 4.4.2. states : "Test specimens for the purpose of batch testing shall consist of one compression molded hardness specimen 0,25 in. thick and 1 in. diameter minimum ( 6 mm. thick and 25 mm. diameter)." The specification states in a note "Hardness shall not be determined from actual packings." However, for specimens that are too thin or provide too small an area for accurate Shore durometer readings, the Wallace Micro Hardness Tester is the most recommended method. Measurements in Micro-IRHD are more accurate for O-rings. This method of measurement is recorded in the standards ASTM D1415 and DIN 53519. Differences between IRHD and Shore "A" are negligible on the 6 mm thick sample. Normally, durometer hardness is referred to in increments of five or ten, as in 60 durometer, 70 durometer, 75 durometer, etc. Not as 62, 66, or 72 durometer. This practice is based on the fact that hardness is generally called out in specifications with a tolerance of ± 5 and also on the inherent variance from batch to batch of a given rubber compound due to slight differences in raw materials and processing techniques and the variability encountered in reading durometers.


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5. Deg with Rubber Durometer Ranges Rubber-Plastics 150 140

PHENOLICS ACRYLICS

130

PLASTICS

110

120

100

110

90

100

80 70 110

NYLON

POLYSTYRENE

90 70

POLYPROPYLENE

IRHD and Shore A

60 50

100 50 URETHANE

90

FLUORCARBONS

30 40

80

20 30

70

ROCKWELL R

20 60

CAR TIRES

RUBBER

10 50 40

0 DUROMETER D

30

IHRD-Micro DIN 53 519 Teil 2 Norm : 2 mm sheet Time : 30 sec.

Shore A DIN 53 505 Norm : 6 mm sheet Time : 3 sec.

RUBBER BANDS

20 10 0 DUROMETER A

Hardness (Shore A)

Hardness versus Temperature

Temperature °C Temperature °F


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5. Deg with Rubber Modulus Modulus, as used by the rubber industry, refers to stress at a predetermined elongation, usually 100%. It gives a comparison for good extrusion resistance. Modulus normally increases with increase in hardness and is probably the best indicator of the strength of a compound, all other factors being equal.

IRHD

Hardness (IRHD) versus Young’s Modulus (M)

Log 10M (M in psi)

Stress versus Strain

1= Speciality FKM 2= Black FFKM 3= Standard FKM 4= White FKM 5= Ethylene Propylene 6= Nitrile 7= Fluorsilicone 8= Silicone

1

2

3

5

4

7

6

Stress (PSI)

Stress (MPa)

Tensile Strength and Elongation Tensile strength is a measurement of the amount of force required to rupture an elastomeric specimen. Tensile strength is a fair production control measurement used to insure uniformity of the compound, and also useful as an indication of deterioration of the compound after it has been in with a fluid for long periods of time. If a large reduction in the tensile strength occurs, the life of a seal may be relatively short. Exceptions to this rule do occur. Elongation is an increase in length expressed numerically as a percentage of initial length at the point of rupture. This property primarily determines the stretch which can be tolerated during the installation of a seal. An adverse change in the elongation of a compound after exposure to a fluid is a definite sign of degradation of the material. Elongation, like tensile strength, is used throughout the industry as a check on production batches of compound. Tests are performed on dumb-bell shaped samples on a machine pulling them apart axially at a constant speed of 500 mm per minute, during which the force and elongation of the sample are recorded. Standards tests for Tensile strength and Elongation are ASTM D412, DIN 53505, and BS 903, Part A3.

8

Elongation (%)


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5. Deg with Rubber Tensile Stress-Strain Tensile strength is the maximum tensile stress reached in stretching a test piece (either an O-ring or dumbbell). Elongation: the strain or ultimate elongtion is the amount of stretch at the moment of break. Modulus: also called ‘Mod.100’; this is the stress required to produce a given elongation. In the case of Mod 100, the modulus would be the stress required to elongate the sample 100%. In elastomers, the stress is not linear with strain. Therefore, the modulus is neither a ratio nor a constant slope - but rather denotes a specific point on the stress-strain curve. Tensile tests are used for controlling product quality and for determining the effect of chemical or thermal exposure on an elastomer. In the latter case, it is the retention of these physical properties, rather than the absolute values of the tensile stress, elongation or modulus, that is often significant.

Tensile Strength (MPa)

Tear strength The tear strength or tear resistance is relatively low for most compounds. This test measures the force to perpetuate a nick or cut. Seal compounds with poor tear resistance will fail quickly under further flexing or stress, once a crack is started. Low tear strength of a compound is also indicative of poor abrasion resistance which may lead to early failure of an O-ring used as a dynamic seal.

Volume change Volume change is the increase or decrease of the volume of an elastomer after it has been in with a medium. It is measured as a percentage (%). Increase by swell or decrease by shrinkage in volume is almost always accompanied by a change in hardness. Volume swell is caused by absorption of gaseous or liquid medium by the O-ring. In static applications, even extreme volume swell can sometimes be tolerated. Actually an O-ring can swell only until 100% gland fill and further increase of volume is not possible, regardless of how much volume swell is observed in a full immersion test. If the free state swell exceeds 50 percent; however, a radially squeeze assembly may be almost impossible to take apart because of the friction generated. In dynamic applications, volume swell up to 15 or 20 percent is usually acceptable, but higher values are likely to increase friction and reduce toughness and abrasion resistance to the point that use of a particular compound is no longer feasible. Volume shrinkage is often caused by fluids which extract the plasticizers from the compound. Decrease in volume is usually accompanied by an increase in hardness. Also, as swell compensates for compression set, shrinkage will intensify the compression set effect, causing the O-ring to pull away from sealing surfaces - providing a leakage path. It is apparent then, that shrinkage is far more critical than swell. More than 3 or 4% shrinkage can be a serious problem for dynamic O-ring seals.

Hardness (Shore A)


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5. Deg with Rubber Chemical Compatibility The chemical guide is intended to assist the in determining the suitability of various elastomers in many different chemical environments. The ratings are based on a combination of published literature, laboratory tests, actual field experience, and informed judgments. ERIKS uses the DuPont Performance Elastomers guide. Note: Volume swell is only one indicator of elastomer fluid compatibility and may be based on the solubility parameter alone. Fluid attack on the backbone of the polymer may show up as a change in physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, and hardness.

Chemical Compatibility Guide Rating System Rating Description A Little or no effect B Possible loss of physical properties C Noticeable change U Excessive change

Volume Change < 10% 10-30% 30-50% > 50%

Comments Elastomer may exhibit slight swelling and/or loss of physical properties under severe conditions. Elastomer may exhibit swelling in addition to a change in physical properties. May be suitable for static applications. Elastomer exhibits a noticeable change in swelling and physical properties. Questionable performance in most applications. Elastomer not suitable for service.

Elevated temperatures and extended exposure times may create more aggressive conditions. In some cases, specific elastomer compounds within a material family may provide improved compatibility. Please the Application Engineering Department for assistance or consult the Dupont Performance internet chemical resistance guide - where you can find the latest information. Elastomers can swell and/or degrade in chemical environments through reactions with the polymer backbone and crosslink system, or by reactions with the filler system. In the semiconductor industry, this degradation can be seen in increased contamination and reduced seal life.

visit our website: www.o-ring.info


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5. Deg with Rubber Attack mechanisms: Chemical Compatibility • The process of chemical degradation or chemical incompatibility is very complex. In general, degradation of the polymer backbone and cross-link may occur by means of: • nucleophilic attack - nucleophiles are ions or molecules that can donate electrons. This is the main cross-linking mechanism. In certain chemical media, nucleophilic attack can result in increased cross-linking and embrittlement. • dehydrofluorination - in fluorocarbon elastomers the attack of aliphatic amines can result in the formation of unsaturated bonds in the polymer backbone. • polar attack - swelling caused by electrostatic interactions between the dipole and polymer chain

Nucleophilic Attack (Unsaturated) C=C

Polar Attack H2O

Oxidation O-

Chemical Attack Mechanisms

Degradation may also occur due to interactions of the chemical environment and elastomer filler systems. This type of degradation may be caused by oxidation of fillers, or by chemical attack of certain fillers or process aids. In many applications special considerations should be made for contamination or vacuum performance. Contamination is critical in semiconductor fabrication and medical applications. This may take the form of particle generation, extractable ions or other residual gas contamination. Test methods: ISO 1817 (Liquids) ASTM D471, D1460, D3137 (Liquids) Volume Swell: The most common measure of chemical compatibility is volume swell. The following formula is used in reporting volume swell measurements. This takes into dimensional changes in all three dimensions, and is more precise than specific dimensional change readings for most sealingapplications. Volume Swell:

VS (%) =

(Weight in Air-Wt. in Water) final - (Wt. in Air - Wt. in Water) initial

x100

(Weight in Air - Weight in Water) initial

Note: The "Weight in Water" measurement is performed by suspending a sample in a container of water and recording it's weight. This takes into consideration that the density of a solid is equal to it's weight in air divided by the difference of it's weight in air and it's weight in water. 29 All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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5. Deg with Rubber Thermal Effects All rubber is subjected to deterioration at high temperature. Volume change and compression set are both influenced by heat. Hardness is influenced in a complex way. The first effect of high temperature is to soften the compound. This is a physical change, and will reverse when the temperature drops. In high pressure applications the O-ring may begin to flow through the clearance gap as the temperature rises, due to this softening effect. With increasing time at high temperature, chemical changes occur. These generally cause an increase in hardness, along with volume and compression set changes. Changes in tensile strength and elongation are also involved. Being chemical in nature, these changes are not reversible. The changes induced by low temperature are primarily physical and reversible. An elastomer will almost completely regain its original properties when warmed.

Thermal Expansion Coefficient of linear thermal expansion is the ratio of the change in length per °F or °C to the original length at 0°F or 0°C. Coefficient of volumetric expansion for solids is approximately 3 times the linear coefficient. As a rough approximation, elastomers have a coefficient of thermal expansion 10-times that of steel. With Fluoroelastomers and Perfluoroelastomers the coefficient of thermal expansion is even greater. This can be a critical factor at high temperature if the gland is nearly filled with the O-ring or at low temperature if the squeeze is marginal. Leaking can be the result of seal failure at low temperature if the squeeze is small. There are certain reactions which in some circumstances cause an O-ring to exert relatively high forces against the sides of the groove. If the seal is completely confined and the gland is 100% filled, the dominating force is the force of thermal expansion of the rubber. The groove must always be sufficiently wide to allow for the maximum expansion of the O-ring. There have been instances where a seal has ruptured a steel gland due to expansion when heated. Therefore it has to be considered that in no case a gland fill in excess of 95% is allowed. This should be taken into consideration when deg O-ring grooves for applications in excess of 300°F (150°C). Please your ERIKS representative for assistance in groove design.

Thermal Expansion Material FKM NBR VMQ FFKM EPDM Stainless Aluminium TEFLON KEL-F Polyimide

Thermal Stability 200°C / 392°F 120°C / 250°F 230°C / 450°F 300°C / 570°F 150°C / 300°F - - 230°C / 450°F 280°C / 540°F 275°C / 530°F

x10-5 / °C 16 23 59-79 23 16 1.04 1.3 5-8 4-7 5


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5. Deg with Rubber Selecting O-ring cross section diameter (CSD) In general, when selecting O-rings, there are benefits to be gained from having both smaller and larger CSD. Some of the benefits are given below for both cases. In static applications, where rapid high pressure cycling is not present, it is usually better to choose a larger CSD if possible. As noted above, larger CSD O-rings are less susceptible to the problems of compression set, swell, and incidental surface damage. Also, larger CSD O-rings are more stable and tend not to rotate on assembly. However, if the seal will be subjected to rapid high pressure cycling then it is better to choose a smaller CSD if possible. The smaller section seals are less susceptible to decompression problems. In dynamic applications it may be better to choose a smaller O-ring CSD to avoid friction problems. In dynamic applications, the CSD is often governed to a great extent by the surface speed, as indicated in Table 2. For dynamic applications with surface speeds less than 2,03 m/s the O-ring CSD is generally not critical. There are also some general rules relating O-ring CSD to O-ring ID as follows:

If : 0
Table 1 - Characteristics of CSD choice

Larger section More stable More friction Needs more space Better compression set Less swell (%) Worse decompression Larger tolerances Less sensitive to damage

Smaller section Less stable Less friction Needs less space Poor compression set Possibly more swell (%) Better decompression Closer tolerances Sensitive to damage

Table 2 - CSD and surface speed (Dynamic seals)

O-ring CSD (mm) 1,78 2,62 3,53

Maximum surface speed (m/s) 7,62 3,04 2,03

CSD = 1,78 or larger CSD = 2,62 or larger CSD = 3,53 or larger CSD = 5,33 or larger


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6. Compound Selection Operating conditions The practical selection of a seal compound depends on an adequate definition of the operating conditions. In approximate order of application importance/

Temperature Temperature ranges are often over specified. Eriks has applied a realistic temperature range with a margin of safety when setting the general operating temperature range for seal compounds.

Medium The first thing to be considered when selecting a seal compound is its resistance to the fluids with which it will come in . This means all fluids, including the oil to be sealed, outside air, lubricants, and cleaning agents. For example, in a crankcase, raw gasoline, diesel fuel, gaseous products of combustion, acids formed in service, and water from condensation can be expected to contaminate the engine oil. In this case, the seal compound must be resistant to all fluids including the lubricant to be used on the seal. Therefore, whenever possible, it is a good practice to use the fluid being sealed as the lubricant, eliminating one variable. Consideration must also be given to the effect of the O-ring compound on system fluids. For example:

The maximum temperature recommendation for a compound is based on long term functional service. Since some fluids decompose at a temperature lower than the maximum temperature limit of the elastomer, the temperature limits of both the seal and the fluid must be considered in determining limits for a system. At low temperature applications a few degrees may sometimes be gained by increasing the squeeze on the O-ring cross section. The low temperature limit on an O-ring seal may be compromised if the O-ring is previously exposed to a fluid that causes the O-ring compound to shrink. Conversely, the limit may be lowered if the fluid causes the O-ring to swell.

• There are some ingredients used in compounds which cause chemical deterioration of Freon refrigerants. When choosing a compound for use with Freon, it should not contain any of the ingredients which cause this breakdown. • Compounds for food and breathing applications should contain only non-toxic ingredients. • O-rings used in meters or other devices which must be read through glass, a liquid, or plastic, must not discolor these materials and hinder clear vision.


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6. Compound Selection Low Temperature The low temperature limit is generally 10°C below TR-10 for static seals. For dynamic seals the TR-10 is more relevant. The TR-10 is the temperature at which an elastomer is able to retract 10%. Low temperature performance is generally a reversible process. For design purposes compression is generally increased. The chemical media may cause swelling which may act as a plasticizer and lower the service temperature.

Fluorsilicone Silicone NBR-Low Temperature NBR EPDM VITON®-GFLT FKM-LT FKM Terpolymer FKM Copolymer AFLAS Kalrez® Spectrum 7075 Teflex Silicone -80°C

-60°C

-40°C

-20°C

0°C

For cryogenic temperature, metal O-rings, see page 69 High Temperature The high-temperature limit is generally considered a 30-50% loss of physical properties and typically represents a maximum temperature for 1,000 hours continuous service. It represents an irreversible change in the backbone or cross-link network. The effect of high temperature can be compounded by the interaction with the chemical media. Chemical reactions typically double with a 10°C increase in temperature.

Fluorsilicone Silicone THT Silicone NBR-High Temperature NBR EPDM PC VITON® FKM Terpolymer Viton® B FKM Copolymer Viton® A AFLAS Kalrez® Spectrum 7075 Kalrez® Spectrum 6375 0°C

50°C

100°C

150°C

200°C

250°C

300°C

350°C

See °F/°C conversion table on page 249.

33

All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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6. Compound Selection Pressure Pressure has a bearing on seal design as it may affect the choice of compound hardness. At very low pressures proper sealing may be more easily obtained with lower hardness. With high pressures, the combination of pressure and hardness control the maximum clearance that may safely be tolerated. Cyclic fluctuation of pressure can cause local extrusion of the seal, resulting in "nibbling", particularly if the peak pressures are high enough to cause expansion of the cylinder.

Time The three obvious "dimensions" in sealing are, fluid, temperature, and pressure. The fourth dimension, equally important, but easily overlooked, is time. Temperature limits, both high and low, have been published at conventional short term test temperatures. These have little bearing on actual long term service of the seal in either static or dynamic applications. For example, an industrial nitrile O-ring compound can be recommended to only 120°C (250°F), yet it is known to seal satisfactorily at 149°C (300°F) for 3000 hours and for five minutes at 538°C (1000°F). Therefore, when the application requires a temperature higher than that recommended in the compound and fluid tables, check the temperature curve to determine if the total accumulated time at high temperature is within the maximum allowable limit.


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6. Compound Selection Table 3A-2 Standard ERIKS Compounds Elastomer Compound Hardness Temperature Number Shore A±5 °C / °F Nitrile, NBR, Buna N 36624 70 -35 to +110 °C -31 to +230 °F 47702 90 -25 to +110 °C -13 to +230 °F Various Ethylene Propylene, 55914 70 -55 to +130°C EPDM, EPM -67 to +266 °F 55914PC 70 -50 to +150 °C -58 to +302 °F 55918PC 80 -50 to +150 °C -58 to +302 °F Various Silicone, VMQ 714177 70 -55 to +230 °C -67 to +446 °F Fluorosilicone, FVMQ 614002 70 -50 to +220 °C -58 to +434 °F Various 51414 black 70 -20 to +200 °C Fluorocarbon, and green -4 to +392 °F FKM, Viton® 514320 black 90 -20 to +200 °C and green -4 to +392 °F Various. Perfluorocarbon, FFKM, 6375 75 -3 to +275 °C +27 to +527 °F Kalrez® Spectrum™ 7075 75 -4 to +327 °C Kalrez® Spectrum™ -25 to +621 °F 4079 75 -2 to +316°C Kalrez® +28 to +600°F FFKM, Various Kalrez® Teflex FEP FKM -20 to +200 °C PFA Core -4 to +392 °F VMQ -60 to +200 °C Core -76 to +392 °F +260°C (PFA)

We h ave o diffe ver 1 rent for s comp 30 pecif ound ic a s Look at ww pplicatio ns. w. o - r ing.i nfo

Application Hydraulic Oils, Vegetable Oils, Animal Fats, Acetylene, Alcohols, Water, Air, Fuels and many other products Chemical resistance of 36624 with higher hardness for higher pressure applications. ERIKS is pleased to offer special compounds for special applications on request. Solvents, alcohols, ketones, esters, organic and inorganic acids, hydraulic fluids. Highly age resistant. Not recommended for animal fats, vegetable or mineral oils. Chemical resistance of 55914 with improved temperature range and compression set characteristics. Also for steam applications. Chemical resistance of 55914 with higher hardness for higher pressure applications. ERIKS is pleased to offer special compounds for special applications on request. For extremely high or low temperature range, air, oxygen, dry heat, ozone, hot water to 302 °F (150 °C), and glycol based brake fluids. Resistant to hydraulic fluids but is not resistant to many hydraulic fluid additives. Silicones and Fluorosilicones are recommended only for static applications. Chemical resistance as noted above, with additional resistance to fuels and parafin based lubricants. ERIKS is pleased to offer special compounds for special applications on request. Good chemical resistance to oils, fats, fuels. Has very low compression set characteristics at high temperatures. Suitable for vacuum applications. Chemical resistance of 51414 with higher hardness for higher pressure applications. ERIKS is pleased to offer a lot more standard compounds for special applications on request. Broadest range of chemical and temperature resistance for chemical processing industry. Suitable for acids, basics, amines amines, steam, ethylene oxide and many other agressive chemicals. High temperature compound with superb compression set characteristics and improved resistance against steam and amines. Very suitable for temperature cycle applications High temperature compound with superb compression set characteristics and very good resistance against steam and amines. Suitable for temperature cycle applications. ERIKS is pleased to offer special compounds for special applications on request. High thermal and chemical resistance. Not recommended for dynamic applications. Cannot be stretched in installation. Chemical resistance of FKM with improved compression set characteristics at low temperatures. Not recommended for vacuum applications due to high gas permeability. Not for dynamic applications.c


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35


6. Compound Selection Standard ERIKS Compounds (Vulc-O-rings) Elastomer Silicone 75 FDA red 714006, 714206

Hardness Application Shore A ±5 75 For extremely high or low temperature range, air, oxygen, dry heat, ozone, hot water to 302 °F (150 °C), and glycol based brake fluids. Resistant to hydraulic fluids but is not resistant to many hydraulic fluid additives. Silicones and Fluorosilicones are recommended only for static applications. Food Quality FDA.

Fluorsilicone 75 Blue 614010

75

Solvents, alcohols, ketones, esters, organic and inorganic acids, hydraulic fluids. Highly age resistant. Not recommended for animal fats, vegetable or mineral oils.

EPDM 75 black 559303

75

Solvents, alcohols, ketones, esters, organic and inorganic acids, hydraulic fluids. Highly age resistant. Not recommended for animal fats, vegetable or mineral oils.

EPDM 75 FDA black 559187

75

Solvents, alcohols, ketones, esters, organic and inorganic acids, hydraulic fluids. Highly age resistant. Not recommended for animal fats, vegetable or mineral oils. Food Quality FDA/3A.

NBR 60 black 366304

60

Hydraulic Oils, Vegetable Oils, Animal Fats, Acetylene, Alcohols, Water, Air, Fuels and many other products.

NBR 75 black 366185

75


NBR 90 black 366303

90


HNBR 75 FDA black 886301

75

Better oil and temperature resistance than NBR.

PUR 75 black

75

Abrasion resistance.

AFLAS 75 black 223301

75

Highly steam resistant up to 200°C / 392°F

AFLAS 90 black 223302

90

Highly steam resistant up to 200°C / 392°F

Chloroprene 75 black

75

High ozone resistance.

Chloroprene 75 FDA black

75

High ozone resistance. Food Quality FDA.

Genuine Viton®

65-95

Large product family for different applications. The general-purpose types differ from the specialty types primarily in chemical resistance and low-temperature flexibility. In the speciality family, the choice is among types that are tailored for superior fluid resistance, low-temperature performance, or combinations of these properties. Learn more about the Viton® product family on the following pages.


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6. Compound Selection - specials For extreme services Eriks offers a number of compounds for “extreme” services in their application field • Different NBR, EPDM-compounds for specific applications • Silicone THT for 280°C resistance • Fluorosilicone 61370 and 61380 - to MIL-R-25988B • Aflas® for optimum resistance to steam and crude oils • HNBR for optimum hydraulic fluid resistance to 150°C - lowest compression set • And many more… • Over 250 data sheets are available upon request.

Ask our special edition on FDA and USP O-rings !

O-rings with homologations ERIKS has developed a wide range of compounds for with food and pharma, drinking water, and gases FDA & ADI Neoprene 75-compound 329303 NBR 60-compound 366312 NBR 70-compound 366470 NBR 75-compound 366302 NBR 70 compound 366472 NBR 80 compound 366480 NBR 90 compound 366490 HNBR 70-compound 866172 HNBR 77-compound 886972 HNBR 69-compoun 866214 EPDM 60-compound 559260 EPDM 60-compound 559311 EPDM 70-compound 55641 EPDM 70-compound 559270 EPDM 70-compound 559272 EPDM 70-compound 559273 EPDM 70-compound 55111 EPDM 70-compound 559274 EPDM 70-compound 559302 EPDM 75-compound 559291 EPDM 75-compound 559187 EPDM 75-compound 559280 Genuine Viton® 60-compound 514660 Genuine Viton® GLT 70-compound 514115 Genuine Viton® 70-compound 514670 Genuine Viton® 70-compound 514642 Genuine Viton® 70-compound 514672 Genuine Viton® 70-compound 514674 FKM A 70-compound 514328 FKM 75-compound 514010 Genuine Viton® A 75-compound 514304 Genuine Viton® A 75-compound 514172 Genuine Viton® A 75-compound 514641 Genuine Viton® 75-compound 514312 Genuine Viton® 80-compound 514682 Genuine Viton® GFS 75-compound 514683 Genuine Viton® 80-compound 514680 Teflex-Genuine Viton® Genuine Viton® 90-compound 514690 Genuine Viton® 90-compound 514694 VMQ Silicone 40 714742 VMQ Silicone 40 714747 VMQ Silicone 40 714748 VMQ Silicone 60 714762

VMQ Silicone 60 714767 VMQ Silicone 60 714768 VMQ Silicone 60 714217 VMQ Silicone 70 714001 VMQ Silicone 69 714330 VMQ Silicone 70 714002 VMQ Silicone 75 714206 VMQ Silicone 75 714006 VMQ Silicone 80 714782 VMQ Silicone 80 714787 VMQ Silicone 80 714788 Teflex-VMQ Silicone Kalrez® 70 6221 Kalrez® 75 6230 USP EPDM 70-compound 559273 EPDM 70-compound 559274 EPDM 70-compound 559302 EPDM 70-compound 559291 FKM 75-compound 514010 Genuine Viton® 75 514312 Teflex Viton® FKM 60-compound 514767 FKM 60-compound 514217 FKM 70-compound 514001 VMQ Silicone 70 714001 VMQ Silicone 75 714002 Teflex-VMQ Silicone Kalrez® 6221 Kalrez® 6230 KTW EPDM 70-compound 55111 EPDM 75-compound 559291

EPDM 70-compound 559310

NSF EPDM 70-compound 55111

EPDM 75-compound 559291 3A NBR 60-compound 366312 NBR 70-compound 366470 NBR 75-compound 366302 EPDM 67-compound 559311 EPDM 70-compound 559273 EPDM 70-compound 559302 EPDM 75-compound 559291 EPDM 75-compound 559187 FKM 70-compound 514328 FKM 75-compound 514010 Genuine Viton® A 75-comp. 514304 Genuine Viton® 75-compound 514172 Genuine Viton® 75-compound 514312 Silicone 60 714217 Silicone 69 714330 Silicone 75 714006 EN 549 NBR 70-compound 36625

NBR 70-compound 366300 Genuine Viton® GLT 75-comp. 514102 NEN NBR 70-compound 32770 GASTEC NBR 70-compound 32770 DVGW NBR 70-compound 366300 EPDM 70-compound 55111

EPDM 70-compound 559310 EPDM 75-compound 559291

WRAS EPDM 70-compound 55111 EPDM 75-compound 559291

Genuine Viton® GLT 75-comp. 514102 KIWA EPDM 70-compound 55111 W-270



ACS EPDM 70-compound 55111

EPDM 70-compound 55111 Bfr


VMQ Silicone 60 714217 VMQ Silicone 70 714001 VMQ Silicone 75 714002

37


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6. Compound Selection - specials O-rings and special applications • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

X-rings Quad-Rings®/X-Rings Micro o-rings Vulc-O-rings Encapsulated o-rings PTFE O-rings PTFE back up rings NBR 90 back up rings Omniseals (with spring) PTFE High-purity compounds Silicone free Labsfree Plasma treated Coatings with silicone, PTFE, graphite With narrow tolerances With surface-control With homologations Internal lubricants (PTFE, graphite, MOS2) Eriflon® PTFE hydraulic seals

Eriks O-rings are made using the latest technology.


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6. Compound Selection - Viton® Genuine Viton® 'Only the best is good enough for you' Today's industry sometimes operates under extreme conditions. Heat, aggressive media, corrosive gasses, and mechanical stress require the utmost performance from seals. Extreme requirements demand quality assurance and the best materials. In many cases Genuine Viton® made by DuPont Performance Elastomers, is the solution. Genuine Viton® is manufactured with 100% pure fluoroelastomers and is certified with the Viton® certificate. ERIKS is appointed a licensed distributor for Genuine Viton® products.

The Viton® families Viton® was introduced in 1958. There are now three major general used families of Viton® fluoroelastomer: A, B, and F. They differ primarily in their resistance to fluids, and in particular aggressive lubricating oils and oxygenated fuels, such as methanol and ethanol automotive fuel blends. There is also a class of high performance Viton® grades: GB, GBL, GF, GLT, GFLT, Extreme, and Base resistant. Viton® is a ed trademark from DuPont Performance Elastomer.

¤

How do I make sure that I've got Genuine Viton®? Only products made of Genuine Viton® carry the specific, easy recognizable label on their package. With parts made of Genuine Viton® one can be assured that the product has been manufactured and processed by both DuPont Performance Elastomers and their licensed partners according to guidelines specified in the Materials Integrity Section of OSHA 1910.119 (Process Safety Management of Highly Hazardous Chemicals Preventive maintenance). Please ask for a copy of ERIKS’ Genuine Viton® brochure.

Relative chemical compatibility and mechanical properties for Viton® fluorelastomers Chemical environment Automotive and aviation fuels Automotive fuels oxygenated with MEOH, ETOH, MTBE, etc Engine lubricating oil, SE and SF Engine lubricating oil, SG and SH Aliphatic hydrocarbon process fluids, chemicals Aromatic hydrocarbon process fluids, chemicals Aqueous fluids, steam, mineral acids Strong base, high pH, caustic, aminos Low molecular weight carbonyls 100% concentrate (MTBB, MBK, MIBK, etc.) Compression set and low temperature performance Resistance to compression set Low temperature flexibility

A 1

Viton® General use types B F GBL-S 1 1 1

4 2 3

2 1 2

1 1 2

1

1

2 3 4

Key:

3 = Poor

GF-S 1

GLT-S 1

Viton® Specialty types GFLT-S 1

2 1 1

1 1 1

4 1 2

1 1 1

1 1 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

2 2 4

1 2 4

1 1 2

1 1 2

2 1 2

1 1 2

1 1 1

4

4

4

4

4

4

4

1

1 2

2 2

2 3

2 2

2 3

2 1

2 1

2 2

1 = Excellent

2 = Fair

ETP-S 1

4 = Not Recommended


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6. Compound Selection - Viton® End-use service differences between Types of Viton® Standard and Low Temp. Compression Set, Speciality

Flexibility

O-rings

Types

TR-10, °C

70 h/200°C, % Toluene

AL A BL, GBL-S B ETP-S GFLT-S GBLT-S F GF-S TBR-S

-19 -17 -15 -13 -11 -24 -26 -8 -8 +3

20-25 12-17 25-40 25-30 45-50 35-40 35-40 30-45 30-45 45-50

Fluid Resistance

Base Resistance

% Volume Increase after 168 h

% loss of elongation at break

Fuel C/MeOH

Methanol

at 40°C (85/15) at 23°C

at 23°C

20-25 20-25 12-15 12-15 6-8 8-12 12-15 8-12 8-12 60-65

85-95 85-95 25-35 25-35 1-2 3-5 25-35 3-5 3-5 -

35-40 35-40 20-25 18-23 8-10 10-15 27-32 5-10 5-10 80-90

Concentrated

33% solution of ASTM Ref. Oil 105

H2SO4 at 70°C KOH 336h/40°C

12-15 10-12 3-5 8-10 4-6 3-5 3-5 7-9 7-9 3-5

500h/150°

-50 -45 -25 -25 0 -30 -40 -50 -45 -10

-80 -80 -65 -70 -10 -40 -50 -55 -50 -20

¤

Viton® A-compounds for general use ERIKS offers six standard O-ring compounds of which thousands of different sizes are available from stock. Please find the most important technical data for these compounds in Table 3A-2d.

Table 3A-2d Standard Genuine Viton® A compound Technical data

51414

51414

black

green

Hardness IRHD ±5 DIN 53519 75 75 Tensile strength MPa.min. DIN 53504 13 12 Elongation % DIN 53504 170 170 Compression set % 24h/200°C on slab max. DIN 53517 12 14 on OR 3,53 mm max. 18 19 Heat aging 70h/200°C Hardness DIN 53508 +4 +5 Low temperature TR-10 / ASTM 1329 -16°C -16°C Density ASTM 1817 1,85 2,07 Max. temperature °C +200 +200 Miscellaneous Information stock stock RAL 6011

514320

514670

514690

514206

black

black

90 14 120

70 16,9 261

90 14,8 119

75 10,7 213

14 18

15

12

7,5

+5 -16°C 1,87 +200 stock in black, green on demand

-2 1,82 1,82 +200 FDA, 1 to 5 day production

-1 1,84 1,84 +200 FDA, 1 to 5 day production

+3 2,32 2,32 +200 1 to 5 day production, also Vulc-O-Ring


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6. Compound Selection - Viton® Petrochemical industry Due to the permeability of O-ring compounds, high pressure gas can enter into the O-ring. There it builds microscopic bubbles between the molecular chains. Upon withdrawal of the pressure, the gas bubbles expand and cause cracks in the seal composition. ERIKS offers compounds based on Viton® A and Viton® B that meet the highest demands in these applications: high pressures, high temperatures, extrusion resistent, and explosive decompression resistent, for use in with natural gas, steam, and corrosion inhibitors, etc. Obviously, for less critical applications our standard Viton® compounds are also perfectly suitable. Food industry ERIKS offers a number of compounds with approval for with food stuffs. These compounds meet the demands of the Code of Federal Regulations, title 21, Chapter 1, Subchapter B, Paragraph 177.2600 for use in with unpacked food stuffs. For seals, two relevant FDA classes exist: Class 2 for with liquids and drinks and Class 1 for with milk, milk-derived products, and edible oils. ERIKS standard Viton® FDA O-rings meet Class 1 requirements. ERIKS can offer the following approved O-rings for Class 1 compounds. Consult our website

www.o-ring.info

for our overview of compounds for the food and beverage industry.

Low temperature applications Fluoroelastomers do not really excel with regard to low temperature resistance. Standard Viton® A compounds are mostly applicable from -20°C (-4°F) on. Special low temperature Viton® compounds are Viton® GLT and GFLT. This compounds are in many applications suitable at low temperatures of -40°C (-40°F – Viton® GLT) and, with better chemical resistance, from approximately -35 to -30°C (-31 to -22°F – Viton® GFLT).

¤

These compounds are also animal derived ingredient free ERIKS can also supply a number of compounds ranging from 60 to 95 IHRD, that also meet Class 2 requirements.

41


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6. Compound Selection - Viton® Special compounds The following compounds can be applied under very specific circumstances. Only the main characteristics are described. More specific details are available upon request.

Note: For very specific requirements, ERIKS can develop special Viton® compounds that meet unique demands even better than these compounds described here. Presently ERIKS has about 65 unique compounds that have already been applied successfully all over the world. It goes without saying that these are custommade items which are usually not available from stock.

¤

High Purity Compound This compound offers a unique combi-nation of chemical resistance and very good plasma resistance. Its contaminating substance content is up to 600 times lower than standard Viton®. It loses very little weight during plasma treatment and contains only one tenth of the surface uncleannesses in reactive plasma. Therefore, a typical compound for the semicon industry.

Vulc-O-rings Viton® Vulc-O-rings are made out of very homogenous genuine Viton® O-ring cord with a hardness of 75 and 90 Shore A. The O-rings are made endless under a 45° biased angle, by means of a unique production process. The t undergoes a followup treatment and is hardly visible. Every Vulc-O-ring is made according to ISO 3302/ M2F and E1. The O-ring cord has an extremely low compression set, resulting in a lifetime for Vulc-Orings that exceeds the average for standard Viton® A O-rings. Note: In the next chapter "Frequently asked questions about Viton®" you will find a comparison table describing lifetime test results. After 3.000 hours at 390°F (200°C), the t in the Vulc-Oring showed the same elasticity value (compression set) as the original cord. This leads us to the conclusion that Vulc-O-rings can be considered equivalent to standard O-rings. A copy of the test report is available upon request.


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6. Compound Selection - Viton® Frequently asked questions about Viton® 1. Does the compound colour affect the quality of the seal? Our experience is that chemical and temperature resistance do not change. Mechanical properties of black compounds, however, are often much better than those of coloured compounds.

3. How fast can you supply odd-size O-rings? Through our unique vulcanisation process, ERIKS can supply any Vulc-O-ring within 48 hours, if required. Standard delivery time for odd-sizes is 1 to 2 weeks.

¤

2. Does the type of carbon black affect the quality of a seal? Definitely! The standard MT990 carbon black filler offers very good results in all respects. Specific carbon black, such as e.g. Austin Black, can strongly improve the sealing properties. Our compound 514075 brown is made with Austin Black and shows the lowest values in all compression set tests. Other carbon blacks offer the advantage of higher tensile strength or wear resistance.

4. What is post-curing? After moulding, Viton® parts have to be post-cured at 200°C / 392°F for 8 to 24 hours, depending on the compound. Post-curing optimizes the vulcanisation, causing all links in the moleculear structure to develop. The method of post-curing can strongly affect the final quality of the compound. 5. Is there a difference in life among the various compounds? ERIKS has subjected some of our compounds to life tests. The compression set was measured in air at 200°C / 392°F for 1.000 hours. One may assume that an O-ring has lost its sealing properties after the compression set has reached 100%. The following table gives an overview of four different compounds:

• Viton® Lifetime Test Compression set diam. 3.53 mm; in air 200°C / 392°F

100 90

1 2 3 4

80 70

Aflas 223301 (80) Viton® 51414 (75) Viton® 514172 (75) 514075 (75)

1 2 3 4

60 50 40 30 20 10 0

1h

24 h

168 h

504 h

1008 h 43


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6. Compound Selection - Viton® Frequently asked questions about Viton® 6. What is the price difference among these various compounds? It is difficult to give an exact answer because prices highly depend on size and production quantities. As a guideline, one may use the following chart:

Compound Viton® A - standard Viton® B Viton® GF Viton® Extreme ETP

Price Factor 1 5 10 50

7. How does media temperature affect the life of a Viton® seal? The life of a seal is strongly affected by media temperature. ERIKS has measured the time after which the elongation at break is reduced to 50%, at different media temperatures.Following are the results, these are only applicable to Genuine Viton® compounds.

>10,000 hr Hours of service *

10,000

>3,000 hr

>1,000 hr

1000

>240 hr 100

0

>48 hr 204°C

232°C

260°C

287°C

315°C

Test temperature Viton® maintains good sealing performance for over 10,000 hours in air at temperatures up to 204°C. * Approximate number of hours at which typical vulcanization of Viton® will retain 50% of its original elongation at break.

8. How do I learn about the chemical resistance of a Viton® seal? ERIKS will gladly send out an updated chemical resistance list, upon request. A summarized list is included in this brochure. Since ERIKS is in close with DuPont Performance Elastomers’ laboratory in Geneva and Switzerland, we are always assured of possessing the latest data. In our own test laboratory, we can also organise specific tests with our Viton® compounds in media provided by our customers. Visit the DuPont Performance Elastomers website for the latest details on chemical resistance. www.dupontelastomers.com/crg 44 All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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6. Compound Selection - Viton® Frequently asked questions about Viton® 9. When should I choose Kalrez®? Kalrez® is a perfluoroelastomer and, as such, offers chemical and temperature resistance of a different grade, compared to Viton®. Please consult the local ERIKS office for more specific information about this “top of the list” problem solver. Following are the results of compression set tests with Viton® and Kalrez®.

Long term sealing force retention at 204°C

Sealing Force Retention (% of initial force)

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30

Kalrez® 4079 Kalrez® Spectrum 7075 Silicone Fluoroelastomer

20 10 0 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Test Duration (hours)

This test proves Kalrez® has a much longer sealing capability than other high temperature elastomers at 204°C/400°F.


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6. Compound Selection - Viton® ERIKS and DuPont Performance Elastomers: Over 25 years of partnership For 25 years Eriks and DuPont Performance Elastomers have been partners in the production and marketing of original Viton® and Kalrez® High-Tech rubber compounds. Eriks produces sealing parts made of genuine Viton®. Eriks guarantees quality from the raw material to the end-product, for critical applications that demand the best seals. All information on Viton® fluoroelastomers and Kalrez® perfluoroelastomers can be found in two different Eriks publications, summarizing the various types, compounds, and applications. The many case studies described in the publications, may offer suggestions for alternative uses for Viton® and Kalrez®.


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6. Compound Selection - Kalrez® Kalrez® for extreme service – engineered for optimum performance Whenever seals or rubber components are exposed to aggressive chemicals or high temperature, Kalrez® perfluoroelastomer parts outlast the alternatives. Only Kalrez® parts can match the virtually universal chemical resistance and high-temperature stability of PTFE while adding the resilient, no-creep properties of a true rubber. For over 30 years, DuPont and DuPont Performance Elastomers have been relentless in pursuing improvement in the manufacture of perfluoroelastomer parts. Elastomeric parts typically consist of three components: a polymer chain (the backbone of the elastomer), a crosslinking system (which links the polymer chains together and is the key to elasticity and sealing performance), and a filler system (used to enhance mechanical properties). Based on their extensive experience, DuPont Performance Elastomers adjusts these components to optimize seal performance.

Maintains sealing force to keep seals tight As proven in ISO 3384 tests, Kalrez® outperforms other elastomers when it comes to sealing force retention, a measure of seal life. Even under harsh and aggressive conditions, Kalrez® will retain its sealing force longer. And thanks to its true-rubber resiliency, Kalrez® prevents leaks caused by creep, a major problem with PTFE.

Increase safety Lasting longer and performing better than other elastomers, Kalrez® helps reduce the risk of chemical exposure from seal failure.

Field Proven • Over 3 years in Dowtherm* A at 246°C (475°F) • Over 24 months in sour gas (9% H S 15-19% CO ) at 149°C (300°F) • Over 1 month in silicon water nitride process with chlorine and ammonia gas at 218°C (425°F) • Over 1 year in O-nitrochlorobenzene at 220°C (428°F) • Over 1 year in maleic anhydride at 169°C (335°F) • Over 6 months in hot asphalt at 316°C (600°F) • Over 4 months in 70% acetic acid at 220°C (428°F) • Over 1 year in dry steam at 250°C (482°F) • 3 months with lowest ppb ionic extractable levels in wet semiconductor process chemicals at 100°C (214°F) • Over 17 months in hydrocarbons at 288°C (550°F) • Over 1 year in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone at 232°C (450°F)

Increase productivity By reducing the frequency of seal changes, repairs and inspections, you can increase process and equipment uptime for greater productivity and yield. Reduce maintenance costs Kalrez® parts help stretch your mean time between repair (MTBR) and lower your maintenance costs. Their durability minimizes unscheduled downtime while letting you extend time between routine inspections and replacement cycles for critical components.

2

2

*ed trademark of The Dow Chemical Company

Superior chemical resistance to more than 1800 chemicals Kalrez® perfluoroelastomer parts have virtually universal chemical resistance. They withstand attack from more than 1800 chemicals, solvents and plasmas. Standardizing on Kalrez® products for broad chemical resistance reduces your need to keep multiple materials on the shelf, thus lowering cost of inventory. Service temperature range up to 327°C Even after long-term exposure to temperatures up to 327°C (620°F), Kalrez® retains its elasticity and recovery properties better than other high-temperature elastomers. Its hightemperature properties, coupled with near universal chemical resistance, enable Kalrez® parts to withstand an extremely broad range of process media.

Kalrez® and Kalrez® Spectrum™ are ed trademarks or trademarks from DuPont Performance Elastomers.


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6. Compound Selection - Kalrez® Kalrez®: Durable, safe seals in virtually any environment Because of the unique chemical structure of the material, Kalrez® parts can provide the most durable seals at temperatures up to 326°C/620°F in virtually any chemical media. No other seal, including other perfluoroelastomers, can perform for such extended periods in such aggressive environments. Kalrez® parts provide an effective (and cost effective) solution in a variety of industries. 1. In chemical processing and petroleum refining, O-rings are used in mechanical seals, pump housings, reactors, mixers, compressor casings, valves, rotameters, and other equipment. Custom-designed parts are used as valve seats, packings, diaphragms, gaskets, and U-cups. Kalrez® parts can be specified as standard seals for most mechanical seal types. 2. In analytical and process instruments, septa, O-rings, diaphragms, valve seats, column fittings, ferrules, and gaskets, Kalrez® solves tough chemical sealing problems. They also provide exceptional outgassing resistance under high vacuum at temperatures 100°C / 232°F above the limits of other elastomers. 3. In chemical transportation, O-rings and other seals are used in safety relief and unloading valves to prevent leakage from tank trucks and trailers, rail cars, ships and barges carrying hazardous and corrosive chemicals. Compliance with new government restrictions can be easier with Kalrez® parts.

4. In semiconductor manufacturing operations, O-rings and other parts are utilized to seal aggressive chemical reagents and specialty gases required for processing silicon chips. Also, the combination of thermal stability and low outgassing characteristics are desirable in furnaces for growing crystals and in high vacuum applications. 5. In energy production, V-ring packer seals, O-rings, T-seals, and custom parts are used in sour gas and oil wells at pressure differentials up to 138MPa (20.000 psi) and temperatures of 232°C. Specialty electrical connector boots are used in logging equipment for gas, oil, and geothermal steam wells at temperatures up to 307°C / 575°F. 6. In aircraft and aerospace industries, lip seals, diaphragms, O-rings, and custom designed parts are used on aircraft engines and rocket propellant systems. Because of their excellent thermal stability and resistance to aero-lubricants fuels, hydraulic media, hydrazine, oxidizers such as dinitrogen tetroxide, and other aggressive fluids, Kalrez® parts are especially suited for a number of demanding applications.

On the following pages, ERIKS presents the next generation of Kalrez® compounds from DuPont Performance Elastomers.


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6. Compound Selection - Kalrez® Kalrez® SpectrumTM - long-term service and exceptional value in use Chemical and hydrocarbon processors must contain some of the most hazardous materials used in manufacturing. Kalrez® SpectrumTM perfluoroelastomer parts were designed to reliably seal in the most demanding environments. For applications where there are mixed streams, unknowns in the process, or process excursions, Kalrez® SpectrumTM 6375 provides the broadest chemical resistance. Kalrez® SpectrumTM 6375 withstands aggressive chemical families including acids, amines, bases, aldehydes, ethylene oxide, and hot water/steam. Such broad chemical resistance makes 6375 the preferred sealing material across many applications which will allow for seal standardization and lower part inventory. For many years Kalrez® 4079 was the standard for difficult sealing applications. Today Kalrez® SpectrumTM 7075 offers an improved level of chemical resistance over 4079. Although Kalrez® SpectrumTM 6375 is the best choice for most applications requiring chemical resistance, 7075 is the choice for service at elevated temperatures.

Kalrez® Spectrum™ 6375 - Broad chemical resistance Kalrez® Spectrum™ 7075 - Thermal resistance Temperature

Compression set

Solvents

Steam

Seal force retention

0

Acids

Amines

Bases

Kalrez® 4079 Kalrez® Spectrum™ 6375 Kalrez® Spectrum™ 7075

Thermal resistance compatible with application requirements An elastomer’s thermal stability and chemical resistance are usually the first performance characteristics considered when determining elastomeric seal compatibility. Kalrez® SpectrumTM 6375 and 7075 provide end-s options based on specification requirements. Because the majority of the chemical and hydrocarbon processing environments operate below 260°C, Kalrez® SpectrumTM 6375 is a safe and economical choice for applications in a variety of harsh environments. With an operating temperature up to 275°C and broad chemical resistance, 6375 provides reliable sealing in a variety of environments to allow for seal standardization and lower inventory. For operating conditions above 275°C, Kalrez® SpectrumTM 7075 is the choice over Kalrez® SpectrumTM 6375. Kalrez® 4079 has been the product of choice in higher temperature applications for many years. Now 7075 provides better thermal resistance, compression set and sealing force retention, as well as an overall improvement in chemical resistance. This combination of properties makes it an excellent choice for applications in high temperatures or temperature cycling conditions that require good dynamic properties and excellent compression set.

Table 2 - Chemical resistance Chemical Kalrez® Resistance to: Spectrum 7075 Aromatic/Aliphatic oils ++++ Acids ++++ Bases +++ Alcohols ++++ Aldehydes ++++ Amines ++ Ethers ++++ Esters ++++ Ketones ++++ Steam/Hot Water ++ Strong Oxidizers ++ Ethylene Oxide +++ Hot air ++++

Kalrez® 4079 ++++ ++++ +++ ++++ +++ + ++++ ++++ ++++ + ++ x ++++

Kalrez® 6375 ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ +++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++++ ++ ++++ +++

++++ = Excellent, +++ = Very good, ++ = Good, + = Fair, x = Not recommended.


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6. Compound Selection - Kalrez® Kalrez® SpectrumTM 6375 Kalrez® SpectrumTM 6375, designed specifically for the chemical process industry, combines new polymer technology with innovative patented curing technology. Compound 6375 is designed to give outstanding performance in the widest possible range of chemicals and temperatures. This product is an excellent choice for use in acids, bases, amines, steam, ethylene oxide, and many other aggressive chemicals. Mixed streams, once a problem for many chemical processors, can now be handled by compound 6375. The new curing system also allows for a continuous upper service temperature of 275°C (525°F). This is approximately 40°C (100°F) higher than other products claiming broad chemical resistance. This high temperature stability translates to increased chemical resistance over all temperature ranges, especially if high temperature process excursions occur. This combination of chemical and thermal resistance provides advantages for chemical processors. Today, chemical processors use several perfluoroelastomer parts, including compounds 4079, 1050LF, and 2035, to optimize chemical and thermal performance. Kalrez® SpectrumTM 6375 may be used in many applications to displace these products. However, if optimum chemical resistance is required, then applications must be individually reviewed for the optimum compound selection. Typical Physical Properties Hardness, Shore A 100% Modulus2 Tensile Strength At Break Elongation At Break Compression Set3, 70h/204°C Maximum Service Temperature 2 3

6375 7075 75 75 7,2 MPa 7,58 MPa 15,1 MPa 17,91 MPa 160% 160% 30% 15% 275°C (525°F) 327°C (620°F)

Kalrez® SpectrumTM 7075 Kalrez® SpectrumTM 7075 s the family of Kalrez® SpectrumTM products designed for the chemical processing industry. Compound 7075 broadens the family of SpectrumTM sealing options with enhanced physical performance properties including very low compression set and improved seal force retention. Kalrez® 7075 o-rings have a glossy finish for dynamic applications that may benefit from less drag. Kalrez® SpectrumTM 7075 is designed for general-purpose use as o-rings or custom sealing components in the chemical and hydrocarbon processing industries. It is a carbon black-filled compound with mechanical properties designed for improved sealing performance in temperature cycling applications. 7075 has improved thermal resistance that extends maximum service temperature to 327°C (620 °F). It is not suggested for use in severe aqueous and amine applications where Kalrez® SpectrumTM 6375 remains the preferred compound. As always, we recommend the specific chemicals, service temperature and pressure be reviewed for the optimal compound selection in each application. Kalrez® SpectrumTM 7075 offers very low compression set as measured by ASTM D395 to predict heat resistance. DuPont Performance Elastomers compression set testing extends the standard ASTM 70 hour protocol to include 336 and 672-hour compression set testing, which better predicts long-term o-ring performance. Less compression set results in improved sealing and longer service life. Kalrez® SpectrumTM 7075 also offers approximately 10% higher seal force retention than Kalrez® 4079, as measured under the conditions of ISO 3384 (Figure 2). Higher seal force retention equates to better elastomeric properties at service temperature and pressure, resulting in more reliable, long-term seal performance.

ASTM D 412 ASTM D 395 B, O-rings


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6. Compound Selection - Kalrez® Kalrez® Spectum™ 7090 Kalrez® Spectrum™ 7090 - the latest addition to the Kalrez® Spectrum™ family of products - is targeted for static and dynamic sealing in applications requiring high hardness, higher modulus, and extrusion resistance at continuous service temperatures as high as 325°C. Kalrez® SpectrumTM 7090 offers s an impressive combination of mechanical properties, including: • outstanding compression set resistance and seal force retention, • excellent response to temperature cycling effects, • high resistance to rapid gas decompression, • outstanding thermal stability and chemical resistance, • lower coefficient of thermal expansion than other Kalrez® parts - minimizing need to increase free volume of seal gland when upgrading from FKM to FFKM. Typical Physical Properties 7090 Hardness, Shore A 50% Modulus2 Tensile Strength At Break Compression Set3, 70h/204°C Maximum Service Temperature

90 15,5 MPa 22,75 MPa 12% 325°C (617°F)

2

ASTM D 1414 & D 412 (AS568 K214 O-ring test specimen)

3

ASTM D 1414 & D 395B (AS568 K214 O-ring test specimen

140 Kalrez® 3018 120

Average Compression set (%)

100

80

Kalrez® Spectrum™ 7075

60


40

20

0 -

200

400

600

800

Immersion Time (hours) Test Method: ASTM D395B, size 214 O-rings


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6. Compound Selection - Kalrez® FAQs about Kalrez® Spectrum™ How are Kalrez® Spectrum™ products different from other Kalrez® products? Kalrez®SpectrumTM perfluoroelastomer parts were designed to provide the best value and performance to meet the demands of the chemical and hydrocarbon processing industries (I/HPI) for broader chemical resistance, higher thermal resistance and better sealing force.

How economical are the Kalrez® Spectrum™ products? Kalrez® SpectrumTM 6375 is more economical than other Kalrez® products. Additional savings may be obtained if you standardize on Kalrez® SpectrumTM 6375 to handle all your existing applications versus carrying multiple types in inventory. Kalrez® SpectrumTM 7075 should have comparable economics to Kalrez® products you have used in the past.

Which Kalrez® Spectrum™ product is best to use when my process has multiple chemical streams? Kalrez® SpectrumTM 6375 has the broadest chemical resistance and is, therefore, more suitable for processes with multiple chemical streams or even unknown chemical streams. And, even if the process requires hot water flushes or steam cleaning, Kalrez® SpectrumTM 6375 will most likely handle the job.

Is Kalrez® 4079 being phased out? Absolutely not! Kalrez® 4079 has been the industry standard for over 20 years and is specified in many applications where it demonstrates outstanding performance. We will continue to make and supply our current products that meet the value and performance requirements of our many loyal customers and end s. In addition to our current product line, we will continue to develop the Kalrez® SpectrumTM line of products to meet the ever increasing requirements of the chemical and hydrocarbon industries.

What is best to use in my temperature-cycling process? Kalrez® SpectrumTM 7075 has the highest thermal resistance and sealing force retention, which makes it suitable for processes which elevate in temperature for a period of time and then return to lower process temperatures, while retaining its resilient properties.

Compression set resistance at 204°C

100 90

Compression set (%)

80 70 Kalrez® Spectrum™ 6375

60 50

Kalrez® 4079

40 30


20 10 0

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Exposure (hours) Test Method: ASTM D395B, 214 O-ring 25% compression


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6. Compound Selection - Kalrez® Table 3 - Resistance to volume swell of Kalrez® Spectrum™ 6375 Chemical Water Glacial acetic acid Nitric acid (70%) Sulfuric acid (98%) Ammonium hydroxide Ethylene oxide Epichlorohydrin Butyraldehyde Toluene diisocyanate HCFC 134a

Temperature °C (°F) 225 (437) 100 (212) 85 (185) 150 (302) 100 (212) 50 (122) 100 (212) 70 (158) 100 (212) 25 (77)

(1)

Kalrez® Nearest Competitive Spectrum™ 6375 FFKM A C A A B C A C B B A A A A A B A B A A

(1) Exposure time = 672 hours. A = 1-10% volume swell, B = 10-20% volume swell, C= > 20% volume swell.

Kalrez® Spectrum™ 6375 combines low volume swell with good physical properties retention. Low volume swell is critical to sealing performance in many applications. The result of lab testing to determine volume swell of Kalrez® Spectrum™ 6375 when exposed to some of the most aggressive fluids in the industry are shown here:

Graph. 1 Volume change in ethylene oxide at 50°C, size 214 O-rings, ASTM D471

Volume change % 15 Kalrez® 2035

10

Competitive FFKM

5


0 100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Exposure time, Hours


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6. Compound Selection - Kalrez® Graph. 2 Volume change in 98% sulfuric acid at 150°C, size 214 O-rings, ASTM D471 Volume change % 35 30 25

Competitive FFKM

20 15 Kalrez® Spectrum™ 6375

10 5

Kalrez® 4079

0 100

200

300

400

500

600

700


Graph. 3 Volume change in toluene diisocyanate at 100°C, size 214 O-rings, ASTM D471 Volume change % 35 30 Competitive FFKM

25 20 15 10

Kalrez® Spectrum™ 6375 Kalrez® 4079

5 0 100

200

300

400

500

600

700



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6. Compound Selection - Kalrez® Graph. 4 - Volume change in water at 225°C, size 214 O-rings, ASTM D471

Volume change %

60

40

Competitive FFKM

20

Kalrez® Spectrum™ 6375 Kalrez® 2035

0 100

200

300

400

500

600

700


Graph. 5 - Compression set at 240°C, size 214 O-rings, ASTM D471 Force retention % 100 90


80 Kalrez® 4079

70 60 50 40 0

200

400

600

800



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6. Compound Selection - Kalrez® in Semicon Industry Chemical resistance that is nearly universal, coupled with superior high temperature properties, enables Kalrez® parts to withstand virtually any process media - including plasma - at temperatures up to 327°C (620°F). By selecting the Kalrez® compound that is best suited to a specific application, processors can improve seal performance in all wafer fabricating operations, including thermal, gas/vacuum, dry plasma, and wet chemical systems. Kalrez® gives long-term sealing performance at high temperatures Kalrez® perfluoroelastomer parts retain elastic recovery properties and sealing force far better than other heat resistant elastomers - even after long term exposure at temperatues as high as 327°C (620°F). This thermal relaxation/stress aging test is a direct indication of long-term sealing effectiveness at elevated temperatures. Kalrez® Spectrum™ 7075 offers new high temperature performance standard for the I industry DuPont Performance Elastomers has unveiled Kalrez® Spectrum™ 7075, the first Kalrez® Spectrum™ product line expansion designed specifically for high temperature resistance in the chemical processing industry. Customers have already reported exceptional seal performance in preliminary product testing, especially in mechanical seal applications. Kalrez® Spectrum™ 7075 builds on the exceptional performance of Kalrez® 4079. By choosing 7075, customers will benefit from even longer seal life and increased mean time between repairs as a result of: • Very low compression set at 204°C for 70 hours (15 %) • Enhanced sealing force retention. • Higher thermal resistance, up to 327°C / 620°F. In addition 7075 offers broader chemical resistance and better cool down set recovery than Kalrez® 4079, and provides a smoother, glossier finish than other Kalrez® products.

Kalrez® 9100 – The New ‘Workhorse’ For Deposition Applications The new Kalrez® 9100 exhebits ultra low particle generation and combines the best features of existing Kalrez® compounds for the semicon industry. Kalrez® 9100 is an amber translucent product targeted specifically for deposition process applications, i.e., HDPCVD, PECVD, SACVD, Metal CVD, ALD, etc. It has also exhibited excellent performance in “select” etching and ashing/stripping process applications. Kalrez® 9100 has been specifically designed for low erosion and ultra-low particle generation in harsh plasma environments. It offers outstanding thermal stability, very low outgassing as well as excellent elastic recovery and mechanical strength properties and is well suited for both static and dynamic sealing applications. A maximum continuous service temperature of 300°C is suggested. Ultrapure post-cleaning and packaging is standard for all parts made from Kalrez® 9100. Kalrez® 9100 has been reported to significantly improve wafer production in a variety of semiconductor process applications, i.e., HDPCVD, PECVD, etching, ashing, etc., where oxygen and fluorinated plasmas are used during the cleaning cycle. In a number of evaluations at fab line customers, Kalrez® 9100 exhibited less erosion, lower particle generation and longer seal life compared to competitive perfluoroelastomers in both static and dynamic sealing applications. Kalrez® Application Guide The Kalrez® Application Guide is ready to be ed from the internet in the always up-to-date version. The easy guide to choosing the best perfluoroelastomer seal for an application now includes the latest chemical processing and semi-conductor compounds from Kalrez®. It helps in compound selection by rating the resistance of Kalrez® compounds to virtually any combination of temperature and chemical media, and it helps you in seal design. The seal design selection will assist in deg a groove for a specific O-ring, and calculate seal performance parameters in various temperature and swell conditions at minimum and maximum O-ring groove tolerance.

NOW at: www.dupontelastomers.com


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6. Compound Selection - Kalrez® in Semicon Industry

Relative Particle Generation (Log Scale)

Relative Paricle Generation (Log Scale), 6 hours at 200 Watts, 0.5 Torr, Direct exposure, Downstream Plasma Reactor 10000

1000

100

10

1

Kalrez® 9100

Nano Silica Filled

Metallic Oxide Filled

FFKM

FFKM

Kalrez® for specific semicon processes Semicon Process Plasma

Suggested Compound 9100 - Optimum for deposition process applications. Low erosion rate and ultra-low particle generation in oxygen and fluorine-based plasmas. Excellent elastic recovery properties.

Thermal Wet

Alternatively: 8085 - General purpose product for all plasma processes. Excellent mechanical strength properties. 8002 - Transparent product for “select” plasma process applications. Ultra-low particle generation in oxygen and fluorine-based plasmas. 7075UP - Optimum for LPCVD, ALD, oxidation and diffusion thermal process applications. 8475 - Optimum for lamp anneal and RTP thermal process applications. 6375UP - Optimum for wet process applications.

Alternatively: 4079 - Excellent chemical resistance. 1050LF - Excellent amine resistance.


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6. Compound Selection - Kalrez® in Semicon Industry Suggested Products for Semiconductor Use Kalrez® 9100 is an amber translucent product targeted specifically for deposition process applications, i.e., HDPCVD, PECVD, SACVD, Metal CVD, ALD, etc. It has also exhibited excellent performance in “select” etching and ashing/stripping process applications. Kalrez® 9100 has been specifically designed for low erosion and ultra-low particle generation in harsh plasma environments. If offers outstanding thermal stability and very low outgassing as well as excellent elastic recovery and mechanical strength properties and is well suited for both static and dynamic sealing applications (e.g., gas inlet seals, gas orifice seals, chamber lid seals, isolation valve seals, bonded gate valve/slit valve door seals, etc.). A maximum continuous service temperature of 300°C is suggested. Kalrez® Sahara™ 8085 is a beige, general purpose product for all plasma process applications, i.e., etching, ashing/stripping, HDPCVD, PECVD, SACVD, etc. It has been formulated for minimal particle generation in NF3 plasma. Kalrez® Sahara™ 8085 exhibits very low particle generation and low weight loss in oxygen and fluorine-based plasma, has excellent mechanical properties and is well-suited for both static and dynamic sealing applications (e.g., bonded slit valve doors, bonded gate valves, bonded pendulum valves, gas orifice seals, gas inlets, gas feedthrough seals, chamber lid seals, etc.). A maximum continuous service temperature of 240°C is suggested. Kalrez® Sahara™ 8085 can also withstand short-term excursions up to 275°C.

Kalrez® Sahara™ 8475 has been specifically developed to meet the challenging requirements associated with sealing applications in semiconductor thermal processes (i.e., oxidation, diffusion furnace, LPCVD, RTP, lamp anneal, etc.). It exhibits excellent thermal stability and long-term sealing performance, less IR absorption and significantly reduced outgassing properties at elevated temperatures. Kalrez® Sahara™ 8475 has good mechanical properties and is well-suited for static and low stress/low sealing force applications (e.g., quartz tube seals, ball t seals, bell jar seals, plenum seals, etc.). A maximum continuous service temperature of 300°C is suggested. Kalrez® 6375UP is a black product for semiconductor wet process applications. This product exhibits excellent chemical resistance to all different types of wet process chemicals including acids, bases and amine-base strippers. It features low elemental extractables with good mechanical and compression set properties and is well-suited for both static and dynamic wet process seal applications (e.g., filter seals, drain seals, flowmeters). A maximum continuous service temperature of 275°C is suggested. More Kalrez® compounds for use in select semicon applications available. Ultrapure post-cleaning and packaging is standard for parts made from Kalrez® 9100, Sahara™ 8085, 8002, 7075UP, Sahara™ 8475 and 6375UP.

Kalrez® 8002 is a clear, transparent product targeted specifically for “select” plasma process applications, i.e., etching, ashing/ stripping, deposition etc. This unfilled product offers ultralow particle generation in oxygen and fluorine-based plasmas versus mineral-filled products. Kalrez® 8002 exhibits excellent resistance to dry process chemicals, has good mechanical properties and is well suited for static, low stress/low sealing force and “select” bonded door seal applications. A maximum continuous service temperature of 275°C is suggested. Kalrez® 7075UP is a black product targeted specifically for semiconductor oxidation, diffusion furnace and LPCVD thermal process applications. It offers outstanding thermal stability, very low outgassing and excellent compression set properties. Kalrez® 7075UP exhibits excellent seal force retention, has good mechanical properties and is well suited for both static and dynamic sealing applications. A maximum continuous service temperature of 327°C is suggested. Short excursions to higher temperatures may also be possible.


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6. Compound Selection - specials Kalrez® Compounds Kalrez® Compound

Hardness Tensile Strength Compression Max. Service (Shore A) (MPa) Set (%)* Temp. (°C/°F)

Colour

Segment

Spectrum 6375 75 15,16 25 275 / 527 Black I Spectrum 7075 75 17,91 12 327 / 620 Black I 4079 75 16,88 25 316 / 600 Black I 1050LF 82 18,6 35 288 / 550 Black I 1058 65 8,96 40 260 / 500 Black I 3018 91 21,7 35 288 / 550 Black I 2037 79 16,88 27 220 / 428 White I 6221 70 15,16 31 260 / 500 White Pharma/Food 6230 75 16,54 30 260 / 500 Black Pharma/Food 9100 74*** 11,85 17** 300 / 572 Amber Semicon translucent 8085 80 16,3 42** 240 / 464 Beige Semicon 8002 69 15,95 15** 275 / 527 Clear Semicon translucent Spectrum 75 17,91 15 327 / 620 Black Semicon 7075UP 8475 60 11,35 23** 300 / 572 White Semicon Spectrum 75 15,16 25 275 / 527 Black Semicon 6375UP 8575 62 29 300 / 527 White Semicon 4079 75 16,88 25 316 / 600 Black Semicon 2037 79 16,88 27 220 / 428 White Semicon 1050LF 82 18,6 35 288 / 550 Black Semicon Spectrum 7090 90 22,75 12 325/617 black I

Application

Broadest chem. resistance High temp., temp. cycles, steam, amines General General, steam, amines Applications require low sealing force High pressure, steam Oxidizing environment FDA, USP FDA, USP Deposition processes Plasma Selected plasma Thermal Thermal Wet Selected etching, ashing stripping and deposition Wet Selected plasma and gas deposition Selected wet with high amine content High pressure, high temperature

In collaboration with DuPont Performance Elastomers ERIKS offers an FEA analysis of sealing applications to aid in the correct selection of Kalrez® O-ring compounds. *acc. to ASTM D 395B (pellet test specimen unless otherwise noted) **acc. to ASTM D 395B and ASTM D 1414 (AS568A K214 O-ring test specimens) ***Shore M acc. to ASTM D 2240 and ASTM D 1415 (AS568A K214 O-ring test specimens)


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6. Compound Selection - Encapsulated Teflex 1. Why are Teflex O-Rings needed? There are certain applications which prohibit the use of conventional rubber O-Ring seals. The use of hostile chemicals or extreme temperatures (both high and low) during various processes can make effective sealing very difficult. Many seal manufacturers have produced different "high performance" materials for these applications. ERIKS has contributed to this area by introducing Teflex. The following is the summary of these "high performance" products compared with Teflex.

There are certain applications for which we would not recommend the use of Teflex.

Solid PTFE Solid PTFE O-Rings enjoy true chemical inertness. This is the only advantage over Teflex. PTFE suffers badly from cold flow and has little memory to return to its original form.

2. Introduction to Teflex A Teflex O-Ring comprises an elastomeric energising core, which has a seamless jacket made from a fluoropolymer.

• Dynamic use where high speeds and poor surface finishes are encountered. • Where the housing design requires excessive stretch. Teflex is very difficult to stretch. • When the media in with the O-Ring has an abrasive nature, sand, slurry, etc..

jacket core

PTFE enveloped Enveloped O-Rings too enjoy true chemical inertness and are low in cost to produce. The design of the PTFE envelope may allow the chemical to reach and attack the core material resulting in premature failure.

PTFE coated O-Rings coated with suspended PTFE dispersion give some low friction properties but the coating is easily removed. This method of manufacture is low in cost but offers practically no chemical protection.

The elastomeric core may be Viton® or Silicone. The jacket is made from Teflon® FEP or PFA. 10 years of experience with these O-Rings indicate this product is a perfect sealing solution for typical applications. ERIKS’ worldwide experience with thousands of applications ensures that Teflex is a quality product.

Perfluoroelastomer A Perfluoroelastomer is the most technically advanced O-Ring material for corrosive applications. O-Rings made from Perfluoro offer very easy installation properties and display conventional elastomer characteristics. They are however very expensive to produce and do not offer any low friction advantages.

Metallic (Tubular) Tubular metallic O-Rings offer very good chemical resistance, high pressure ability, and flexible temperature ranges. They do however require very precise housing and surface finish detail and again can be quite expensive to produce.


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6. Compound Selection - Encapsulated Teflex 3. Material specifications FEP is a copolymer of hexafluoropropylene and TFE. PFA is also a copolymer of TFE but with perfluorinated ether. ERIKS Viton® compound has been designed specifically to give optimun compression set characteristics. This feature is paramount in the cores function of energising the Teflon jacket and aiding its recovery from compression. ERIKS Viton® compound meets the following specifications: Hardness: ASTM D 2240 75° ± 5° Shore ‘A’ Tensile strenght: ASTM D 412 min. 10.7 MPa Elongation: ASTM D 412 min. 213% Specific weight: ASTM D 1817 2.32 ± 0.04 Compression set: ASTM D 395B on slab 4.6% (175°C) on O-Ring 5mm < 10% (200°C) Heat ageing ASTM D 573 Hardness Tensile strenght Elongation change

+3° +15% -29%

ERIKS silicone compound meets the following specification: Hardness: ASTM D 2240 min. 70 ± 5° Shore ‘A’ Tensile strenght: ASTM D 412 min. 8.6 MPa Elongation: ASTM D 412 min. 280% Specific weight: ASTM D 1817 1.26 Compression set: ASTM D 395B 22h/175° < 32% Silicone is FDA compliant.

4. Markets and applications There is hardly a market in which Teflex O-Rings are not currently utilised and they are very well established in the following industries: chemical processing and production, oil extraction, petrochemical refining, pharmaceutical production, food and drink processing, paint and die manufacture, refrigeration engineering, cosmetics and perfumery, automotive components, and aerospace engineering. Mechanical seals

Valves

Filter elements

Pumps

Mixers and vessels

Heat exchangers

Flanges

5. Installation The correct installation of Teflex O-Rings is essential for prolonged seal life. A very large percentage of seal problems are caused by incorrect fitting procedures. To fit a Teflex O-Ring into an internal bore type housing the seal needs to be collapsed. This is best achieved by immersing the seal in hot water (60°-80°C) prior to fitting which gives much greater flexibility to the jacket. Take the seals out of the water one at a time and quickly slide the seal into the bore ing the leading edge over and past the groove. It is important that the groove is chamfered and free from burrs or damage will be caused to the jacket. After the trailing edge of the seal is located into the groove, the leading edge has to be pulled backwards taking care to apply even pressure around the circumference of the seal to avoid kinking of the jacket. Snap the O-Ring into the groove and smooth out evenly. It may be wise to insert the shaft before the O-Ring cools down. It is important that the surface finish should not exeed 20 microinch.

61


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6. Compound Selection - Encapsulated Teflex 6. Availability The following are examples of such formats but we would consider any requests for special items not displayed here.

Pfa Jacket on solid Viton® core

Circular Circular shapes are by far the most common and for over ninety percent of the current production. Available as small as 5 mm inside diameter with no upper diameter limit.

Pfa offers higher abrasion resistance to that of Fep and the cost is approximately 50% higher. The temperature range is -20°C to +204°C / -4°F to +392°F.

Oval Oval shapes are used mainly in "inspection hatch" applications on chemical vessels. ERIKS can produce most of the common hatch sizes as well as non standards. Semi circular Semi circular shapes are used for both inspection hatch and heat exchanger sealing. There are no standard sizes avai-lable but tooling costs are very low so most applications are worth serious consideration.

Pfa Jacket on solid Silicone core

This combination is preferred for higher temperature applications. The Pfa jacket shares the same temperature service limits as the Silicone core. The temperature range is -60°C to +260°C / -76°F to +500°F.

Fep Jacket on hollow Silicone core or hollow Viton® core Square and rectangular Square and rectangular shapes are used in many applications such as heat exchanger plate and pump housings. All the above shapes (excluding circular) have to be produced with radiused corners and are priced on application.

Used commonly where low seal loading is encountered. For slow reciprocating or rotary movement, the hollow core does not offer as much of an energising load thus reducing jacket wear and premature failure.

Fep Jacket on solid Viton® core Pfa Jacket on hollow Silicone core or hollow Viton® core This the most popular combination and indeed the most technically capable in providing a compression seal. The Viton® core compound has been specifically formulated to give very low compression set results and this characteristic speeds up the somewhat slow memory of the Fep jacket. The temperature range is -20°C to +204°C / -20°F to +392°F.

Used for the same applications as Fep on hollow Silicone core or hollow Viton® core but when additional abrasion resistance is necessary to prolong the seal life.

Fep Jacket on solid Silicone core

Fep Jacket on Solid Viton® or Silicone core

This combination again is very popular and this is due to lower cost against that of the Viton® core. Technically it is inferior to Viton® except when used for low temperature use. The temperature range is -60°C to +204°C / -76°F to +392°F.

Rectangular and square sections can be produced and ERIKS has a standard range of gaskets in the price list section for cam action type hose couplings. These provide a far superior alternative to envelope gaskets or solid Ptfe ts. The temperature range is -20°C to +204°C / -4°F to +392°F.


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6. Compound Selection - Encapsulated Teflex 7. Size range Teflex O-Rings are manufactured according to standard sizes: • Metric • BS 1806 • BS 4518 • AS 568, AS 871 • JIS B2401 • and also as non-standards to customer requirement.

Thickness of the FEP/PFA jacket: Following thickness are standard: Ø section from 1,78 mm from 2,62 mm from 3,53 mm from 5,34 mm from 6,99 mm

Thickness FEP/PFA 0,24 mm 0,34 mm 0,36 mm 0,50 mm 0,55 mm

Size range smallest inside Ø possible (in mm) Viton® Silicone Silicone/Viton® Core Core Hollow Core 10,00 5,00 not possible 10,00 5,28 8,0 10,00 6,80 10,00 12,00 7,40 12,00 12,00 7,60 16,00 15,00 12,00 20,00 15,00 12,50 23,00 15,00 13,00 24,00 16,00 14,00 28,00 17,00 14,50 32,00 18,00 15,00 35,00 22,00 20,00 42,00 25,00 22,00 48,00 27,00 23,00 50,00 27,00 24,00 60,00 30,00 27,00 75,00 40,00 40,00 90,00 50,00 50,00 100,00 75,00 75,00 150,00 80,00 80,00 160,00 100,00 100,00 175,00 120,00 105,00 200,00 140,00 110,00 230,00 150,00 115,00 250,00 180,00 120,00 300,00 190,00 130,00 350,00

TEFLON® FEP Ø d2

Cord (mm) 1,60 1,78 2,00 2,50 2,62 3,00 3,40 3,53 4,00 4,25 4,50 5,00 5,33 5,50 5,70 6,00 6,35 6,99 8,00 8,40 9,00 9,52 10,00 11,10 12,00 12,70

Ø d1

Viton® or Silicone Solid core

Silicone hollow core

There is no upper limit to inside diameters. Please refer to the design and installation section for housing details. It is not recommend to stretch O-Rings smaller than 12 mm inside diameter. This often results in breakage of the core which is not vulcanised on small sizes.


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6. Compound Selection - Encapsulated Teflex Cross Section Tolerances

Teflex® O-Ring Cross Section Tolerances

The cross sectional tolerances for Teflex O-Rings differ to those achievable with moulded O Rings.

larger d1 leaves w equally round d1 w

If an Teflex O-Ring is produced with a medium to large inside diameter (d1) the cross sectional diameter (w) remains reasonably round. However, when Teflex O-Rings are produced with small inside diameters, the cross section (w) takes a degree of ovality. This is due to the memory of the jacket material and the result is that the axial height (a) may become greater than the radial width (r).

smaller d1 leaves w oval

a

r

This cross section ovality means that a wider set of tolerances have to be applied to Teflex O-Rings as per the following chart.

Note however that hollow core rings cannot be produced as small as solid rings, see range of diameters applicable to hollow core in previous chart.

Cross section tolerance depending on O-ring inner diameter (w) d1 to d1 w± d1 > w± 1.60 5.00 - 10.0 0.12 0.10 1.78 5.28 - 12.0 0.12 0.10 2.00 6.80 - 15.0 0.12 0.10 2.40 7.40 - 17.0 0.15 0.12 2.50 7.40 - 17.0 0.15 0.12 2.62 7.60 - 18.0 0.15 0.12 3.00 12.0 - 20.0 0.20 0.15 3.40 12.5 - 22.5 0.20 0.15 3.53 13.0 - 25.0 0.20 0.15 3.60 13.0 - 25.0 0.20 0.15 4.00 14.0 - 30.0 0.30 0.25 4.25 14.5 - 35.0 0.30 0.25 4.50 15.0 - 40.0 0.30 0.25 5.00 20.0 - 45.0 0.30 0.25 5.34 22.0 - 50.0 0.30 0.25 5.50 23.0 - 52.0 0.30 0.25 5.70 24.0 - 54.0 0.30 0.25 6.00 27.0 - 56.0 0.35 0.30 6.35 40.0 - 58.0 0.35 0.30 6.50 45.0 - 59.0 0.35 0.30 6.99 50.0 - 60.0 0.35 0.30 8.00 75.0 - 90.0 0.45 0.40 8.40 76.0 - 100.0 0.45 0.40 9.00 95.0 - 125.0 0.45 0.40 9.52 105.0 - 150.0 0.45 0.40 10.00 110.0 - 170.0 0.60 0.50 10.50 112.0 - 180.0 0.60 0.50 11.10 115.0 - 200.0 0.60 0.50 12.00 120.0 - 250.0 0.60 0.50 12.70 130.0 - 300.0 0.60 0.50 14.00 180.0 - 300.0 0.60 0.50 14.30 180.0 - 400.0 0.75 0.60 15.00 250.0 - 450.0 0.75 0.60 15.90 280.0 - 500.0 0.85 0.70 18.00 325.0 - 700.0 1.00 0.80 19.05 350.0 - 750.0 1.00 0.80 20.63 400.0 - 875.0 1.00 0.90 25.40 425.0 - 1000.0 1.25 0.90 30.00 475.0 - 1250.0 1.50 1.20 32.00 500.0 - 1500.0 1.75 1.50


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6. Compound Selection - Encapsulated Teflex Inside Diameter (d1) Tolerance It is not possible to produce Teflex O-Rings to the same inside diameter tolerance as a moulded O-Ring. Due to the temperature sensitivity of Teflon®, Teflex O-Rings are produced and controlled to conform with ISO 3302-1 M2F. d1 5.0mm thro 16.0mm 16.0mm thro 25.0mm 25.1mm thro 40.0mm 40.1mm thro 63.0mm 63.1mm thro 100.0mm 100.1mm thro 160.0mm thereafter the tolerance will be of thenominal inside diameter of the ring

tol +/- 0.20 +/- 0.25 +/- 0.35 +/- 0.40 +/- 0.50 +/- 0.70 +/- 0.5%

9. Compressive load requirements Designers may require information showing details of compressive load required for Teflex O-Rings. In order to provide this information, ERIKS conducted tests on each of the common cross sectional diameters within our range of products. Samples were taken from typical production batches and tested to 10,15, and 20% compression rates. It is possible, using the following table, to obtain the total force required to effect a desired compression of a Teflex O-Ring, thus allowing accurate selection of sufficient mechanical loading.

Normal

10%

15%

20%

example : inside diameter of 310.0mm tolerance = +/- 1.55mm (0.5%)

8. Chemical resistance FEP and PFA Teflex O-Rings don’t absorbs most chemical until the temperature reaches 200°C. In the next diagram are the absorption figures at different temperatures:

Chemical product Temp °C Time Aniline 185 168 h Benzaldehyde 200 168 h Tetrachloride 78 168 h Freon 113 47 168 h Nitrobenzene 210 168 h Toluene 110 168 h Sulfuric acid 50% 100 168 h Phosphoric acid 100 168 h Sulfuric acid 30% 70 1 year Chlorid acid 20% 70 1 year Aceton 70 168 h Benzene 78 168 h

% Absorption 0,3 0,7 2,3 1,23 0,8 0,8 0,01 0,01 0 0 0 0,5

VITON® SILICONE SILICONE DIAM. Solid core Solid core HOllow core mm Compression Compression Compression 10% 15% 20% 10% 15% 20% 10% 15% 20% 1,60 16 26 40 20 33 48 1,78 26 40 53 22 35 48 2,00 34 53 77 30 46 59 2,50 40 66 95 40 59 78 2,62 29 44 64 23 38 53 3,00 70 107 140 36 60 82 27 38 50 3,53 54 91 120 32 57 83 28 44 58 4,00 51 82 111 56 87 108 23 36 45 4,50 75 107 139 53 84 110 41 55 65 5,00 91 126 182 39 64 89 50 70 87 5,34 82 117 145 96 138 191 54 77 94 5,50 45 83 116 37 65 93 5,70 79 116 115 58 88 112 6,00 86 126 169 53 86 113 46 72 91 6,99 95 135 201 101 135 201 46 63 80 8,00 101 147 213 82 122 163 66 96 121 9,52 115 173 247 84 125 175 10,00 122 192 281 117 174 246 12,00 124 194 279 59 93 126 Figures in N/25mm length


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6. Compound Selection - Encapsulated Teflex 10. Groove dimensions Table 1

Table 1 - Piston/Rod Sealing Application

Ø 1.60 1.78 2.00 2.50 2.62 3.00 3.53 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.34 5.50 5.70 6.00 6.35 6.99 8.00 8.40 9.00 9.52 10.00 11.10 12.00 12.70

‘t’ 1.20 1.30 1.50 1.90 2.00 2.30 2.75 3.15 3.60 4.00 4.30 4.50 4.65 4.95 5.25 5.85 6.75 7.20 7.70 8.20 8.65 9.65 10.60 11.45

‘b’ 1.90 2.30 2.60 3.20 3.40 3.90 4.50 5.20 5.80 6.50 6.90 7.10 7.40 7.80 8.20 9.10 10.40 10.50 11.70 12.30 13.00 14.30 15.60 16.80

H8 f7 h9

‘b’ ± 0.20

‘t’

Table 1

H9 H8 f7

Table 2 - Axial Face Sealing Application

66

Ø 1.60 1.78 2.00 2.50 2.62 3.00 3.53 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.34 5.50 5.70 6.00 6.35 6.99 8.00 8.40 9.00 9.52 10.00 11.10 12.00

‘t’ 1.20 ± 0.05 1.30 ± 0.05 1.50 ± 0.05 1.90 ± 0.05 2.00 ± 0.05 2.30 ± 0.05 2.75 ± 0.05 3.15 ± 0.05 3.60 ± 0.05 4.00 ± 0.05 4.30 ± 0.05 4.50 ± 0.05 4.65 ± 0.05 4.95 ± 0.05 5.25 ± 0.05 5.85 ± 0.05 6.75 ± 0.10 7.15 ± 0.10 7.70 ± 0.10 8.20 ± 0.10 8.65 ± 0.10 9.70 ± 0.10 10.60 ± 0.10

‘b’ 2.10 2.30 2.60 3.20 3.40 3.90 4.50 5.20 5.80 6.50 6.90 7.10 7.40 7.80 8.20 9.10 10.40 10.90 11.70 12.30 13.00 14.30 15.60

12.70

11.40 ± 0.10

16.70

‘b’ ± 0.20

‘t’

Table 2

‘b’ ± 0.20

‘t’


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6. Compound Selection - Encapsulated Teflex 11. Approvals FDA: Food and Drug istration This data pertains to the US Federal Food and Drug ihration regulations governing the use of fluoropolymers as articles or components intended for use in with food. The Teflon FEP and PFA resins used to produce Teflex may be used as articles or components to food incompliance with FDA Regulation 21 CFR 177.1550. This specification includes acceptance by The United States Department of Agriculture for direct use in with meat or poultry food products and Food Industries Supply Association Inc for product surfaces for Dairy Equipment. USP Class VI requirements are met by Teflon FEP and PFA for use in Pharmaceutical Processing. Teflon FEP is approved for use with potable water under section 5296 certificate no 930716.

Teflon Fep - Conformity 21 CFR 177.1550 21 CFR 176.180 21 CFR 176.170

21 CFR 177.2600 21 CFR 177.1520

21 CFR 175.105 21 CFR 175.300

Teflon Pfa - conformity 21 CFR 177.1550 21 CFR 175.300

21 CFR 175.105 21 CFR 176.170

21 CFR 176.180

Viton® can be produced compliant to FDA.

12. Quality control and inspection ERIKS only uses the very best available materials and components from manufacturers such as Dupont Performance Elastomers. The laser micrometer inspection equipment is state of the art and every single Teflex O-Ring which leaves the warehouse has been individually checked for visual and mechanical compliance. Dimensional inspection AQL is 10% unless otherwise agreed. ERIKS is able to offer 100% control on dimensions. Prior to dispatch large Teflex O-Rings may be twined and coiled to reduce shipping costs. It is advised to uncoil the ring upon receipt. If this is not done, after some length of time it may be necessary to place the seal in hot water or an oven (max 80°C) for 10-20 minutes to allow the seal to return to shape.


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6. Compound Selection - Encapsulated Teflex 13. Answers to popular questions Is it possible to produce Teflex O-Rings with an EPDM or NBR core? It is possible with special EPDM (white or black). Due to the high temperatures involved in the production process it is not possible to produce Teflex O-Rings around normal elastomers. Is 48 hours emergency production possible? It is possible if we take down the set up of the actual production. So these O-Rings are more expensive. Why are small O-Rings relatively more expensive? Every O-Ring is made by hand. As one can imagine the very small items have to be manufactured, sized, and inspected in the same way as larger O-Rings but the process is much longer. Are other cross sections possible than the standard ones? Due to a special process ERIKS produces special cross section sizes. Tooling costs are necessary. Are special core materials possible? Yes. Now we are able to offer special core materials like Viton(R) GF, USP Class VI or metal detectable grades. Please us for more information.


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6. Compound Selection - Metal C- and O-rings Metal c- and o-rings are used in a wide range of industrial applications, where the use of elastomeric o-rings are restricted by temperature, corrosion, radiation, pressure, gas permeation or life time requirements. As an elastomeric o-ring a metal c- or o-ring seals due to its resilience characteristics. Also the sealing performance will increase significantly due to pressure energization. That means that the hydrostatic pressures are used to benefit the self-energization of the seal. Especially at high pressures this becomes a “sealing-advantage” and enables metal c- and o-rings to seal at 200 MPa and more.

General Properties • Sizes: Diameters from 5 mm to 7 meter. • Cross section from 0,79 mm to 12,70 mm. • Temperature: Cryogenic to +750°C. • Pressure: From ultra high vacuum to +500 MPa. • Available in circular, race track, oval and other shapes. • Excellent resistance to corrosion and radiation. • Maintains elasticity or spring back over an extended service life. • Does not suffer from explosive decompression. • Capable of reaching tightness better than 10-9 mbar.l/s. • Radiation resistant. Resilient metal seals often have to perform under extreme service conditions. Standard solutions as found in this catalogue may not always suffice this requirements. Please get in with us in case of any questions.

Plating and Coating Platings or coatings are applied to improve the sealing performance of metal seals. Depending on the required tightness, the selected seal, the media to be sealed and the condition of the mating surface, a softer or harder plating or coating shall be chosen. When temperature allows, either PTFE coating or soft silver should be applied. The soft layer, flows at seal compression into the mating surface irregularities and creates hereby the best seal performance possible. PTFE coating can achieve leak rates around 10–6 mbar.l/s, measured with the vacuum method. Metal type plating, like silver, indium, and tin to name a few, can achieve leak rates better than 10-9 mbar.l/s up to 10-12 mbar.l/s.


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6. Compound Selection - Metal C- and O-rings Heat Treatment It is recommended to heat treat all non spring energised metal c- and o-rings. The seals will perform better in the heat treated condition. Heat treatment of super alloys such as Inconel X750, Inconel 718, Haynes 214, will increase the yield strength of the material. This infl uences directly the seal performances, because of increasing seating load and a better spring back. The increased seating load will press the soft plating better into the surface irregularities, thereby creating a better seal. The higher spring back means that the intimate between the seal and the mating surface is maintained longer in case of flange deflection. Such flange deflection can be a result of high temperatures, high pressures and/or a combination thereof.

Heat treatment is mostly not required for spring energised c-rings and metal o-rings. However some demanding applications in oil and gas environment do require heat treatment to prevent material embrittlement. (Heat treatment according to Nace.) Annealing and heat treatment also improves the seal’s resistance against fatigue under cyclic loads. Structural integrity will be maintained for an extended period of time. Age hardening, annealing and solution and precipitation heat treatment is possible. Metal o-rings and some spring energised c-rings made from austenitic stainless steels, are not precipitation hardenable. These seals can only be supplied in the work hardened condition. For demanding applications and for temperatures above +400°C, it is advised to use high alloy steels only.

Heat Treatment Codes for Jacket and Spring Materials Material Code 1 Nickel alloy X-750 2 Nickel alloy 718 3 321 SS 4 Nickel alloy 600 5 304 SS 6 304 SS, high tensile 7 316 SS 8 Hastelloy 9 302 SS A ELGILLOY B HAYNES 214 C ALUMINIUM 1050 D ALLOY 625 E NIMONIC 90 F HASTELLOY C-276 G HAYNES 188 HT-1 HT-2 HT-3 HT-4 HT-5 HT-6 HT-7 HT-8

HT-1 HT-2 HT-3 HT-4 HT-5 HT-6 HT-7 X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

HT-8

X

Work Hardened Age Hardened, short cycle Annealing Solution and Precipitation Heat treatment Nace Heat treatment, Hardness max 40 HRC, Alloy 718 Nace Solution Annealing Stress Relief Age Hardened, Hardness max for NACE 62 HRC


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6. Compound Selection - Metal C- and O-rings Types of Metal C- and O-ring Seals

Metal C-rings

Code

Description

Features

CI CE

Metal C-ring Internal (CI) or External (CE) Pressure Face Seal

Designed for high pressure (system pressure energised). They require low bolting load and have good spring back properties

CA

Metal C-ring, Radial Seal for Axial Pressure

Designed to seal shaft to bore. Close tolerances on both shaft and bore are required.

CSI CSE

Spring Energised Metal C-ring, Internal (CSI) or External (CSE) Pressure Face Seal

Designed for high pressure and excellent tightness performance (system pressure energised). They require high bolting load and have good spring back properties.

CSA Spring Energised Metal C-ring, Designed to seal shaft to bore. Close tolerances Radial Seal for Axial Pressure both shaft and bore are required. on

Metal O-rings

Code

Description

Features

OI OE

Metal 0-ring Internal (OI) or External (OE) Pressure Face Seal

Designed for lower pressure ranges. Avoids ingress of the working fluid into the seal, Moderate load, moderate pressure capability.

OVI OVE

Metal O-ring internally (OVI) or externally (OVE) vented Face Seal

Designed for higher pressure. Besides the own seating load the seal is also energised by the system pressure.

OSI OSE

Metal O-ring externally (OSE) or internally (OSI) spring-energised Face Seal and Radial Seal

Designed for extreme low leakage at moderate pressures.

OGI Metal O-ring externally (OGE) or For high temperature and moderate pressure OGE internally (OGI) gas-energised applications. Face Seal 71 All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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6. Compound Selection - Metal C- and O-rings Load and Spring Back The selection of the most suitable seal for extreme service conditions is often a delicate trade off between load and spring back of the seal. The compression load or seating load has a direct relation with the obtainable tightness where as the spring back of the seal determines how well this tightness is maintained with varying temperatures and pressures. For a given seal cross section and seal type it is generally true that with maximum load the spring back is lowest. And of course that seal with minimum load will generate the highest spring back. Looking at a metal o-ring made from stainless steel, one with a thin wall and the other with a thick wall, the one with the thin wall will require lower load to be compressed to groove depth than the one with the thick wall, where the spring back of the latter will be lower than the one with the thin wall. Again looking at the same cross section metal o-ring, a seal made from Inconel X750 or Inconel 718 will have a higher load and higher spring back than a similar wall thickness metal o-ring made from stainless steel. Going over to metal c-rings, there is a certain similarity with spring back and seating load. The big difference is that metal c-rings compared with the same cross section metal o-rings, typically generate a lower load, and thus a better spring back than metal o-rings. To overcome the low load of metal c-rings, the spring energised metal c-ring was developed. This seal generates a relative high and uniform seating load with a relative high spring back. Compression or Seating Load The compression or seating load is expressed in N/mm seal circumference. The higher the load, the better the sealing performance will be. Soft plating requires lower load then harder plating. Rough surface finish of the sealing faces require a higher load to obtain similar seal performance. Non plated seals typically require extreme high loads to obtain technical tightness. It will be difficult, regardless the applied load to obtain a high tightness with unplated seals. Tightness, Plating Depending on the required tightness, medium to be sealed and temperature, a different plating or coating may be selected.

72

For tightness better than 10-9 mbar.l/s a soft plating is always required. Indium and Tin are soft platings. PTFE is a soft coating too, but the obtainable tightness is limited to 10-6 mbar.l/s., because of the own porosity of PTFE.

Silver, Gold and Copper are medium soft and require a higher load seal to obtain tightness ranges of 10-9 mbar.l/s. Silver is the most common used plating. Nickel plating, being the hardest plating requires a high load seal selection.

Plating Code S G C N L T SN IN

Plating/Coating Silver – max. 430°C Gold – max. 930°C Copper – max. 930°C Nickel – max. 1200°C Lead – max. 200°C PTFE – max. 290°C Tin – max. 200°C Indium – max. 130°C

Thickness Code 30 50 70

Plating Thickness in µm 10-30 30-50 50-70

Flange Rotation or Lift Off Big diameters and high temperatures play a decisive role in the selection of a metal seal. Flange rotation or lift off occurs under high pressure. The higher the pressure and the bigger the flange diameters, subjected to this pressure, the bolds will be subjected to a quite high stress and strain, resulting in flange rotation or lift off. For such service conditions the biggest possible cross section for the given diameter should be selected, in order to have the best possible spring back characteristics. Summary Seal Design • The groove surface finish for any selected seal should be equal or better then Ra = 1,8. For tightness equal or better than 10-9 mbar.l/s, a surface finish better than Ra = 0,8 should be applied. • Always select the biggest possible cross section for a given diameter. • Selected the softest plating allowed for the application. If bold load permits, choose the highest seal load available when medium soft plating such as silver, gold or copper is selected. • For temperatures above 350°C it is advised to use Inconel as base materials. • For pressures above 35 MPa it is advised to use c-ring type seals or vented o-rings, both with or without spring energising, depending on the required tightness. • For high temperature applications and when an o-ring type seal is required a gas filled seal may be the better option.


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6. Compound Selection - Metal C- and O-rings Groove and Seal Dimensions – Metal O-rings

Internal Pressure Face Seals (OI, OVI, OGI, OSI)

Seal Dimensions AS MT

Axial Section

DC

Tolerance

Material

Material

Diametrical

on AS

Code

Thickness

Clearance

0,89 1,19 1,57 2,39 3,18 3,96 4,78 6,35 9,53 12,70

+0,08/-0,03 +0,08/-0,03 +0,08/-0,03 +0,08/-0,03 +0,08/-0,0 +0,10 +0,13 +0,13 +0,13 +0,15

M H L M H L M H M H M H M H M H M H M H

0,15 0,20 0,15 0,25 0,36 0,15 0,25 0,46 0,25 0,51 0,41 0,51 0,51 0,64 0,64 0,81 0,97 1,24 1,27 1,65

0,20 0,25 0,28 “ “ 0,33 “ “ 0,43 “ 0,61 “ 0,71 “ 0,76 “ 1,02 “ 1,27 “

DG

Groove Dimensions GD WG

Load R

Groove Diam. Groove Depth Groove Width Radius (max) (range)

(min/max)

6,35-25 0,64-0,69 10-50 0,94-1,02 10-200 1,14-1,27 “ “ “ “ 13-200 1,88-2,01 “ “ “ “ 25-400 2,54-2,67 “ “ 75-650 3,18-3,30 “ “ 100-800 3,84-3,99 “ “ 200-1200 5,05-5,28 “ “ 300-2000 8,26-8,51 “ “ 800-3000 11,05-11,43 “ “

N/mm

SB Spring Back

(min)

Circumference*

in mm

1,40 1,78 2,29 “ “ 3,18 “ “ 4,06 “ 5,08 “ 6,35 “ 8,89 “ 12,7 “ 16,51 “

0,25 0,30 0,38 “ “ 0,51 “ “ 0,76 “ 1,27 “ 1,27 “ 1,52 “ 1,52 “ 1,52 “

140 100 60 140 200 40 100 200 60 180 90 135 90 200 100 250 150 300 200 350

0,03 0,03 0,06 0,05 0,04 0,06 0,05 0,04 0,08 0,05 0,10 0,08 0,14 0,10 0,20 0,15 0,25 0,20 0,30 0,20

* Load and spring back figures are based on Inconel X750 in the age hardened condition. 321 stainless steel will only generate 1/3 of the given Inconel figures. Actual load figures and to a lesser extend spring back can differ hugely from the given data. Tolerances on groove depth, plating, diametrical clearance and differences in material batches can create differences of up to 100% for the smaller cross sections, down to 50% for the bigger cross section.


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6. Compound Selection - Metal C- and O-rings Groove and Seal Dimensions – Metal O-rings Attention: Internal pressure seal: Diameter Seal Outside = Reference Formula: DSO = DG - DC - (2 x Plating Thickness)

Standard Materials and Codes Jacket Code Material 1 Alloy X-750* 3 321 SS 4 Alloy 600

Spring Code 0 1 2 9

Material None Alloy X-750* Alloy 718 302 SS

* X-750 will become obsolete. Other materials on request.


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6. Compound Selection - Metal C- and O-rings Groove and Seal Dimensions – Metal O-rings

External Pressure Face Seals (OE, OVE, OGE, OSE)

Seal Dimensions AS MT

Axial Section

DC

Tolerance

Material

Material

Diametrical

on AS

Code

Thickness

Clearance

0,89 1,19 1,57 2,39 3,18 3,96 4,78 6,35 9,53 12,70

+0,08/-0,03 +0,08/-0,03 +0,08/-0,03 +0,08/-0,03 +0,08/-0,03 +0,10 +0,13 +0,13 +0,13 +0,15

M H L M H L M H M H M H M H M H M H M H

0,15 0,20 0,15 0,25 0,36 0,15 0,25 0,46 0,25 0,51 0,41 0,51 0,51 0,64 0,81 0,64 0,97 1,24 1,27 1,65

0,20 0,25 0,28 “ “ 0,33 “ “ 0,43 “ 0,61 “ 0,71 “ 0,76 “ 1,02 “ 1,27 “

DG


Load R

Groove Diam. Groove Depth Groove Width Radius (max) (range)

(min/max)

6,35-25 0,64-0,69 10-50 0,94-1,02 10-200 1,14-1,27 “ “ “ “ 13-200 1,88-2,01 “ “ “ “ 25-400 2,54-2,67 “ “ 75-650 3,18-3,30 “ “ 100-800 3,84-3,99 “ “ 200-1200 5,05-5,28 “ “ 300-2000 8,26-8,51 “ “ 800-3000 11,05-11,43 “ “

N/mm

SB Spring Back

(min)

Circumference*

in mm

1,40 1,78 2,29 “ “ 3,18 “ “ 4,06 “ 5,08 “ 6,35 “ 8,89 “ 12,70 “ 16,51 “

0,25 0,30 0,38 “ “ 0,51 “ “ 0,76 “ 1,27 “ 1,27 “ 1,52 “ 1,52 “ 1,52 “

140 100 60 140 200 40 100 200 60 180 90 135 95 200 100 250 150 300 200 350

0,03 0,03 0,06 0,05 0,04 0,06 0,05 0,04 0,08 0,05 0,10 0,08 0,14 0,10 0,20 0,15 0,25 0,20 0,30 0,20

* Load and spring back figures are based on Inconel X750 in the age hardened condition. 321 stainless steel will only generate 1/3 of the given Inconel figures. Actual load figures and to a lesser extend spring back can differ hugely from the given data. Tolerances on groove depth, plating, diametrical clearance and differences in material batches can create differences of up to 100% for the smaller cross sections, down to 50% for the bigger cross section.


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6. Compound Selection - Metal C- and O-rings Groove and Seal Dimensions – Metal O-rings Attention: External pressure seal: Diameter Seal Inside = Reference Formula: DSI = DG + DC + (2 x Plating Thickness)

Standard Materials and Codes Jacket Code Material 1 Alloy X-750* 3 321 SS 4 Alloy 600

Spring Code 0 1 2 9

Material None Alloy X-750* Alloy 718 302 SS



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6. Compound Selection - Metal C- and O-rings Groove and Seal Dimensions – Metal C-rings

Internal Pressure Face Seal (CI)

AS

Seal Dimensions RS

MT

DC

DG


Load R

SB

Axial

Tolerance

Radial

Material

Material

Diametrical

Groove

Groove Depth

Groove

Radius

N/mm

Spring Back

Section

on AS

Section

Code

Thickness

Clearance

Diameter

(min/max)

Width (min)

(max)

Circum-

in mm

(range)

ference*

0,79 1,19 1,57 2,39 2,79 3,18 3,96 4,78 5,60 6,35 7,90 9,53 12,70

+/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,08 +/-0,08 +/-0,10 +/-0,10 +/-0,10 +/-0,10 +/-0,10 +/-0,13

0,71 0,96 1,26 1,91 2,25 2,54 3,17 3,82 4,50 5,08 6,32 7,62 10,16

M H M H M H M H M M H M H M H M M H M M H M H

0,15 0,18 0,15 0,2 0,15 0,25 0,25 0,38 0,25 0,38 0,51 0,41 0,61 0,51 0,76 0,51 0,64 0,97 0,64 0,97 1,27 1,27 1,65

0,05 “ 0,07 “ 0,10 “ 0,15 “ 0,15 0,20 “ 0,25 “ 0,30 “ 0,30 0,40 160 0,50 0,60 “ 0,80 “

6-25 “ 8-50 “ 10-200 “ 13-400 “ 200-500 25-600 “ 32-750 “ 75-900 “ 75-1000 100-1200 “ 100-1500 300-2000 “ 600-3000 “

0,64-0,69 “ 0,94-1,02 “ 1,27-1,37 “ 1,91-2,01 “ 2,23-2,31 2,54-2,67 “ 3,18-3,30 “ 3,84-3,99 “ 4,48-4,65 5,08-5,28 “ 6,32-6,58 7,62-8,03 “ 10,16-10,67 “

1,02 “ 1,40 “ 1,91 “ 2,67 “ 3,10 3,43 “ 4,32 “ 5,08 “ 5,90 6,6 “ 8,22 9,65 “ 12,7 “

0,25 “ 0,30 “ 0,38 “ 0,51 “ 0,55 0,76 “ 1,27 “ 1,27 “ 1,27 1,52 “ 1,52 1,52 “ 1,52 “

30 50 20 35 10 40 35 65 30 45 100 40 110 65 150 55 75 “ 65 120 250 150 250

0,04 “ 0,03 “ 0,05 “ 0,04 “ 0,12 0,15 0,13 0,20 0,17 0,22 0,18 0,22 0,30 0,27 0,30 0,40 0,32 0,55 0,48

* Load and spring back figures are based on Inconel X750 in the age hardened condition. Actual load figures and to a lesser extend spring back can differ hugely from the given data. Tolerances on groove depth, plating, diametrical clearance and differences in material batches can create differences of up to 100% for the smaller cross sections, down to 50% for the bigger cross section.


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6. Compound Selection - Metal C- and O-rings Groove and Seal Dimensions – Metal O-rings Attention: Internal pressure seal: Diameter Seal Inside = Reference Formula: DSO = DG - DC - (2 x Plating Thickness)

Standard Materials and Codes

Jacket Code 1 2 5

Spring Material Alloy X-750* Alloy 718 304 SS

Code 0 0 0

Material -



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External Pressure Face Seal (CE)

AS

Seal Dimensions RS

MT

DC

DG


Load R

SB

Axial

Tolerance

Radial

Material

Material

Diametrical

Groove

Groove Depth

Groove

Radius

N/mm

Spring Back

Section

on AS

Section

Code

Thickness

Clearance

Diameter

(min/max)

Width (min)

(max)

Circum-

in mm

(range)

ference*

0,79 1,19 1,57 2,39 2,79 3,18 3,96 4,78 5,60 6,35 7,90 9,53 12,70

+/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,08 +/-0,08 +/-0,10 +/-0,10 +/-0,10 +/-0,10 +/-0,10 +/-0,13

0,71 0,96 1,26 1,91 2,25 2,54 3,17 3,82 4,50 5,08 6,32 7,62 10,16

M H M H M H M H M M H M H M H M M H M M H M H

0,15 0,18 0,15 0,20 0,15 0,25 0,25 0,38 0,25 0,38 0,51 0,41 0,61 0,51 0,76 0,51 0,64 0,97 0,64 0,97 1,27 1,27 1,65

0,05 “ 0,07 “ 0,10 “ 0,15 “ 0,15 0,20 “ 0,25 “ 0,30 “ 0,30 0,40 “ 0,50 0,60 “ 0,80 “

6-25 “ 8-50 “ 10-200 “ 13-400 “ 200-500 25-600 “ 32-750 “ 75-900 “ 75-1000 100-1200 “ 100-1500 300-2000 “ 600-3000 “

0,64-0,69 “ 0,94-1,02 “ 1,27-1,37 “ 1,91-2,01 “ 2,23-2,31 2,54-2,67 “ 3,18-3,30 “ 3,84-3,99 “ 4,48-4,65 5,08-5,28 “ 6,32-6,58 7,62-8,03 “ 10,16-10,67 “

1,02 “ 1,40 “ 1,91 “ 2,67 “ 3,10 3,43 “ 4,32 “ 5,08 “ 5,90 6,6 “ 8,22 9,65 “ 12,7 “

0,25 “ 0,30 “ 0,38 “ 0,51 “ 0,55 0,76 “ 1,27 “ 1,27 “ 1,27 1,52 “ 1,52 1,52 “ 1,52 “

30 50 20 35 10 40 35 65 30 45 100 40 110 65 150 55 75 160 65 120 250 150 250

0,04 “ 0,03 “ 0,05 “ 0,04 “ 0,12 0,15 0,13 0,20 0,17 0,22 0,18 0,22 0,30 0,27 0,30 0,40 0,32 0,55 0,48

* Load and spring back figures are based on Inconel X750 in the age hardened condition. Actual load figures and to a lesser extend spring back can differ hugely from the given data. Tolerances on groove depth, plating, diametrical clearance and differences in material batches can create differences of up to 100% for the smaller cross sections, down to 50% for the bigger cross section.


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6. Compound Selection - Metal C- and O-rings Groove and Seal Dimensions – Metal O-rings Attention: Internal pressure seal: Diameter Seal Outside = Reference Formula: DSI = DG + DC + (2 x Plating Thickness)


Jacket Code 1 2 5

Spring Material Alloy X-750* Alloy 718 304 SS

Code 0 0 0

Material -



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Spring Energised Internal Pressure Face Seals (CSI)

AS

Seal Dimensions RS

MT

DC

DG


Load R

SB

Axial

Tolerance

Radial

Material

Material

Diametrical

Groove

Groove Depth

Groove

Radius

N/mm

Spring Back

Section

on AS

Section

Code

Thickness

Clearance

Diameter

(min/max)

Width (min)

(max)

Circum-

in mm

(range)

ference*

1,57 2,00 2,39 2,79 3,18 3,96 4,78 5,60 6,35 7,90 9,53 12,70

+/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,08 +/-0,08 +/-0,10 +/-0,10 +/-0,10 +/-0,10 +/-0,10 +/-0,13

1,52 1,85 2,24 2,64 2,90 3,60 4,49 5,19 5,81 7,25 8,66 11,53

M/H M/H M/H M/H M/H M/H M/H M/H M/H M/H M/H M/H

0,15 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,38 0,41 0,51 0,51 0,64 0,64 0,97 1,27

0,15 0,20 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,41 0,46 0,48 0,51 0,70 0,75 1,00

20-280 20-300 25-400 25-500 25-600 32-750 75-900 75-1000 100-1800 150-3000 300-3000 600-7600

1,27-1,32 1,60-1,68 1,91-2,01 2,23-2,34 2,54-2,67 3,18-3,30 3,84-3,99 4,48-4,70 5,08-5,28 6,32-6,58 7,62-8,03 10,16-10,67

2,05 2,50 3,10 3,60 4,10 5,10 6,20 7,30 8,30 10,40 12,40 16,50

0,35 0,40 0,50 0,50 0,75 1,20 1,20 1,20 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50

200 180 160 200 160 210 250 200 340 300 430 500

0,10 0,12 0,15 0,18 0,20 0,25 0,28 0,30 0,36 0,40 0,43 0,56

* Load and spring back fi gures are based on Inconel /Inconel Jacket and spring. Actual load fi gures and to a lesser extend spring back can differ hugely from the given data. Tolerances on groove depth, plating, diametrical clearance and differences in material batches can create differences of up to 100% for the smaller cross sections, down to 50% for the bigger cross section. Load figures only valid for “M” (medium duty) spring.

Attention: Internal pressure seal: Diameter Seal Outside = Reference Formula: DSO = DG - DC - (2 x Plating Thickness)


Jacket Code 1 2 5 - -

Spring Material Alloy X-750* Alloy 718 304 SS - -

Code 1 2 9 A E

Material Alloy X-750* Alloy 718 302 SS Elgiloy Nimonic


81


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Spring Energised External Pressure Face Seals (CSE)

AS

Seal Dimensions RS

MT

DC

DG


Load R

SB

Axial

Tolerance

Radial

Material

Material

Diametrical

Groove

Groove Depth

Groove

Radius

N/mm

Spring Back

Section

on AS

Section

Code

Thickness

Clearance

Diameter

(min/max)

Width (min)

(max)

Circum-

in mm

(range)

ference*

1,57 2,00 2,39 2,79 3,18 3,96 4,78 5,60 6,35 7,90 9,53 12,70

+/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,08 +/-0,08 +/-0,10 +/-0,10 +/-0,10 +/-0,10 +/-0,10 +/-0,13

1,52 1,85 2,24 2,64 2,90 3,60 4,49 5,19 5,81 7,25 8,66 11,53

M/H M/H M/H M/H M/H M/H M/H M/H M/H M/H M/H M/H

0,15 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,38 0,41 0,51 0,51 0,64 0,64 0,97 1,27

0,15 0,20 0,20 0,25 0,30 0,41 0,46 0,48 0,51 0,70 0,75 1,00

20-280 20-300 25-400 25-500 25-600 32-750 75-900 75-1000 100-1800 150-3000 300-3000 600-7600

1,27-1,32 1,60-1,68 1,91-2,01 2,23-2,34 2,54-2,67 3,18-3,30 3,84-3,99 4,48-4,70 5,08-5,28 6,32-6,58 7,62-8,03 10,16-10,67

2,05 2,50 3,10 3,60 4,10 5,10 6,20 7,30 8,30 10,40 12,40 16,50

0,35 0,40 0,50 0,50 0,75 1,20 1,20 1,20 1,50 1,50 1,50 1,50

200 180 160 200 160 210 250 200 340 300 430 500

0,10 0,12 0,15 0,18 0,20 0,25 0,28 0,30 0,36 0,40 0,43 0,56

* Load and spring back fi gures are based on Inconel /Inconel Jacket and spring. Actual load fi gures and to a lesser extend spring back can differ hugely from the given data. Tolerances on groove depth, plating, diametrical clearance and differences in material batches can create differences of up to 100% for the smaller cross sections, down to 50% for the bigger cross section.Load figures only valid for “M” (medium duty) spring.

Attention: Internal pressure seal: Diameter Seal Inside = Reference Formula: DSI = DG + DC + (2 x Plating Thickness)


82

Jacket Code 1 2 5 - -

Spring Material Alloy X-750* Alloy 718 304 SS - -

Code 1 2 9 A E


* X-750 will become obsolete. Other materials on request. All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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Radial Seals for Axial Pressure (CA) Bore Diameter

BD

Groove Dimensions SD

WG

R

RS

MT

Seal Dimensions DSO DSI

Bore

Tolerance

Shaft/Rod

Tolerance

Groove

Radius

Material

Radial

Material

Diameter

Diameter

(range)

Diameter

on BD

Diameter

on SD

Width

(max)

Code

Section

Seal

Seal

on DSO

(min)

Outside

Inside

and DSI

-0,03 -0,03 -0,03 -0,03 -0,03 -0,05 -0,05 -0,05 -0,05 -0,05 -0,05 -0,05

1,3 1,3 1,98 1,98 2,64 2,64 2,64 3,28 3,28 3,96 3,96 5,28

0,38 0,38 0,51 0,51 0,76 0,76 0,76 1,27 1,27 1,27 1,27 1,52

1.57M 1.57M 2.39M 2.39M 3.19M 3.19M 3.19M 3.96M 3.96M 4.78M 4.78M 6.35M

1,64 1,64 2,42 2,42 3,22 3,22 3,22 4,01 4,01 4,81 4,81 6,40

0,15 0,15 0,25 0,25 0,38 0,38 0,38 0,38 0,38 0,51 0,51 0,64

BD + 0,08 BD + 0,10 BD + 0,08 BD + 0,10 BD + 0,10 BD + 0,15 BD + 0,20 BD + 0,15 BD + 0,20 BD + 0,15 BD + 0,20 BD + 0,20

DSO - 3,28 DSO - 3,28 DSO - 4,85 DSO - 4,85 DSO - 6,45 DSO - 6,45 DSO - 6,45 DSO - 8,09 DSO - 8,09 DSO - 9,63 DSO - 9,63 DSO - 12,80

+/-0,03 +/-0,03 +/-0,03 +/-0,03 +/-0,03 +/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,05 +/-0,05

12,70-38,00 SD + 3,12 38,01-45,00 SD + 3,07 30,00-38,00 SD + 4,70 38,01-85,00 SD + 4,65 50,00-85,00 SD + 6,25 85,01-150,00 SD + 6,15 150,01-200,00 SD + 6,05 85,00-150,00 SD + 7,72 150,01-250,00 SD + 7,62 100,00-150,00 SD + 9,32 150,01-300,00 SD + 9,22 150,00-300,00 SD + 12,40

+0,03 BD - 3,12 +0,03 BD - 3,07 +0,03 BD - 4,70 +0,03 BD - 4,65 +0,03 BD - 6,25 +0,05 BD - 6,15 +0,05 BD - 6,05 +0,05 BD - 7,72 +0,05 BD - 7,62 +0,05 BD - 9,32 +0,05 BD - 9,22 +0,05 BD - 12,40

Tolerance

Bore/Shaft concentricity: for bore < 85 mm: 0,015 mm. For bore >85 mm: 0,03 mm. Leading edge, shaft and bore side required.

Attention: Axial pressure seal: Diameter Seal Outside = Reference The seal diameter is always the outside diameter without plating. Select the desired cross section in relation with the bore diameter. • Starting from the shaft size 80,70 the DSO (diameter seal outside) equals shaft size 80,70 + 6,45 DSO = 87,15. • Starting from the bore diameter 87,00 the DSO (diameter seal outside) equals bore size 87,00 + 0,15 DSO = 87,15. • Plating thickness on radial seals should be limited to 50 microns. Seal diameters remain unchanged for plated seals.


Code 1 2 5 - -

Jacket Material Alloy X-750* Alloy 718 304 SS - -

Spring Code 1 2 9 A E




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6. Compound Selection - Metal C- and O-rings Groove Tolerances for Face Type Seals The actual as produced seal diameter shall be as close as possible to the groove diameter. By compressing the seal in the groove, the seal outside diameter for internal pressure seals will try to grow and the seal inside diameter for external pressure will try to shrink. This phenomena is covered by the DC or diametrical clearance. The DC will give allowance for this increase or decrease of the seal diameter. The seal tolerance and also groove tolerance shall be kept as small as possible. It is better for the seal performance to keep the DC in compressed condition as small as possible. Ideally, once compressed the seal outer diameter should slightly touch the groove outer diameter or for an external pressure seal the inner seal diameter should slightly touch the groove ID.

Internal Pressure Groove Outer Diameter Tolerances Seal O-ring C-ring Cross Section 0,79 + 0,05 + 0,05 0,89 + 0,10 + 0,05 1,19 + 0,10 + 0,08 1,57 + 0,10 + 0,08 2,00 - - 2,39 + 0,15 + 0,10 3,18 + 0,15 + 0,10 3,96 + 0,15 + 0,13 4,78 + 0,20 + 0,15 5,60 - + 0,20 6,35 + 0,20 + 0,20 7,90 + 0,20 + 0,20 9,53 + 0,25 + 0,25 12,70 + 0,25 + 0,25

External Pressure Groove Inner Diameter Tolerances C-ring Spring Energised + 0,10 + 0,10 + 0,13 + 0,15 + 0,15 + 0,20 + 0,20 + 0,20 + 0,25 + 0,25

Seal O-ring C-ring Cross Section 0,79 - 0,05 - 0,05 0,89 - 0,10 - 0,05 1,19 - 0,10 - 0,08 1,57 - 0,10 - 0,08 2,00 - - 2,39 - 0,15 - 0,10 3,18 - 0,15 - 0,10 3,96 - 0,15 - 0,13 4,78 - 0,20 - 0,15 5,60 - - 0,20 6,35 - 0,20 - 0,20 7,90 - 0,20 - 0,20 9,53 - 0,25 - 0,25 12,70 - 0,25 - 0,25

C-ring Spring Energised - 0,10 - 0,10 - 0,13 - 0,15 - 0,15 - 0,20 - 0,20 - 0,20 - 0,25 - 0,25


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6. Compound Selection - Datasheets All ERIKS standard and some special O-ring compounds have data sheets with measured values of specific gravity, hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, compression set, low temperature, and heat ageing in different test circumstances. Any specific data sheet can be obtained upon request. For several reasons data sheets can sometimes lead to considerable confusion. Manufacturers generally state values measured on test slabs or test buttons. Though these test slabs are made of the same rubber compound as the O-ring, some factors however, are completely different: vulcanisation time, vulcanisation temperature, post-curing time, and size. The vulcanisation time of such a slab can be 20 minutes, whereas the moulding/vulcanisation time of an O-ring - for economical reasons - can only be 2 minutes. Measuring results from a slab will give different values than measuring on an O-ring. ERIKS has therefore decided that whenever possible most of their data sheets should show values based on measurements made on O-rings. This gives the customer a better picture of the properties to be expected from the O-ring. To put it in other words: the data sheet with values measured on slabs demonstrates what properties the O-ring could have, if produced under the most ideal conditions. ERIKS, however, states the real sealing performance of the O-rings.

NG LI EA

EM EL

TS EN

SEALING

ELEMENTS

ical Data Sheet T e f l e x - V M Q S i l i c o n e - T e c h nS 1. Introduction ERIKS Teflex O-Rings (VMQ silicone) are composed of a Silicone elastomer encapsulated in seamless FEP or PFA-cover. The elastomer works as a rubbere tFEP or PFA-cover. The chemical the material and helps the slow recovery of e Sh resistance of FEP and PFA is almost t a the same as PTFE. FEP and PFA comply with Da the FDA and USP class VI a lregulations for with food and pharmaceuticals.

ic er hn ec stom bber- T e ela 2. Product ru e Description licon s as a ical on a Si workof and Hexa-Fluorpropylene Copolymer • FEP COVER Chemical em ply with lic d:of e ch Si m Th omer pose als. (PTFE) co : Polytetrafluorethylene Composition Q com e elast cover. d PFA aceutic VM are r. COVER ATh anof Perfluoralkoxy m xand Polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE) Copolymer ne) • PFA ve P or :PF FEP d phar fle silico A-•coCORE FE. an Te Rubber Methyl-Vinyl-Silicone : FE Q PT e PF M od th as P or ry: of s (V th fo ion me O-Rings form Physical duct O-Ring less FErecove the sa ntact wi tro t Red; cover: x E) Translucent Colour co 1. In S Tefle in seam (PTF slow is almos: ns d for the e an lene io: 10 years Astability* ERIK psulated helps Storage rethy pylen gulat d PF rpro afluo enca ial and FEP an ss VI re -Fluo lytetr er d Po Hexa mat tance of USP* :cla Following DIN 7716 conditions y an er of E) d lym alkox TF resis A an tion R: Copo ylene (P Perfluor er FD VE Properties the of Physical 3. rip th Rubb Desc FEP CO afluore lymer one • po uct etr lic Co od lyt Si : VER 2. Pr l Vinyl: Po

Gen uine SEA Vito LIN n® 7 G 0-co mpo 1. Introdu und 514 ction 670 Original - Te Viton ® chni 514670 Products cal -compou out of this Data nd is bas DuPont Shee com ed on a pound Dow Elas t are 100 carry the omers. This gua being made acc % Genuine Vito specific rantees FDA 177 , easy ording n ® poly recogniz a to stric .2600. t guideline mer. able emb constant high quality lem on level. All s of their pac 2. Produc products kage. In t Descrip conform tion Chemica ity with l Com Physical form Colour Odour Solubility Storage stability * * : Follo

wing DIN

position :

Dipolyme r plus cure of Hexa-Fluoro propylen chem : O-R e and Viny ings / Mou icals with 66% lidene Fluo Fluorine : Blac ldings k ride, : Non e : Low molecula r weight : Exce llent Esters and Keto nes

7716 cond

itions

3. Phy sical Pro perties Test Met hod Hardne ss Tensile Strength Norm Elongati at on at brea break DIN 535 Specific 19 Test Valu Weight k DIN 535 Compre 04 70° ± 5° es E P DIN ssion Set No 17 M IRHD DIN 25% com 8,6 FEP D M 53504 18 40 ng cover min 16,9 ties ASTM 0% llowi on slab pression - 24h ASTM ASTM D 22 2 D 2116 28 7 D 181 28 MPa Strenght oper min 261 MPa * : Fo Tensile Pr /200°C DIN 5350 - 7 % % Heat Age ASTM ASTM 1. In ical Point D 41 2D 3418 32 17 c o 1,82 260°C Fusion ys ing TM AST 7 days/15 Hardne AS The troduc M 395 B m p D 41 5 B 3. Ph Pa ss 0°C PFA cover ou d 28 M C Volume Change ASTM D 39 man ERIK tion n ho S Change d et Strength ht ASTM D 2116 Tensile 260°28 MPa ASTM dard y apprDINco535 st M Weig m 08 max 5 k 51 Te 15% ific Point 21 305°C 3418 D 16 ASTM Fusion brea sulp oval poun D be ec 1 at Pa 18 Sp ness ngth 1 vera hur s, go d EP 5°C 28 M C ASTM D 34 4. Tem D ge cu od Hard ile Stre break 22h/17 Te peratur appl red ch M 55 max -2° 305° at ASTM e Resista 2. ch • -20° icat EPD emic 90max 16 Tens gation Set, to +200°C nce Produ ni ions M-c al re 03 is+3% 7. Other Temperature 4. El D 21 Information sion Resistance on •d TR10 ca 18 a om si ct 6. TM . pres r (low tem C AS Des Advanta l D poun stan Perox D 34 man on demand colours available • Other -60° to +204°C • with p. resistan hemic ComFEP: n id at cove renght ds. ce an Phys on de s and ASTM • cr iptio ges al ce): Very atio able a -16° low FEPPFA: Com d be e cure • FEP in conformity • with 5. Che ical CCom od and ile St-60°t to +260°C form with Sh ail Foods C mic d EP po•sitCom n compression poun tter th Fo Tens n Poin er In urs av wi R al Resistance St olour form ee -set CFR RConcen (21 Drugs thistration ion pression-mo d is phys DM-c trated t colo ormity n (21 CF ; 21 CF orag 7. O sma ulde : r Fusio cover ngth acid ll d, prod very ical pr om qua he coCFR Et s : 00 nf tio R e st CFR 21Ace 177.2600; 177.1550; Resistance 5. Chemical tone uced in excellen • Mig:ratio hyntiti • Ot P in21 PFA ile Stre t istra 177.26 Hyd lenees suita oper poun 21 CF R t ability O-R min176.180; * : Fo n test d R 0; in roxi CF FE Pr : CFR 21 CFR 21 175.105, good very : Concentrated bl Ad ed des * 18 bad : • CF in Tens n acids Po opyl e fo ties th with s in 177.260 llo gs com Blac 0; 21 Ben ance ; 21 R 176. 30 0 clas enepliance rw an Drug21 50 zene : exc wing DI : s/ M 175.300;5.21 CFR CFR 177.1520; very : Re AcetoneFusio sistgood with FDA 1 ou ater stan (cer ellent N °C max k 7.15 21 CF R 17 Crude tificaDte ie ld d ne 04 17 re in 77 and onTe :3. Pexc an gs . 10 requ 16 7. Safe soil 176.170) 5.105, ; 21 CF Hydroxides ratu: very to +2good hy ellen rpolest) cond ty and year Tolu 60°C 17 Food mpe -60° 20 eneR : excsica t ym Han +2 itio th Rea s 15 Te dlin P: and Foods with conformity in PFA • good very : Benzol to ellen d wi er 7. R l ns g 4. and be CF tPro , Pe 17 ity Fue CF -60° th FE guided (21l C Te: 170) roxi pe recomm orm CFR od Drugs istration by the Crude oil • wi th PFA:: very good tion 105, 21 CFR H st Mexcellent rtie ce de endatio 176. in conf (21 oline 21 ry go etho istra Gas s tom cure ns ar: exc stan Elas 175. ellen • wi min R21 CFR 175.105, : very Toluene : ve good177.1550;• 21 PFACFR d ers tech in the DuPont BTM Resi good Spe: dness d t 300; Ad Dow nical bull H-7112 21 CF 175. oil 3 ical acids : very good ugs A 21 ci very good 9-02 etin MetCFR CFR 176.180; 21Dr good ASTM Fuel C Chem : tevery 50; CFR21 d hylene th FD Tens: fic 15175.300; Wei very for Vito ® , ‘Handling od 5. chloride 177. 0; 21 Elon ile Sexcellen ghtt Precauti n and entra MEK pliant wi : very good : very go 176.170) MEK tr : very ons Related S. od 6.18 Conc e m ComU.ga : tion engoo gt d Chemic coFDA on ry•goSilicone inside17compliant eMTB 170) 21 ity 22 with very good MTBE E with als’. pr: bad at h at 8. Other Acet ox: ides : ve ry good 176. e insidWat m h/15: essi brea brea Informa or dr on 00 er VI ve nf 177.2600 CFR good very : Water od < on k lic Hy ol 100°Css • Prod 26 3000 d0° bad S k AS tionN : uced with 04 • Si R 177. A in co ) cla ry go od TM orm an h/11 : Cvery et l Hde Benz: e oivery SP good Steam 4.20 AS high D 22 : ve•ryFEP go and PFA in conformity N772 CF and PF with(UU.S. eam .0 goo puri 0° TM on d t ty 01 1 P Crud e opeia cord Hardn Agein C 12blac • Contain ASTM D 18 40 furnace : ve ry good (USP) Pharmacopeia en • FE arclass C k ne macThisVI sAless D ve good ess g (in Vo 17 Tolu Fuel inform : • Ph onwdemand lu silico silicone cord Hollow 6. Advantages data nace blac STMthan41 C 10% ry ai Te 2 high puri llo have been ationWis, to m k (clasDs oned ASTM thee best Chaofhange r),nti : ve ry good 70° st Va ty fur41 1) 2 C • Ho laboratorie obtaAinedeigh me 70 other com• Excellent chemical resistance, ngour know lu AS C ge by ttests ove ledgeinh/ 15 C MEK E s, using 1,12 ± 5° S es : ve TM ing hawe cons eeab tained , accu0° ng rate Har differ C and reliab . Th parable with that of PTFE DIN ent hore ob as reliab D 39 in w en beider cond MTB 160% le. We le icated by the mVo dntees atcaitions A AS toISthe ater O date5 B preparatio don’t assu s res silicone core • Low compression setWof luda ind ults er, 16 e, co ated. that the815 indic Cha n and evalu reTM 70h/ m W the me me N/m tanc D 57same(inresults The above ment toei sa Cha les. nge ation of Stea gh 100° m data wat can be obta ioned thet the 3 re iable resis mp t es ng l samp rel sa co Cha tha mentioned d les. er ag e C re 9%ined in other the above reliable to This information is, to the best of our knowledge, ) e an The emica ofand PTFE nge data vant chaccurate iconethe date indicated. assu on of curat nt at don’tt assure 10% beatiobtained in other same reliable.thWe have been obtained by tests we consider of sil that thege don’tcan , ac results 6. Ad as alu 4. lle ev We se ce AS Te le. and with sionand owled samples. TM 01.04.2004 evaluation laboratories, using different conditions • Exby the • -5 mpe reliab ration blepreparation r kn of the es D 47 ratu 5° of ou ider as prepa +1° para compr 01.04.20 st • to ns 1 be TR co w +1 re 04 by the the -0,1 we 121 • B 10: -3 50°C Resis • Lo is, to tests nditions rittle tanc -0,1 % 6° ation d by t co 65 ness C % taine feren inform e This been ob ing dif 5. C (AS , us TM -1° have tories Alk hem D 74 ical al labora +1,5 Alc i 6): Res 6. A % ohol -5 +1 ista dv 8°C Ethe % • nce Very antage Fats rs s low : Hyd very com 7. O : pres Este roxide good good • A ther : sion s Info pp Air rs fair set : AC rovals rmat Oils unsa S afte ion : DVG r: Ozo unsa tisfa ct : EN W-W Wat ne unsa tisfa ory ct : conf 681-1 270 Ste er very tisfa ory am ctor : KTW ormity go unsa y od to FD : NS exce tisfa F A 21 ctor : WR 51 an This lle very CFR y C nt d 61 have infor : mat 177. good good be ion lab orat en ob 2600 is, up ories taine to th to 13 e , us d ing by te best of 0°C diffe sts we our

CO ica PFA : MethylChem sition Test •Method nt po ORE Specific • C Weight sluce Com s Ring ver: Tran : OHardness d; co form : Re ars at break ical Tensile Strength 10 ye Phys r Elongation at break ity*: itions Colou e stabil cond ag Set, 22h/175°C Compression Stor 7716

ELE MEN TS

Test Values Norm 1,26 ASTM 1817 70° ± 5° IRHD ASTM D 2240 es Valu 8,6 MPa ASTM D 412 Test HD ASTM D 412 1,26 IR280% ± 5° 32% ° B 395 D ASTM 70 rm Pa

SE

A

LI N

G

E

LE

M

E

N

TS

rent co

know co led nditio nside ge ns r as re , ac cura by the liable prep . W te and arat e don’ relia ion ble t and assu to evalu re th the da ation at the te ind ica of th sam e sa e resu ted. Th mple lts e can abov s. e be obta men ine tione d in d othe data r

KIW A

01.0

4.20

04

www.o-ring.info for all our data sheets 52

This can be illustrated as follows: in most of the data sheets you will find the compression set values measured on slabs of .25 inch. (6 mm) thickness, e.g. 12%. If measured under the same conditions, an O-ring of .139 inch (3.53 mm) will have a value of 19 to 25%. For determining the service life ERIKS has based their measurements on O-rings with a cross section of .139 inch (3.53 mm). The other cross sections have been extrapolated from these values. These differences also apply to the other values stated. It is therefore very dangerous to compare values of data sheets without knowing the exact testmethod. It is always better to carry out tests on the O-ring itself in the application rather than on a test specimen.


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6. Compound Selection O-ring compounds - Field of Application Most of the preceding parts in this handbook have dealt with selecting the best rubber compound for a given application. Here is information to understand the factors involved in the process and to provide some guidance in selecting the correct material. Only basic compounds are mentioned. A lot of special compounds are available, please ask the local ERIKS division for assistance. Water and Steam Application Most elastomers can be used for water applications up to 212°F (100°C). Water appears to be an innocuous fluid, people are often surprised to learn that it can bring problems if it is not sealed with the proper O-ring. The mere immersion in water has an adverse effect on the mechanical properties of rubber. After a long period of water immersion, many rubber compounds will swell. In a static application, this may be quite acceptable. Such a seal will not leak. And it can be replaced with a new one after disassembly. An advanced amount of swelling implies a larger volume and consequently more friction. Used as a long term dynamic seal, this gradual swelling of an O-ring in water can cause a slow but very annoying increase in friction. In tests, ethylene propylene rubber has virtually no swell. This material is recommended for O-rings for sealing against water and steam for temperatures up to 150°C (300°F).

Food Application Rubber in with foods must meet special requirements. There are a number of institutions who regulate the rules and tests. The main institutions are: FDA and NSF in the USA; KTW and BfR in , WRAS in the UK, and KIWA in the Netherlands. This book primarily discusses the FDA-program because it is the most demanding requirement.

Metal Detectable Compounds Metal detectable seals are the latest advancement used for contamination detection and containment. These compounds can be widely used across a range of industries including Food and Beverage, Pharmaceutical and Dairy with the respective compliances according to FDA and 3A (Class 1). Broken products can be detected and rejected resulting in less product loss. The compounds are detectable by conventional metal detectable products with particle sizes as small as 2mm. So they are able to be used as part of a HAC process. The temperature range of possible compounds is -60°C to +220°C.

ERIKS has compounds in: EPDM PC 55914, HNBR, and AFLAS®. In FFKM a number of Perfluoroelastomer compounds are available which exhibit perfect sealing properties in steam surroundings. Silicone (VMQ) can also be compounded in such a way that it can be used pressureless in a steam environment up to 250°C (480°F). Note: When sealing steam or hot water with ethylene propylene, it is important to that it will deteriorate when exposed to petroleum lubricants. When lubrication is required, silicone oil, glycerin, or ethylene glycol are suggested. When water changes into steam, the O-ring must maintain an effective seal as the temperature increases. This sometimes causes the rubber to become spongy as a consequence of which all sealing properties are lost. Some compounds, however, are steam resistant.


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6. Compound Selection - FDA Certification ERIKS guarantees ‘conformity’ by: • strict production methods, • an FDA sticker is put on the packaging, • a certificate of conformity can be obtained with every delivery. In general ERIKS guarantees that the FDA materials are ‘FDA compliant’ which means they are composed with ingredients according the FDA regulations.

FDA Compliancy General information about FDA For many years ERIKS has had a leading role in the production and marketing of high quality seals. ERIKS has also developed a vast range of elastomeric compounds that are formulated to comply with the regulations issued by the ‘United States Food and Drug istration’ (FDA). These regulations are stipulated in Title 21, Chapter 1, subchapter B, section 177.2600 of the ‘Federal Food and Cosmetic Act’. These regulations define which rubber polymers and compounding ingredients can be used in rubber articles, intended for repeated with food and preventing the use of dangerous substances that might cause cancer.

Migration tests Some compounds have been tested by independent laboratories. Rubber articles intended for repeated use in with aqueous food shall meet the following specifications: ‘The food surface of the rubber article in the finished form in which it is to food, when extracted with distilled water at reflux 20 milligrams per square inch during the first 7 hours of extraction, not to exceed 1 milligram per square inch during the succeeding 2 hours of extraction’. Rubber articles intended for repeated use in with fatty foods shall meet the following specifications: ‘The food- surface of the rubber article in the finished form in which it is to food, when extracted with n-hexane at reflux temperature, shall yield total extractives not to exceed 175 milligrams per square inch during the first 78 hours of extraction, nor to exceed 4 milligrams per square inch during the succeeding 2 hours of extraction’.

Types of FDA compliancy Two important types (class 1 and class 2) of FDA compliance exist, depending on the percentage of carbon black that is added to the compound. Class 1 : for aqueous and greasy media; Class 2 : for aqueous media. USP class 6 was especially developed for the pharmaceutical industry. ERIKS offers 5 compounds of this type of USP, all meeting very strict requirements.


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6. Compound Selection - FDA - General Compounds Vulc-O-rings FDA class 1 Vulc-O-rings are produced in small quantities. Inside diameter range from 30 mm up to 5.000 mm in the different cross section diameters from 1,78 up to 25 mm. No chemical additive is added in the bonding of the core ends.Datasheets are available upon request. Selecting the right elastomer is a balance of material and design. All ERIKS compounds listed below are produced from listed ingredients. We distinguished the following grades:

Hig h P e rfo rmance O -rings w ith Certificates Compound Number 329303

Material

Colour

Hardness

FDA

USP

ASTM D1418

KTW, DVGW,

3A

EC

ADI

Temp.

IRHD±5

177.2600

aqueous &

Class VI

NSF, WRAS,

1935

free

resistance

ACS, W-270,

°C

fatty foods

KIWA

Neoprene

black

75

X

X

X

-35/+100

366312 (*)

Nitrile-NBR

blue

60

X

X

X

X

-30/+120

366470

Nitrile-NBR

black

70

X

X

X

X

-30/+120

366302

Nitrile-NBR

black

75

X

X

X

X

-30/+120

366472

Nitrile-NBR

white

75

X

X

X

-30/+120

366480

Nitrile-NBR

black

80

X

X

X

-30/+120

366490

Nitrile-NBR

black

90

X

X

X

-30/+120

886972

HNBR

white

77

X

X

X

-30/+150

886172

HNBR

black

70

X

X

-30/+150

886214 (**)

HNBR

red

69

X

X

X

-30/+150

559260

EPDM

black

60

X

X

-40/+140

559311 (*)

EPDM

blue

67

X

X

X

X

-40/+140

55641

EPDM

black

70

X

-55/+150

559270

EPDM

black

70

X

X

X

-55/+150

559272

EPDM

white

70

X

X

X

-55/+150

559273

EPDM

black

70

X

X

X

X

X

-40/+150

55111

EPDM

black

70

X

X

X

X

-55/+150

559274

EP¨DM

white

70

X

X

X

X

-40/+150

559302

EPDM

black

70

X

X

X

X

X

-50/+150

559187

EPDM

black

75

X

X

X

-40/+140

559280

EPDM

black

80

X

X

X

-40/+140

(*): metal detectable compounds (**): Bio-Hygienic®


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6. Compound Selection - FDA - General Compounds Hig h P e rfo rmance O -rings w ith Certificates Compound Material Number ASTM D1418 514660 FKM 514670 FKM 514328 FKM 514642 FKM 514672 (*) FKM 514674 FKM 514002 FKM 514010 FKM 514304 FKM 514172 FKM 514641 FKM 514682 FKM 514683 FKM 514312 FKM FKM Genuine Viton® A 514680 Teflex® Viton® FKM/FEP/PFA Genuine Viton® A FKM 514690 Genuine Viton® A FKM 514694 Silicone 714742 VMQ Silicone 714747 VMQ Silicone 714748 VMQ Silicone 714762 VMQ Silicone 714767 VMQ Silicone 714768 VMQ Silicone 714217 VMQ Silicone 714001 VMQ Silicone 714330 (*) VMQ Silicone 714002 VMQ Silicone 714206 VMQ Silicone 714006 VMQ Silicone 714782 VMQ Silicone 714787 VMQ Silicone 714788 VMQ Teflex® Silicone VMQ FEP/PFA Kalrez® 6221 FFKM Kalrez® 6230

FFKM

Colour black black blue green white blue green white white black black white black black black

Hardness IRHD±5 60 70 70 70 70 70 75 75 75 75 75 80 75 75 80

FDA 177.2600 aqueous & fatty foods X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

USP Class VI

FDA 177.1550

3A

BfR

EC 1935

ADI free

Temp. resistance °C

X X

X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X

-15/+200 -20/+200 -15/+204 -20/+200 -15/+200 -20/+200 -20/+200 -20/+200 -20/+200 -20/+200 -20/+200 -15/+200 -15/+200 -20/+204 -20/+200

black black

75 90

X X

X

X

X X

X X

-20/+200 -20/+200

blue

90

X

X

X

-20/+200

white transl. red white transl. red white transp. blue Transp. red red white transl. red red white

40 40 40 60 60 60 60 70 69 75 75 75 80 80 80 70 70

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X

X

X X X

X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

-60/+200 -60/+200 -60/+200 -60/+200 -60/+200 -60/+200 -60/+200 -60/+200 -60/+220 -60/+200 -60/+220 -60/+220 -60/+200 -60/+200 -60/+200 -60/+200

X

260

black

75

X

X

X

260

(*): metal detectable compounds


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6. Compound Selection Kalrez® - FDA O-rings Kalrez® FDA Kalrez® Perfluoroelastomer Parts for Pharmaceutical and Food Handling Applications Kalrez® parts made from compounds 6221 and 6230 provide superior chemical resistance and low contamination from extractables in pharmaceutical and food handling applications where FDA compliance is required. Compounds 6221 and 6230 are especially suited for Water For Injection (WFI) systems, Steam In Place (SIP) cleaning, and other critical systems. Thermal Stability Unlike other elastomeric seals made with FDA compliant elastomers, Kalrez® perfluoroelastomer parts are thermally stable up to 260°C, permitting use in applications such as Stage II Sterilization processes, where other elastomers lose their sealing capabilities. Aggressive Water Resistance In aggressive pharmaceutical and semiconductor processing environments, seal failure from excess swelling, embrittlement, or decomposition can cause unscheduled downtime or product contamination. Elastomeric materials that come in with highly pure and aggressive water (e.g. WFI) must be chosen with care in order to prolong seal life. The perfluoroelastomer compounds used in Kalrez® parts have been shown to have extremely low to non-detectable extractable levels in aggressive water systems. Because the perfluoroelastomer polymer in Kalrez® parts is fully saturated, it is also well suited for Ozonated Deionized Water service. Kalrez® parts also exhibit very low swell and loss of mechanical properties after repeated steam cycling. General Chemical Resistance The overall chemical resistance of EPDM’s, silicone elastomers, and fluoroelastomers (FKM) is limited by their respective polymer structures. Kalrez® parts, on the other hand, offer the same universal chemical resistance as PTFE, but unlike PTFE, they have elastomeric properties, which help them maintain their sealing capabilities. Table 1 lists the chemical compatibility of Kalrez® perfluoroelastomer parts and other elastomers used as sealing materials in the pharmaceutical and food handling industries.

Table 1- Elastomer Chemical Compatibility * Chemical Acetic acid Acetone Citric acid Hydrogen peroxide Isopropyl alcohol Metthyl ethyl ketone Mineral oil NaOH Nitric acid Sodium Hypochlorite Soybean oil Steam (<150°C) Steam (>150°C) Toluene Xylene Maximum Service Temp.

Kalrez® A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A 260°C

EPDM A A A B A A U A B B C A C U U 135°C

VMQ A C A B A U B B B B A C U U U 200°C

FKM B U B U A B A A A U U A A 200°C

A = little or no effect ; B = slight swelling and/or loss of physical properties ; C = moderate to severe swelling and/or loss of physical properties/limited functionality ; U = not suitable or recommended. * Data has been drawn from DuPont Performance Elastomers tests and industry sources. Data is presented for use only as a general guide and should not be the basis of design decisions. DuPont Performance Elastomers or ERIKS for further information.

Table 2- Typical Physical Properties * * Compound Kalrez® 6221 Colour White Durometer hardness, Shore A, points±5 70 100% Modulus, psi (MPa) 1,050 2,200 Tensile strength at break(1), psi (MPa) 150 Elongation at break(1), % 20 Compression set (2), 70h at 160°C

Kalrez® 6230 Black 75 1,020 2,400 170 18

(1) ASTM D412, (500 mm/min) ; (2) ASTM D395 B, Size 214 O-rings ** Typical physical properties should not be the basis of design decisions. DuPont Performance Elastomers for further information.


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Ask about the special ERIKS brochure on High Purity Seals!

6. Compound Selection - FDA O-rings Kalrez® FDA Kalrez® perfluoroelastomer parts are not routinely tested using the USP testing protocol. Cured samples made only from compounds 6221 and 6230 have been tested in accordance with USP protocols and meet the requirements of a USP Class VI polymer. USP testing was done to use of Kalrez® parts in pharmaceutical processing and food processing applications. While USP Class VI compliant materials are not required for pharmaceutical and food processing applications, many pharmaceutical and food processing customers, including customers seeking ISO-9000 certification, have requested compliance. Testing of any finished article that incorporates Kalrez® perfluoroelastomer parts is the responsibility of the manufacturer or seller of the finished article if certification that meets USP standards is required. Note: Please ERIKS engineers for determining the right Kalrez® O-ring for an application

Medical use Caution: Do not use Kalrez® perfluoroelastomer parts in medical applications involving implantation in the human body or with internal body fluids or tissues. For other medical applications, see DuPont Performance Elastomers Medical Applications Policy, H-69237. DuPont Performance Elastomers will not sell or products for implantation in the human body or with internal body fluids or tissues. DuPont Performance Elastomers makes no representation, promise, express warranty or implied warranty concerning the suitability of these materials for use in implantation in the human body or in with internal body fluids or tissues. The content of DuPont Performance Elastomers materials is not certified for implantats. FDA and USP compliancy The U.S. Food and Drug istration (FDA) confirmed the compliance of Kalrez® 6221 and 6230 for repeated use in with food by Food Notification (FCN) 000101. FCN 000101 was established through the FDA

Kalrez® 6221 and 6230 have extractable levels comparable to PTFE 600 550 500 Kalrez® parts are much more inert

450

and cleaner than EPDM, silicone

TOC (ppm)

400

and FKM, and very similar to

350

PTFE.

300 250 200 150 100 50 0 EPDM Pt-Silicone FKM

Kalrez® 6221

Kalrez® 6230

PTFE

EPA method 415; TOC tests performed on 1" sanitary seals, immersed in 50 ml of sterile WFI at 100°C/24 hrs. The sollution was then diluted to 100 ml and analyzed.

Premarket Notification Process for food substances as described in section 409(h) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (21U.S.C. 348(h)) and is the primary method by which the FDA authorizes the use of food additives that are food substances. FCN 000101 requires materials to have extractable levels less than 0.2 mg/in2. Kalrez® 6221 and 6230 have also been tested in accordance with United States Pharmacopeia Class VI (USP Class VI) and met those requirements. Proven suitability for food and pharma processing DuPont Performance Elastomers welcomes the new legislation as an opportunity to reaffirm the suitability of Kalrez® 6221 and 6230 perfluoroelastomer parts for repeat use food applications. The FCN requires Kalrez® 6221 and 6230 to meet extractable levels not to exceed 0.2 milligrams per square inch. This provides further confirmation of the low risk of contamination from Kalrez® parts and the long term sealing solution for challenging food and pharmaceutical applications. Statement of Compliance Kalrez® parts made from compounds 6221 and 6230 meet the extractive requirements of 21 CFR 177.2600(E) and may be used for repeated use in compliance with the Food, Drug and Cosmetics Act and all applicable food additive regulations. Kalrez® parts made from compounds 6221 and 6230 have been tested in accordance with the United States Pharmacopeia Class VI (USP Class VI) testing protocol. Testing using the protocols cited above was performed by an external testing facility in compliance with 21 CFR, Part 58 Good Laboratory Practice for Nonclinical Laboratory Studies. 6221 and 6230 offer excellent steam cycling resistance and reduce extractables from sealing materials to trace levels.


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6. Compound Selection Potable Water - Certification KTW: KTW was adopted as a standard for drinking water. KTW controls the migration of harmful substances. A number of these constituents are subjected to limits. The O-rings are classified under the scope D2. See our data sheets gas/water on www.o-ring.info WRAS: WRAS controls the harmful constituents in rubber, like metal extraction and micro organisms. See our data sheets gas/water on www.o-ring.info NSF: NSF = National Sanitation Foundation. This standard is mainly applied in the USA. ERIKS has a number of compounds with NSF compliance. See our data sheets gas/water on www.o-ring.info ACS: French homologation DVGW certificates ERIKS has several compounds for applications in the gas industry with DVGWcertificates. The following table lists a summary of the DVGW norms.

Norm Application Temperatures (°C) min max DIN 3535-1 Gas installation -20, -15 60, 80 DIN EN 549 Gas apparatus and equipment -20, 0 60, 80, 100, 125, 150 DIN 3535-3 Gas transport -5 50 DIN EN 682 -15, -5 50


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6. Compound Selection Vacuum Applications The rate of flow of gases from the pressure side to the vacuum side of an O-ring seal depends to a great extent on how the seal is designed. Increased squeeze by reducing the groove dimensions reduces the leak rate dramatically.

The vacuum level denotes the degree of vacuum evidenced by its pressure in torr (or mm. Hg). Rough vacuum 760 torr to 1 Torr, Medium vacuum 1 torr to 10-3 Torr, High vacuum 10-3 torr to 10-6 Torr, Very high vacuum 10-6 torr to 10-9 Torr, Ultra high vacuum below 10-9 Torr.

Increased O-ring squeeze reduces permeability by increasing the length of the path the gas has to travel (width of O-ring) and decreasing the area available to the entry of the gas (groove depth). Increased squeeze can be realized with smaller grooves. Increasing squeeze also tends to force the rubber into any small irregularities in the mating metal surface, and thus prevents leakage around the O-ring. Therefore, surfaces against which an O-ring in a vacuum application must seal should have a surface roughness value smoother than usual. Surface finishes of 16 RMS are quite common. Lubricating the O-ring with a high vacuum grease also reduces the leakage. The vacuum grease aids the seal by filling the microscopic pits and grooves, thus reducing leakage around the O-ring.

For effective vacuum sealing the compound must possess certain properties: low compression set, low permeability to gas, and it should contain few softeners. The best choice is Butyl, but this is very unusual as O-ring compound, followed by a fluoroelastomer. Extracted plasticizers can leave a film on the instruments. In static vacuum applications it is recommended to design for a squeeze of the O-ring of at least 25-30% to absorb the irregularities of the metal surface. It is of great importance that a compound is used with the lowest possible compression set, because temperature fluctuations may impair the sealing properties even further.

Although a very high squeeze is necessary to reduce leakage to an absolute minimum in an O-ring seal, this kind of design may require heavy construction. When a shallow gland is desirable, it must be wide enough to receive the full O-ring volume, also at higher operating temperatures.

ERIKS has compounds that are well suited for vacuum applications:

Vacuum Applications

Polymer type Butyl CR EPDM Fluorsilicone NBR Polyurethane Silicon FKM

Loss of Weight 0,18 0,13 0,76 0,28 1,06 1,29 0,31 0,07

Loss of weight at 10-6 Torr after 2 weeks at 23°C / 73°F.


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6. Compound Selection Degassing When using O-rings in high vacuum, permeability and degassing of O-rings play an important role and therefore these aspects have to be taken into . The lower the permeability of the rubber, the easier it is to maintain the vacuum. Some rubber compounds still contain relatively volatile substances after vulcanisation, which egress from the compound in particular high vacuum applications. Degassing is the loss of volatile elastomeric compounds in vacuum application. This results in some volume loss of the seal material which will lead to seal failure. The results are: Vacuum seals are improved by gradual changes to system pressure, the installation of elastomers with greater hardness and higher density, and lowering the system temperature which will result in lower degassing. For this reason Fluoroelastomers and Perfluorinated elastomers are often used in vacuum applications. Vacuum applications in combination with service requirements such as high temperature, radiation resistance, and exposure to combinations of fluid media will require careful analysis to select the proper O-ring. with plastics O-rings are more and more being used as a seal in with plastics. The problem being faced when the rubber comes in with plastics, is the migration of softeners or other "process aids" from the rubber into the plastic. The offending ingredients are usually the ester plasticizers used in some rubber compounds. Additives in the plastic can also migrate into the O-ring, causing substantial change of properties. After the migration of softeners into the plastic, "surface cracking" may arise, resulting in a deterioration of tensile strength. Not all plastics are susceptible to this phenomenon to the same extent. Plastics which are the most susceptible to these softeners are: ABS, Noryl, and Polycarbonate. Tests have shown that EPDM peroxide cured, FKMs, neoprene, and some silicones are the best choice. ERIKS also has an EPDM compound 55914PC that will work well.

High Purity Compounds In many modern industries high-purity O-rings are used more and more for an optimal progress of the production process. Fluoroelastomer parts are widely used in wet chemical and plasma environments in the fabrication of integrated circuits. Traditional seals often contain carbon black as a reinforcing filler. Many speciality fluoroelastomer compounds contain inorganic or metallic fillers to achieve improved seal performance in aggressive environments. Use of these metal fillers, while beneficial to seal life, can increase particle generation and extractable contaminants. O-rings made with high purity fluoroelastomers and perfluoroelastomers are designed to meet the demanding contamination needs of the semiconductor industry. From applications in lithography to etching and cleaning, O-rings manufactured with high purity fluoroelastomers offer unmatched extractable contamination performance versus traditional fluoroelastomer O-rings. Thanks to specific production, compounding, inspection, and ambient factors, several levels of purity are available. Consult our website for actual information: www.o-ring.info Note: • Clean Room packaging on demand • ERIKS can deliver high-purity compounds in silicone, Viton®, and Kalrez® for the semicon industry.


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6. Compound Selection Permeability / with Gases All rubber compounds are more or less permeable to gas. The rate of permeability to gas of the various compounds varies. Permeability is the tendency of a gas to or diffuse through the elastomer. This should not be confused with leakage, which is the tendency of a medium to go around the seal. All elastomers are permeable to some extent allowing air or other gases under pressure or volatile liquids, to penetrate into the seal material and gradually escape on the low pressure side. Permeability may be of prime importance in vacuum service and some pneumatic applications. Permeability is increased as temperatures rise and is decreased by compression of the sealing material. The permeability rate of various gases through different rubber materials varies in an unpredictable way. Even the same basic compounds show large differences. Several gases give different values for the same compound. Permeability is also affected by application parameters such as cross section, pressure, and temperature. It is typical that harder compounds, generally containing more carbon black, exhibit better values. When using NBR a higher ACN percentage is more advantageous.

The following list indicates other compounds ranging from the lowest permeability to the highest: • AU: Polyurethane • NBR: Nitrile • FKM: Fluorocarbons • FFKM: Perfluorinated Elastomers • EPDM: Ethylene Propylene • SBR: Styrene/Butadiène • NR : Natural Rubber Silicone and Fluorosilicones have even higher gas permeability. Ask for information about gas permeability rates of other ERIKS compounds. Gas permeability The following table gives the gas permeability coefficient for different media and compounds:

Laboratory tests have demonstrated that permeability of lubricated O-rings is lower than dry O-rings. These test also show that more strongly squeezed O-rings show lower permeability. In fact, the permeability of a given base polymer will vary according to the proportions of the copolymer. The best choices are Butyl, Fluoroelastomer (FKM 51414), and Nitrile with a high percentage of ACN. Butyl is very unusual as an O-ring compound.

Gas permeability Gas permeability coefficient 10-17 m2 / (s x Pa) Air 60°C / 140°F Air 80°C / 175°F Nitrogen 60°C / 140°F Nitrogen 80°C / 175°F CO2 60°C / 140°F CO2 80°C / 175°F

IIR AU 2,0 2,5 5,0 7,0 1,5 2,5 3,5 5,5 13 26 29 73

NBR NBR NBR CR NR VMQ (38% ACN) (33% ACN) (28% ACN) 2,5 3,5 7,5 6,0 25,0 330 5,5 7,0 21,0 12,0 40,0 410 1,0 2,0 4,0 4,5 18,0 280 2,5 5,5 7,0 8,0 33,0 360 30 56 58 58 160 950 48 63 97 71 210 1500


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6. Compound Selection High Pressure Gases / Explosive Decompression In high pressure applications above 1500 psi (100 bar), gases tend to fill the microscopic small pores in the rubber. When using O-rings in high gas (or volatile liquid) pressures or sudden pressure drops, the permeability of elastomers has to be considered. If gas under high pressure has the opportunity to penetrate to a sufficient degree into the elastomer, this penetrated gas (or volatile liquid) will expand when a sudden pressure drop occurs and will want to leave the elastomer. The greater the pressure, the larger the amount of gas forced into the rubber. When the pressure suddenly drops, the gas expands in the O-ring and will find its way into the atmosphere. The gas may escape harmlessly into the atmosphere, or it may form blisters on the surface. Small cracks deep into the O-ring will consequently develop. Some of these may rupture, leaving cracks or pits and will damage the seal. This phenomenon is called Explosive Decompression. Generally it is assumed that this phenomenon can occur in cases of pressure drops greater than approx. 400 psi ( ca. 30 bar or 3 MPa.). Variables to consider are the gas, pressure, temperature, and the rubber compound. Generally carbon dioxide (CO ) causes more problems than nitrogen does. Improvement can be realized in gradual reduction of the pressure and use of rubber with a higher hardness and a higher density. Resistance can be improved by increasing hardness up to 90-95 Shore A. Another method is to decrease the cross section of the O-ring, though this method is not always successful. Nitrile and Fluoroelastomer are the best standard materials for this application. 2

ERIKS has compounds in: Aflas® for applications with gas and steam. FKM 514162 in 94 IRHD, special for oil and gas industry. Only by using highly selected rubber compounds and by carefully mixing all ingredients, an "explosive decompression resistant" material can be achieved. Naturally all these compounds are also extrusion resistant. Offshore Applications In offshore conditions O-rings are exposed to extreme pressures, temperatures, and aggressive media. The critical circumstances become even greater by very aggressive oil additives, varying temperatures, gap extrusion, and explosive decompression. Under such conditions only special compounds will be acceptable. ERIKS compounds: NBR-95, extremely extrusion resistant, tested by the American Petroleum Institute.

AFLAS-90, High molecular Aflas® with increased extrusion resistance and very good compression set. Ideally suited for applications with amines and strong lyes. Can be used up to 200°C (390°F). HNBR-XNBR 90, a blend of HNBR and XNBR 90 IRHD, ensuring an extreme wear resistance combined with a very high extrusion resistance. Can be used to 150°C (300°F). Also available in 80 IRHD. Compatibility of elastomers with Mineral Based Oils A well known rapid method for material selection for O-ring applications in mineral oils is the selection based on the aniline point of the oil. The ASTM D 471 test reference oils cover a range of aniline points found in lubricating oils. Test Oil ASTM No.1, has a high aniline point 124°C (225°F) and causes slight swelling; Test Oil IRM 902, has a medium aniline point 93°C (200°F) and causes intermediate swelling; Test Oil IRM 903, has a low aniline point 70°C (157°F) and causes high or extreme swelling of O-ring compounds. Note: The aniline point of a petroleum oil appears to characterize the swelling action of that oil on rubber vulcanisates. In general, the lower the aniline point, the more severe the swelling action caused by the oil. In static O-ring applications, 20% volume swell may be acceptable, in dynamic applications volume swell may need to be less than 10%. Any other commercial oil with the same or similar aniline point can be expected to have a similar effect on a O-ring as the corresponding ASTM test oil. However, it has been found that the aniline point method is not always reliable. Some commercial oils, having the same aniline point, can differ significantly because they contain different additives. It is recommended to conduct compatibility tests on materials in question in the oil that will be used in the application. B-test fluids make an extraction of the low molecular softeners of the rubber compound. The more softeners in a compound the more an O-ring hardens and shrinks in an application. Shrinking in O-ring applications is not acceptable. Leakage can be the result. A popular B-test fluid is a mixture of 42.25% toluene, 25.35% iso-octane, 12.7% di-isobutylene, 4.3% ethanol, 15% methanol and 0.5% of water.


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6. Compound Selection Mineral Oils, Hydraulic Fluids These oils are most frequently used in industry. Their greatest disadvantage is their toxic character and incombustibility. These products are not exactly defined, but they are a mixture of various hydrocarbons. The following guidelines can be given for the several kinds of rubber. General: Almost all hydraulic fluids contain active additives which can attack the elastomers, certainly at high temperatures. NBR is the workhorse of these fluids. The higher the ACN content in the NBR, the better the resistance. Standard NBR types tend to harden from 110°C (230°F) and higher when additional cross linkage occurs. ERIKS compounds for hydraulic fluids • NBR: All types can be used. Please request a list of available types. • HNBR: Can be used up to 150°C (300°F), especially compounds which are peroxide cured. • Neoprene: Shows strong swelling in paraffin oils, as a result of which there is hardly any demand for this rubber. • FKM: Can generally be used up to 200°C (400°F). Resists many additives, with the exception of certain amines. These amines may cause the rubber to harden quickly. That is why peroxide cured FKM types (FKM GF type) or FFKM are applied in these cases. Also AFLAS® has excellent resistance at very high pressures. • Silicone: Silicone O-rings can be applied in highly viscous oils only, but are very sensitive to active additives. • Fluorosilicone: very good up to 175°C (350°F), can also be used till -60°C (-76°F). • ACM: Generally good resistance to oils up to 150°C (300°F) . • ECO: Epichlorhydrin has good petroleum oil resistance and a wide temperature range -51°C (-60°F) to +150°C (+300°F). • Polyurethane: Very high resistance, though very sensitive to hydrolysis.

HFA and HFB Fluids These fire resistant oils are more aggressive. Specially formulated NBRs should provide an acceptable level of swelling. ERIKS has several compounds in NBR. If a minimum amount of swelling is required, fluorocarbons such as FKM 51414 should be used. The best possible option is the FKM 514075 compound thanks to its minimal compression set. Standard polyurethane is limited to 50°C (122°F) due to its sensitivity to hydrolysis. Vegetable Oils These are oils made from seeds, fruits, or plants, like olive oil, palm oil, and rape seed oil. They have the advantage of being biodegradable and non- toxic. Because recent advancements in hydraulic fluids have made them biodegradable, hydraulic fluids have become more and more popular. They have, however, a low temperature resistance 80°C (176°F). Therefore, high temperature resistant elastomers are not necessary. In most cases NBR will perform well, though NBR compounds containing a lot of plasticizers may sometimes begin to swell. The use of polyurethane is limited, though short-time use will only show little swelling. Degradation will mostly occur, certainly after hydrolysis develops. EPDM and butyl exhibit good chemical resistance, though swelling may occur up to 40%. They can therefore only be used in static applications. ERIKS has compounds in NBR 70 36624 (70 IRHD); NBR 90 47702 (90 IRHD); also special NBR compounds for FDA, WRC, and KTW applications. Note: This information on resistance is for reference only. The end- is responsable for ensuring compatibility.

Synthetic Oils, Hydraulic Fluids These fluids have some advantages over mineral oils. They exhibit better thermal stability, a wider range of application temperature, and lower volatility. On the other hand, prices are higher. A detailed listing of fluids would be too extensive. Following are a listing of general rules on fluid resistance: The polar elastomers like NBR, FKM, ACM, HNBR, ECO, and AU have good resistance. Resistance to hydraulic fluids cannot always be predicted, because the additives often play the major role in chemical attack. As in most cases these additives are not always known, it is always recommend to perform a test to be certain.


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6. Compound Selection Hydraulic and Transmission Oils and ACN content High ACN content with a low plasticizer level provides excellent resistance to petroleum oils. Low ACN content with high plasticizer level gives better flexibility at lower temperatures. A peroxide-cure provides the best compression set resistance at elevated temperatures. These properties are important for use in hydraulic applications. ERIKS has several NBR compounds with high ACN content for the extreme demands of heavy equipment, for automatic transmission fluid (ATF), crude oil, as well as NBR with low ACN content for flexibility at very low temperatures. Silicone Fluids Silicone fluids are chemically very stable. Referring to fluid compatibility tables, all types of seal elastomers, except silicone rubber, may be used for silicone oils and greases. There are some exceptions; however, silicone fluids have a tendency to remove plasticizers from elastomer compounds, causing them to shrink. The effect is most severe with low viscosity fluids and high temperature applications. Because of this, military nitrile compounds and any other nitriles with a low temperature limit below -40°F (-40°C) should not be used to seal silicone fluids, because low temperature nitriles must contain plasticizers. Other compounds should be tested before being used to be certain they will not shrink more than one or two percent. Silicone rubber has a poor chemical compatibility rating in with silicone fluids. This is because silicone rubber tends to absorb silicone fluids, resulting in swelling and softening of the O-ring. Occasionally, however, it is desirable to seal a silicone fluid with a silicone rubber O-ring. This combination is generally acceptable if the viscosity of the silicone fluid is 100,000 centistokes or more, and if the maximum temperature will not exceed 150°C (300°F).

Summary of the resistance for mineral and biological degradable oils Mineral oils Type: H H-L H-LP H-LPD H-V

Elastomer to use

Waterbased oils Type: HFA (>80% water) HFB (40% water) HFC (35% water) HFD-R HFD-S

Elastomer to use

Biological oils Type: HETG HEPG HEES

Elastomer to use

NBR, FKM, HNBR, AU NBR, FKM, HNBR, AU NBR, FKM, HNBR, AU NBR, FKM, HNBR, AU NBR, FKM, HNBR, AU

-5° +55°C - NBR, FKM, AU -5° +60°C - NBR, FKM, AU -20° + 60°C - NBR -20° + 150°C - EPDM (aeronotique) -20° + 150°C - FKM

for agriculture up to 80°C: AU, NBR, HNBR for protected waterareas up to: 80°C AU, NBR, ANBR, FKM* +80°C: HNBR, FKM* (*only peroxide cured FKM’s) up to 80°C: AU, NBR, HNBR, FKM +80°C: HNBR, FKM* (*only peroxide cured FKM’s)


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6. Compound Selection with Fuels Fuels are very complex fluids when considering elastomers. Fuels are a blend of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons with the addition of alcohol. It is always recommended to do tests, though Fluoroelastomer, Epichlorhydrin (ECO) and special NBR compounds are most generally used. For a survey of the Fluoroelastomer compounds please refer to the general Fluoroelastomer brochure which will be sent upon request. The UL (Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.) A Not For Profit Organization, sponsored by the American Insurance Association, tests and lists many safe electrical and fire protection devices and equipment for use with hazardous liquids and chemicals. For many years they have tested and reexamined elastomer compounds, as being suitable for use with gasoline, naphta, kerosene, liquified petroleum gases, and fuel oils. UL listed O-ring compounds may be used with assurance for gasoline and LPG stations valves, pumps and metering devices, LPG gas bottles, valves, and other types of equipment requiring reliable seals. Fuels for Automobile Engines There are several automotive fuels on the market; leaded and unleaded gasoline with and without MTBE, each type of which can vary in composition and gasohol content. Gasohol is a mixture of gasoline with 10 to 20 percent alcohol. The alcohol may be either ethyl (also called ethanol or grain alcohol) or methyl (methanol or wood alcohol).

Extreme Temperatures When air or other gases must be contained at temperatures below -55°C (-65°F), the recommended low temperature limit for most silicone rubbers, special compounds must be used. If the permeability rate of silicone rubbers is too high for the application, bear in mind that the rate decreases as temperature goes down, then an alternative compound must be selected. For applications requiring moderately high temperatures as well as low, it is feasible to use two O-rings, a silicone rubber O-ring to maintain the seal at low temperature plus a fluorocarbon to reduce permeability when the seal is warmer. If a low temperature O-ring must have resistance to a fluid that attacks silicone rubber, then an O-ring in fluorsilicone rubber is recommended. This material has excellent resistance to a wide range of fluids, is usable up to 177°C (350°F) or higher in many applications, and will often seal at temperatures as low as -73°C (-100°F). Other compounds will often seal at temperatures below their normal low temperature limit by increasing the squeeze. This procedure, however, is generally limited to static face type designs. A heavy squeeze makes a radial seal difficult to assemble.

The best rubber compound to use depends not only on the fuel itself, but also on the temperature range anticipated and the type of usage, i.e. whether in a static or a dynamic application. In automotive fuel applications, extremely high temperatures are not anticipated, but in northern climates, temperatures as low as -40°C (-40°F) or even -55°C (-65°F) are sometimes encountered. Most of the compounds recommended for use in fuel have poor low temperature capability in air, but in a fluid that swells them, low temperature capability improves. Fuels for Aviation Systems Aviation fuel systems are low temperature applications. NBR compounds must have good low temperature flexibility, generally low ACN, and higher plasticizer content. Fluorosilicone is also used in aircraft fuel systems and is resistant down to -80°C (-112°F).


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6. Compound Selection Extremely High Temperatures Extremely high temperatures cause physical and/or chemical attack which may lead to seal failure. Due to extreme heat energy the O-ring will start swelling in the groove, which increases friction at dynamic applications. In many cases the O-ring hardens considerably and the compression set value is different than at lower temperatures. At high temperatures thermoplastic materials may even start flowing so that leakage occurs. Best choice: a series of special compounds have been developed to provide optimal sealing performance under these conditions. These compounds are: AFLAS®, Fluoroelastomers, Perfluoroelastomers, Silicone, or Fluorosilicone. PTFE, as a thermoplastic material, can be the best choice if elasticity is not required. Perfluoroelastomers can withstand continuous temperatures of 326°C (620°F). Standard compounds NBR and EPDM can be formulated such that a better temperature resistance is achieved. For example, the ERIKS EPDM PC 55914 provides an exceptionally high temperature resistance for EP-type elastomers. Certain fluoropolymers degrade above 300°C and may release harmful gases if the temperature continues to rise. Please also note that high temperatures will noticeably deteriorate many properties of the compound: permeability to gas, tensile strength, and compression set. ERIKS has compounds: • up to 200ºC (390ºF) all fluoropolymers FKM, Teflex-FKM, Teflex-Silicon; • up to 220ºC (430ºF) FFKM, Silicone 714177, Fluorosilicones FS 60, FS 70, FS 75, FS 80; • up to 280ºC (540ºF) FFKM and special Silicone compounds; • up to 327ºC (620ºF) FFKM. Please be also aware that the temperature resistance greatly depends on the sealing time and chemical environment. Consult ERIKS for assistance in selecting other compounds or consult the material data sheets.

Extremely Low Temperatures Low temperatures reduce molecular activity causing elastomeric compounds to appear harder. At extreme low temperatures elastomers achieve a glass like state and become very brittle, but may still seal and often resume their normal flexibility without harm when warmed. This condition is reversible as temperatures rise. The temperature at which this glass like state occurs can be determined by testing. The standards for this testing are recorded in ISO 812, ASTM D2137, BS 90 part 25, and ASTM D746. Extreme cold makes the O-ring shrink in the groove which causes the seal to contract which may cause the seal to leak. If the temperature falls even further, the O-ring will continue to shrink and become brittle - it will be able to be broken upon impact. The best choice may be Silicone which remains flexible in temperatures down to -50°C (-58°F). Please note that silicone has a very poor chemical resistance and a high permeability to gas. Fluorosilicone is the solution when fuels or oils are involved. It is generally used in aircraft fuel systems and is resistant down to -80°C (-112°F). PTFE can be used to -170°C (-275°F) but does not have any elasticity properties. It will also start flowing under pressure very quickly (cold flow). PTFE with fillers can reduce this problem noticeably. The metal spring-loaded seal can be useful. Springloaded PTFE seals will provide good sealing performance under these conditions. Please ask for the ERIKS technical brochures. Also Teflex, FEP encapsulated O-rings combine a low temperature resistance (Silicone) with a very good chemical resistance. The low temperature resistance can also be increased by applying more squeeze on the O-ring. This can of course only be done when using static seals. ERIKS has compounds in: • FKM and NBR to -40ºC (-40ºF); • EPDM 55914 and EPDM 55914 PC to -50ºC (-56ºF); • Silicone 714177 to -60ºC (-76ºF); • Special Fluorosilicone for low temperatures to -90ºC (-130ºF); • Metal spring activated FEP O-ring to -200ºC (-325ºF) The TR-10 value is a good indicator of the low temperature limit of a dynamic seal or a static seal exposed to pulsating pressure. In a static steady pressure application, an O-ring will generally function to a temperature approximately 8°C or (15°F) lower than the TR-10 temperature. Please note that the TR-10 minimum temperatures as mentioned in the ERIKS data sheets are test values only. Experience has taught that the service temperature is about 10°C (18°F) lower than the TR-10 values indicated. Note: See also page 39 for Viton® information.


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6. Compound Selection Coefficient of Friction Friction causes wear, and seals do not form an exception to this rule. The level of wear is determined by 4 factors: lubricating properties of the medium, surface roughness of the metal, pressure and temperature, and the characteristics of the elastomer. Generally, breakout friction is many times greater than running friction, but this varies with several factors, primarily the hardness of the O-ring. When only the hardness is changed, an increase will raise breakout friction and a decrease will lower breakout friction. For special applications where external lubrication is impossible there are several compounds having selfcontained lubricants. This internal lubrication is the incorporation of a friction reducing ingredient into the rubber formula. Since this changes the formula, internally lubricated materials are assigned special compound numbers. Internal lubricants may be such materials as graphite, molybdenum disulfide, powdered PTFE or, more commonly, an organic lubricant. This lubricant migrates through the O-ring and gradually congregates on the surface. There also exist processes which can modify the surface of an NBR O-ring. The coefficient of friction decreases by up to 50%. The surface is not faced to ensure that all rubber properties are kept. This procedure is also very eco-friendly and can also be applied for drinking water applications. The so-called AF treatment for Viton®, EPDM, and silicone provides a surface oxidation which builds up an oily film on the rubber. Here too, when the rubber comes in with oil, the coefficient of friction can be reduced up to 50%.

Abrasion and Wear Resistance Abrasion resistance is a general term which indicates the relative wear of a compound. It concerns scraping or rubbing of the O-ring surface and is therefore of importance for O-rings used as dynamic seals. This is a very complex problem and cannot be deeply discussed in this edition. Please consult the local ERIKS representative. The ideal surfaces should be 8 to 16 RMS without longitudinal or circumferential scratches. Best surfaces are honed, burnished, or hard chromeplated. Finishes of dynamic ing surfaces have a lot to do with the life of the O-ring seals. Appropriate surface finishes are important. Limits of maximum roughness for glands are given because rougher finishes will cause excessive wear. Finer finishes reduce lubrication to the O-ring and may result in stick slipping and irregular wear. Surface roughness values less than 5 micro inches (Ra = 0,15 µm) are not recommended for dynamic O-ring seals. The surface must be rough enough to hold small amounts of oil. Finishes below 5 RMS wipe too clean for good moving seal life. Only some of the elastomers are recommended for O-ring service where moving parts actually the O-ring. It is of interest that harder compounds, up to 85 IRHD, are normally more resistant to abrasion than softer compounds. Of course, abrasion resistance must be considered in the light of other requirements such as surface finish and lubrication. The best wear resistance is offered by PUR (Polyurethane) and special XNBR compounds which have proved their value in the offshore world.

Abrasion Resistance PUR (EU, AU) FKM

CR

EPDM NBR

0

50

100

150

200

250

Abrasion following DIN 53 516 in mm3


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6. Compound Selection with Ozone Ozone is becoming an increasingly inconvenient factor when using O-rings. The large concentrations which develop in summer deteriorate certain elastomers very quickly. Many elastomers like Viton®, silicone, neoprene and EPDM are very suitable for high ozone concentrations. However NBR, the elastomer most commonly being used, is highly sensitive to ozone. At limited concentrations of 50 ppm, little cracks, perpendicular to the direction of stretch, occur in NBR seals. There are a number of possibilities to prevent this: • Use Viton® because of broad stockrange. • Use HNBR. • Use a compound such as NBR/PVC. The lower compression set of NBR/PVC versus NBR should, however, be taken into . • Use neoprene CR 32906. • Use different compounds, (mostly at higher prices e.g. FKM). • Use ozone resistant NBR. • Use white compounds for high ozone. Radiation One of the most important properties of an elastomer, used as an O-ring, is its resistance to compression set. With exposure to gamma radiation, the compression set is most severely effected (of radiation types, gamma radiation has the worst effect on elastomeric materials). After experiencing 108 rads, all elastomers will take over 85% compression set, enough loss of memory that leakage can be expected. At 107 rads, there are big differences between compounds, while at 106 rads, the effects on all compounds are minor.

Therefore in the range of 107 rads an O-ring compound must be selected with care, while at higher levels they should not be considered. At lower levels, factors other than radiation will be more significant. It is therefore important to test a seal in conditions similar to those it will encounter in service. Ask Eriks for data on radiation resistance of O-ring compounds. Electrical Conductivity / Shielding Elastomers can range from electrically insulating to conductive. This particularly depends on the additives which are added to the elastomers. Specifically: • insulating: more than 109 Ohm x cm (almost all rubbers) • limited conductivity: 105 to 109 Ohm x cm (neoprene) • conductive: lower than 105 Ohm x cm (special compounds) It is often essential to shield electronic devices from electromagnetic interference (EMI) to prevent electromagnetic energy from escaping or to ground electronic devices. Conductive elastomers have been developed to provide hermetic sealing in combination with shielding and grounding. These materials can be fabricated into O-rings, Quad-Rings®/X-Rings, molded shapes, sheet stock and die-cuts.

Electrical Properties Polymer NBR FKM MVQ EPDM CR FFKM MVQ MFQ EPDM FKM

Specific Resistance (Ohm) from up to 104 1010 1010 1014 1015 1016 106 1016 102 1013 1017 5 x 1017 0,002 5 0,004 0,1 0,006 10 0,006 0,006

Resistivity from up to 15 17 20 35 20 40 10 25 5 15 16 18 - - - - -


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6. Compound Selection Colored O-rings Color compounds offer identification for positive assembly and traceability during and after service. Generally O-rings are black (except silicone), because most of them are filled with carbon black. Carbon black gives the best mechanical sealing properties. In certain cases, however, white additives, like titanium dioxide, can also be used. Green and brown are often used for Viton®, and for silicone red, iron oxide is generally known. In principle any color can be manufactured subject to sufficient quantities ordered. Presently also fully transparent silicone O-rings can be made. O-rings can also be identified by applying a colored dot on the surface which may ease in differentiating products. A colored dot can also be applied during the vulcanization process. This dot cannot be removed. The dot is of the same quality as the O-ring and no negative reactions will occur. Another technique to recognize the rubber material is used by certain FKM Viton® O-rings. By adding a special substance, a tracer, the O-ring will be fluorescent under UV-light which makes identification of the O-ring easier.

O-rings in drive belt applications O-rings are frequently used for drive belts in relatively low power applications on audio visual equipment. O-rings are designed to maintain a seal while being compressed, whereas a drive belt must maintain its shape and dimensions against a constant stretching load. Therefore, the material of the O-ring used for a drive belt must provide resistance in a number of areas: • Resistance to creep, the tendency of rubber to slowly stretch or relax. • Resistance to severe flex, common at high rotational speed. • Resistance to the abrasion that occurs as the belt travels over the pulleys and sprockets at high speed. Critical environmental factors may include the presence of ozone, extreme operating temperatures, and other factors. For optimum results the following are recommended: • Limit the O-ring stretch to 10-15% of the outside diameter. • Semi-circular grooves should be half rounded and have a radius equal to the O-ring cross section. • The diameter of the sheave should be larger than 4 times the O-ring cross section. • Abrasion resistance is important. Most O-rings used in drive belt applications are made from Ethylene Propylene or Polyurethane. Polyurethane can exhibit good service life when stretched 20-25%. Depending on the application various elastomeric compounds may also be used effectively. Please an ERIKS representative for additional information.

Fig 1-55


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6. Compound Selection Linear Expansions Elastomers have different expansion rates than platics or steel. So the design of the grooves have to be adapted to that. Coefficient of Thermal Expansion EPDM FKM NBR VMQ Linear expansion 160 ca 200 150 200 coëfficient 10-6 x 1/°C Low Temperature °C -45 -30 -40 -50 Max. Temperature °C 200 250 135 250 Linear expansion at 3,2 5,0 2,0 5,0 high temp.limit in % Volume expansion 9,6 15,0 6,0 15,0 at high temp. limit in %

CR 185

FFKM Steel Al. 231 ca 10 ca 20

-40 135 2,5

-15 316 7,3

- - -

-

7,5

21,9

-

-

CR

NR

VMQ

6,0 12,0 4,5 8,0 58 71

25,0 40,0 18,0 33,0 160 210

330 410 280 360 950 1500

Gas Permeability The following table gives the gas permeability coefficient for different media and compounds. Gas permeability Gas permeability coefficient 10-17 m2 / (s x Pa) Air 60°C / 14°F Air 80°C / 175°F Nitrogen 60°C / 140°F Nitrogen 80°C / 175°F CO2 60°C / 140°F CO2 80°C / 175°F

IIR 2,0 5,0 1,5 3,5 13 29

AU 2,5 7,0 2,5 5,5 26 73

NBR NBR NBR (38% (33% (28% ACN) ACN) ACN) 2,5 3,5 7,5 5,5 7,0 21,0 1,0 2,0 4,0 2,5 5,5 7,0 30 56 58 48 63 97


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6. Compound Selection- SurfaPlus SurfaPlus Modification SurfaPlus surface treatment is the solution for the high frictional resistance of elastomers. Rubber (also classified as an elastomer) plays a leading role in the fascinating world of sealing. And with good reason - this material has a large number of excellent characteristics. Rubber is flexible and resilient, strong, easy to manufacture and to use, resistant to a wide range of media and temperatures and attractively priced. One disadvantage is that the frictional resistance of rubber, particularly in dynamic applications, can lead to wear and the generation of (excessively) high frictional heat at the seal. Also the sticking of O-rings in the packaging causes a lot of problems in automatic assembly. The introduction of ERIKS new ‘SurfaPlus’ surface treatment programme for rubber products relegates these problems to the past. This brochure introduces the most common surface treatment products for rubber products. Each is capable of making a significant contribution to the improved performance of your seals. We will also inform you about the early stages of a new development and explain that specific targets can be attained via the use of various treatments. Thus it is of great importance that the surface treatment chosen for your specific application is tested in advance. your nearest ERIKS branch for advice without obligation about an ERIKS ‘SurfaPlus’ surface treatment for rubber products. Our specialists will be happy to explain all the various options. Material specifications are available for all the surface treatments. The extensive ERIKS ‘SurfaPlus’ surface treatment programme for rubber products offers you countless ways of improving your seals for specific applications. We will explain the most frequently used treatments here. 1.Lowering frictional resistance in dynamic applications We use a spray applied PTFE based coating to lower the frictional resistance of rubber. The use of this coating involves a complex pre-treatment process ranging from cleaning to sintering. This must be carried out with great care. The coating thickness for use in dynamic applications is 0.020 mm. The level of adhesion of the PTFE layer to the mother material is particularly high. 2. Problem free automatic assembly with O-rings To avoid O-rings in bulk packaging sticking to each other (possibly causing problems to arise when the rings are used for automatic assembly in mass production) we coat these seals with a thin layer of PTFE. Because large numbers are involved in this type of application price plays an important role.

Thus ERIKS has selected dip-spin application and a thickness of approximately 0.005 mm. The coating dries to a splotchy, milky appearance. This coating (SP 10105) is FDA approved in conformance with HHS 21 CFR 175.300 and 177.1520. A polysiloxane coating can also be chosen for this application. However this coating must be spray applied and sintered, so the price is somewhat higher than the thin the PTFE coating mentioned above. On the other hand the polysiloxane provides the smoothest surface. We are continuously developing new coating systems such as our PTFE based SP 10107 - a fully transparent coating for coloured rubber components. 3. Increasing chemical resistance In many applications PTFE seals are used to resist chemicals in the medium to be sealed. A big disadvantage of PTFE is that it is not resilient and is not always suitable as a sealing material. In many instances the solution is a rubber seal coated with a 0,02 up to 0,03 mm thick PTFE layer. By doing this you combine the outstanding properties of an elastomer (such as the good compression set, tensile strength etc) with those of the chemical resistant PTFE. Products coated with this PTFE based ERIKS ‘SurfaPlus’ coating have an elongation of at least 100%! In addition to this frequently used PTFE treatment, a fluoroelastomer coating may also be applied to rubber products to increase chemical resistance. This method is mainly used on very large rubber products made of NBR or EPDM, because it is cheaper than making the entire product from fluoroelastomer. The coating thickness is approximately 0.050 mm.

105


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6. Compound Selection - SurfaPlus 4. Surface cleaning (‘labsfrei’) In many applications no contamination is allowable, including that from rubber seals. For applications such as the semiconductor industry, food and pharmaceuticals and the automotive industry, seals are thoroughly cleaned using a plasma treatment. Here the surface of the seal is subjected to an ultra-fine cleaning process using a reactive gas under vacuum. Incidentally this process can also be used for treating synthetic materials and metals. 5. Easy cleaning CIP or SIP are used for cleaning in many processes. Rubber seals coated with 0.020 mm thick PTFE from the ERIKS ‘SurfaPlus’ rubber surface treatment range are recommended for these methods.

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Advantages: • The product that is to be sealed adheres less strongly to the PTFE surface, making cleaning the machine quicker and easier. • The seal is not damaged by low-pressure cleaning and/or hot water with a cleaning agent. 6. Preventing ageing NBR products that are coated with PTFE are resistant to the penetration of ozone and UV radiation and thus are very suitable for use in the open air and in electrical equipment.

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7.The right colour, easily recognisable and visually attractive A number of the coatings described can be manufactured in the RAL colour of your choice. This applies particularly to a number of our PTFE coatings and for our fluoroelastomer treatment. These are mainly used in decorative applications.

The many advantages of SurfaPlus surface treatment for rubber products

106

eases assembly of all rubber products; ideal for • aids assembly: automatic assembly of O-rings. • dry lubrication: improves running characteristics in cases of poor lubrication - even dry running is possible. • better cleaning: no clinging of product making cleaning easier. Good resistance to SIP and CIP. • chemical resistance: PTFE based coatings increase the chemical resistance of rubber sheet. • stops ageing: slower rate of ozone influenced ageing. • colour: coating with the colour you require is possible if volumes are sufficient. • FDA approval: PTFE based coatings with FDA approval for food and pharmaceutical products. • clean room’: including making rubber products ‘Labsfrei’ for automotive, semiconductor and food & pharmaceutical applications. • flexibility: rubber products with a ‘SurfaPlus’ coating have 100 to 150% elongation.


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6. Compound Selection - SurfaPlus Brief summary of the available ‘SurfaPlus’ surface treatments for rubber products ERIKS coating thickness designation PTFE 5 mu PTFE 20 mu SP 10020

most common applications

remarks

to aid assembly, friction reduction for light applications to aid assembly, friction reduction in general applications, improving chemical resistance other colours possible

FDA approval, dries splotchy

to aid assembly, particularly for O-rings and moulded products cleaning of rubber products, for clean room production, food and pharmaceutical increasing chemical resistance to aid assembly, mainly for O-rings

provides smoothest surface

Polysiloxan 5 mu SP 30605 Plasma na SP 24000 FKM 50 mu SP 83050 MOS2 5 mu SP 40505

particularly strong coating; for general use; standard colour grey,

making ‘labsfrei’, increases surface hardness by a few Shore points only viable for very large moulded shapes or profiles, available in several colours powder coating, easy to apply and economical. Chalks.

Disclamer:

Not all of the above mentioned surface treatments will show all their benefits on every elastomer. As with any material, evaluation of any compound and their surface treatment under end-use conditions prior to specification is essential. Since conditions of product use and disposal are outside of our control, we make no warranties, express or implied, and assume no liability in connection with any use of this information.Do not hestitate to your local ERIKS application engineer – we will be delighted to be of assistance to you.

8. NEW: SurfaPlus® NANO-F: ERIKS latest technique is a constant further development of already existing surface treatments under consideration of latest technological advances. This innovative treatment made it possible to engage with the molecular structure of the surface of elastomers. ERIKS is able to change the properties of the surface permanently without alloying the physical properties. Due to the fact that SURFAPLUS NANO-F is not a coating, the dimensional tolerances of the treated part do not change according to the thickness of a certain coating. This innovative technique is as well suitable for automatic mounting as for reducing the coefficient of friction. Even undercuts or complex geometries are no problem – that’s why SURFAPLUS NANO-F is also suitable for moulded parts. This treatment can also be executed on plastics. At the same time SURFAPLUS NANO-F activates the surface of the treated part – that leads to better results at later glueing, flocking or painting. Although this is a new and complex technology, ERIKS is able to offer this treatment on a equal price-level in comparison to common coatings and treatments – for low as well as for high volume applications. 107 All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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6. Compound Selection - Bio-Hygienic® 1. What is Bio-Hygienic®? A family of pro-active silver filled elastomers which give a continuous protection against microorganisms. Problem Our world is full of microorganisms. Some are not dangerous and help the digestion; some are in foodproducts like cheese and beer. Others are dangerous and can provoke diseases like MRSA (the hospital bacteria). Rubberparts and seals are a source for microbial growth due to the fact rubber contains additives which are a breeding ground for microorganisms. These rubberparts are also mainly used in a humid environment, conditions which are ideal for growth.

On standard rubber compounds microorganisms develop easily which leads to impurities and odours..

Solution Bio-Hygienic® compounds contain active silverdiocides which stop the growth of bacteria. As soon as the bacteria or the microbes makes with rubber, it absorbs the free silver ions which are at the surface of the rubber. Bio-Hygienic® kills the bacteria or microbes by deterioration of the cellular wall. In addition, the pH-value in the cell is changed in a way that they no longer multiply. Bio-Hygienic® remains active after a long time even after CIP/SIP cleaning procedures. Bio-Hygienic®: the active silverdiocides stop the bacterial growth.

Bio-Hygienic® additives are certified by the following bodies: • • • •

FDA EPA FIFRA EFSA

Food and Drug istration Environmental protection Agency Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and rodenticide Act European Food Safety Agency


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6. Compound Selection - Bio-Hygienic® 2. ERIKS standard compounds Bio-Hygienic® compounds are produced following strict norms certifying an homogenious repartition of the ions. The compounds are frequently tested in our laboratory. ERIKS offers the following Bio-Hygienic® compounds: • HNBR 70 shore, auburn, peroxide cured • EPDM 70 shore, white peroxide cured • VITON® 70 shore, auburn • MVQ Silicone 70 shore, transparent FDA • MVQ Silicone 70 shore, transparent USP

®

Bacterial growth...

... not anymore with Bio-Hygienic®!

3. Advantages of Bio-Hygienic® • The silver ions remain active after many cleaning procedures • Seals are often located where CIP/SIP hardly comes. With Bio-Hygienic® this potential threat is covered • Low maintenance costs • Odourless, tasteless • Withstand up to 200°C depending on the compound • Can be manufactured in many forms


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7. Specifications - MILSPEC’s Specifications are important. Therefore even though it may be difficult to prepare, a performance specification is recommended. Avoid specifying how to compound materials or how to process compounds. A well qualified supplier knows the materials and processes to produce the best compound for an application. However it should be understood that if one physical property of a compound is changed or adjusted by compounding, all of its other properties may be affected and it will no longer be the same compound. This is important for O-rings meeting Military Specifications. Once the specification is designated, all its requirements must be met. Even if a new compound will meet all the physical and chemical requirements of a given Military Specification, it is still impos-

sible to certify that it meets that MILSPEC because the MILSPEC is covered by a Qualified Products List (QPL) which means all test results must be verified and approved by the U.S. Government. They will not allow a variation to a Military Specification and it will be necessary to run a complete evaluation of the new compound to all the requirements. ERIKS offers compounds approved to nearly every industry wide specification for elastomeric seals. Those specifications include military, aerospace, ASTM, SAE, automotive, petroleum industry, and commercial. The most widely used specifications are the AN, M, MS, and NAS. This reference table is arranged by drawing number. Currently many MILSPEC’s are being converted to non-military AMS spec’s.

Popular military/aerospace specifications Drawing Specification Fluid Recommended Elastomer number Temp. range °F AS 3569 AMS 7270 Aircraft fuels -67 +302 Nitrile AS 3570 AMS 7274 Petroleum based aircraft lubricating oil -67 +302 Nitrile AS 3578 AMS 7271 Aircraft fuels -58 +257 Nitrile AS 3582 AMS 3304 Dry heat and petroleum based lube oils -85 +400 Silicone M 25988/1 MIL-R-25988 Aircraft fuels and -70 +392 Fluorosilicone Class 1, lubricants Grade 70 I M 25988/2 MIL-R-25988 Aircraft fuels and -70 +437 Fluorosilicone Class 3, lubricants Grade 75 I M 25988/3 MIL-R-25988 Aircraft fuels and -70 +392 Fluorosilicone Class 1, lubricants Grade 60 I M 25988/4 MIL-R-25988 Aircraft fuels and -70 +392 Fluorosilicone Class 1, lubricants Grade 80 I M 83248/1 MIL-R-83248 Aircraft fuels and -20 +400 Fluorosilicone Class 1 I lubricants M 83248/2 MIL-R-83248 Aircraft fuels and -20 +400 Fluorosilicone Class 2 I lubricants M 83461/1A MIL-P-83461 I MIL-H-5606 -65 +275 Nitrile MS 28775 MIL-P-25732 I MIL-H-5606 -65 +275 Nitrile MS 28900 AMS 3209 Ozone -40 +212 Neoprene MS 29512 MIL-P-5315 I Aircraft fuels -65 +158 Nitrile MS 29513 MS 29561 MIL-R-7362, Synthetic diester jet -65 +257 Nitrile Type I engine lubricants (MIL-L-7808) MS 9385 AMS 7267 Dry heat and petroleum- -85 +500 Silicone MS 9386 based lube oils NAS 617 MIL-R-7362, Synthetic diester jet engine -65 +257 Nitrile Type I lubricants (MIL-L-7808)

Comments Formerly AN 123951 - AN 123040 Formerly AN 123851 - AN 123950 Formerly MS 9020 and MS 9021 Not recommended for high pressure dynamic applications Blue color as required by MILSPEC. Not recommended for high pressure dynamic applications. Blue color as required by MILSPEC. Higher modulus and temperature resistance Blue color as required by MILSPEC. Lower hardness. For low pressure applications Blue color as required by MILSPEC. Higher hardness. Excellent resistance to compression set. Higher hardness. Better dynamic performance and longer service life at 257 °F. MIL-H-5606 is a petroleum-based hydraulic fluid used in military aircraft. Inactive for new designs. See M 83461/1A. For weather resistant seals. (Nonstandard sizes). This drawing covers tube fitting sizes only. This drawing covers all sizes except the tube fitting sizes. This drawing covers all sizes except the . tube fitting sizes This drawing covers tube fitting sizes only. This drawing covers all sizes except the tube fitting sizes. This drawing covers all sizes except the tube fitting sizes

.


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111


7. Specifications There are some major points which must always be considered when preparing any specification. Different size parts give different results and all parts with varying cross section or shape will not meet specific properties set up on another particular part or on test specimens cut from a standard test sheet. Therefore always use standard test specimen or the same cross section of the O-ring. It is also recommended that standard test methods be used whenever possible. ERIKS data are specified according ISO, ASTM, and DIN Test standards.


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7. Specifications - ASTM D2000 ASTM D2000 Specification One of the most versatile specifications in the Rubber Industry is ASTM D2000. In this specification the various classes, grades, and suffixes are used to define specific properties of elastomers. ASTM D2000 protocol Because there are at least as many elastomer compound choices as there are metallic products, how can one make an informed elastomer seal selection? The relative performance capabilities of elastomers can be generally defined by a test protocol identified as American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) D-2000. This protocol positions an elastomer as a function of its thermal stability and oil resistance, both measured under well-defined test conditions. Significant differences exist in the per-formance capabilities of the different elastomers. Those with more limited performance are recognized as mid- performance elastomers, including butyl rubber, chloroprene rubber (CR), ethylene propylene rubber (EDPM), and acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR).

Those with the broadest capabilities are high-performance elastomers. They include fluoroelastomers and perfluoroelastomers. Yet, ASTM D2000 does not address resistance to harsh media and aggressive environments encountered in the chemical industry. These include acids, bases, solvents, heat-transfer fluids, oxidizers, water, steam, etc. Unlike ASTM #3 oil used in the ASTM D2000 protocol, chemical plant media may attack the elastomer's back-bone, crosslinks, and/or fillers leading to loss of resiliency (memory) and seal failure. Although ASTM D2000 is a good predictive starting point, one must accurately identify the media to correctly select an elastomer for many applications. The following example shows a typical ASTM D2000 callout. Below is a breakdown explaining what the different positions mean.

ASTM D2000-90 M 2 HK 7 14 A1-10, B38, C12, EF31, EO88, F15, Z1 Additional requirement suffixes

Deviations from standard test procedures

Tensile Strength (MPa if M is present; psi if not) Hardness (Durometer) Type and Class Grade Number If present, use Metric Units

Year of Standard revision


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7. Specifications - ASTM D2000 Confusion often seems to start at the number 90. This just defines the revision year of ASTM D2000 to which the particular line callout makes reference. The appearance of an ‘m’ (or lack of) determines the units to be used for properties such as tensile strength, temperature or tear strength. If an M begins the line callout, Sl units (metric) will be used - MPa (tensile), °C, kN/m (tear). If it is not there, English units are employed so that tensile will be in psi, temperatures in °F, and tear strength in psi. After the M, a Grade Number is selected that defines the test requirements to which a material of a given Type and Class can be tested. A grade of 1 indicates only basic properties are required while numbers 2-9 imply additional testing requirements such as low temperature brittleness or special heat aging tests. (Note: not all grade numbers are applicable to all material types and classes).

Material Designation (type and class) AA AK BA BC BE BF BG CA CE CH DA DF DH FC FE FK GE HK

Type of Polymer Most Often Used Natural, Reclaim, SBR, Butyl, EPDM, Polyisoprene Polysulfides EPDM, High Temp SBR and Butyl Compounds Chloroprene Chloroprene NBR NBR, Urethanes EPDM Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene (Hypalon®) NBR, Epichlorohydrin EPDM Polyacrylic (Butyl acrylate type) Polyacrylic Silicones (High Temp) Silicones Fluorosilicones Silicones Fluorocarbons

The various material Types and Classes available are best summarized in the following table:

ASTM D2000-90 M 2 HK 7 14 A1-10, B38, C12, EF31, EO88, F15, Z1 Additional requirement suffixes

Deviations from standard test procedures

Tensile Strength (MPa if M is present; psi if not) Hardness (Durometer) Type and Class Grade Number If present, use Metric Units

Year of Standard revision


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7. Specifications - ASTM D2000 Next in line are three numbers used to state hardness range and minimum tensile strength requirements. The first number 7 indicates the nominal hardness 70 (in Shore A units) of the described material plus or minus 5 points. In this case the material required would be 70±5 Shore A hardness. Similarly, if a 6 was used, the material specified would be 60°±5° Shore A hardness. The next two digits are used to define the minimum tensile strength to be possessed by the material. Since the callout is metric, the 14 requires that the material supplied have a minimum tensile strength of 14 MPa. If the M was not present, the units would be in psi so the 14 would be replaced by 20 (14 MPa =2031psi; use the first two digits of the tensile strength in psi). In most applications, however, basic properties are not enough to ensure an acceptable material. Specialized testing is often required and this is where suffixes come into use. Suffixes are letter-number combinations that, together with a grade number, describe specific tests and performance criteria which an elastomer must . Below is a listing of the relationship between suffix letters and the type of test each calls out:

A B C D EA EF EO F G H J K M N P R Z

Heat Resistance Compression Set Ozone or Weather Resistance Compression-Deflection Resistance Fluid Resistance (Aqueous) Fluid Resistance (Fuels) Fluid Resistance (Oils and Lubricants) Low Temperature Resistance Tear Resistance Flex Resistance Abrasion Resistance Adhesion Flammability Resistance Impact Resistance Staining Resistance Resilience Any Special Requirement (Specified in Detail)

The numbers connected with each suffix letter describe the test method to be used (including time) and the test temperature. Due to space limitations we will not go into these subtitles. Z-requirements are typically used to skew hardness range (eg; 75 ±5), tighten limits on a given test, specify color (default is black), or add additional tests designed by another party. Looking back at the original example for this particular application the callout is: A 70+5 hardness, black fluorocarbon with a minimum tensile strength of 14MPa. The material will also have to the limits outlined in the grade 2 column (of the 1990 revision of D2000) for Heat Resistance, Compression Set, Ozone Resistance, Fuel Immersion, Lubricating Oil Immersion, Low Temperature Resistance, and a specified Z-requirement. Example: 2 BG 720 B14 EO14 EO34 EF11 EF21 F17 EA14 , NBR shore A 70 ± 5 2 Quality number B Type (based on heat resistance) G Class (based on swell resistance in test oil IRM 903) 7 Hardness shore A 70 ± 5 20 Tensile strength 2000 psi (13,8 MPa) B Compression set (Test ASTM D395) 1 Testing time: 22 hours 4 Testing temperature: 212 F° (100°C) EO Swelling in test oil ASTM No1 (ASTM D471) 1 Testing time: 70 hours 4 Testing temperature: 212°F (100°C) EO Swelling in test oil IRM 903 (test ASTM D471) 3 Testing time: 70 hours 4 Testing time: 212°F (100°C) EF Swelling in test fuel No.1 (Reference Fuel A) Isooctane (test ASTM D471) 1 Testing time: 1 hour 1 Testing temperature: 70°F (21°C) EF Swelling in test fuel Nr. 2 (Refer. Fuel B) Isooctane/Toluol 70:30 (test ASTM D471) 2 Testing time: 70 hours 1 Testing temperature: 70°F (21°C) F Low temperature testing (test ASTM D746), Method B 1 Testing time: 3 minutes 7 Tesing temperature: -40°F (-40°C) EA Swelling in water, (test ASTM D471) 1 Testing time: 70 hours 4 Testing temperature: 212°F (100°C) (For reference test results ASTM Rubber Handbook Section 9 Volume 09.01


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8. Qualifications Functional requirements should always be given first. A functional test is worth more than a physical and chemical property test. Thus the first step is to set the original physical property limits which will assure that the mechanical properties desired in the O-ring are present. Be aware of the fact that there is a difference between the original physical properties and the aged physical properties. Original Physical Properties: Hardness Determine the IRHD hardness best suited for the application and round off to 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, 90° or 95°-shore A or IHRD. A ±5 point tolerance is established to allow the manufacturer a realistic working range and permit normal variations experienced in measuring hardness. Tensile Strength Determine the minimum tensile strength necessary for the application. Always take into consideration the inherent strength of the elastomers most likely to be used to meet the specification. Most silicones have a much lower tensile strength than other elastomers. Once the minimum tensile strength has been set, multiply it by 1.20. This is the limit set for tensile strength variation of ±15% experienced between production batches of a compound. Elongation Investigate and determine the maximum amount of stretch a seal must undergo for assembly in the application. Multiply this figure by 1.25 to allow a safety factor and to provide for normal production variation of ±20%. Modulus Choose a minimum modulus which will assure a good state of cure, good extrusion resistance, and a good recovery from peak loads. Modulus is directly and related to tensile and elongation, and refers to the stress at a predetermined elongation, usually 100%. Specific Gravity A value for specific gravity should not be set in the qualification section of the specification but the value must be reported "as determined". The realistic figure will then be used in the control section.

116

Age Physical Properties Determine the resistance of the O-ring to the anticipated service environment. This is done by measuring the change in volume and physical properties of test samples after exposure to various conditions for a specified time at a specified temperature. Recommended times, temperatures, and test fluids for accelerated tests can be found in ASTM D471. It is usually desirable to use the actual service fluid. Because these fluids are not as controlled as test fluids, there can be some variations. This fluid variation s for differences in test results.

Hardness Change Hardness Change is usually controlled to avoid excessive softening (causing extrusion from pressure) or hardening (causing cracking). Tensile Strength Change A reasonable tolerance limit is usually set as insurance against excessive deterioration and early seal failure. Each individual fluid dictates its own specific limits. Experience will probably dictate these limits. However, 10% tolerance is not realistic since much wider variance in tensile strength can be experienced on two test specimens cut from the same sample. Elongation Change Experience will dictate this limit as noted under tensile change. Volume Change Determine the maximum amount of swell which can be tolerated in the O-ring application (usually 15% to 20% for dynamic and 50% for static applications). Determine the maximum amount of shrinkage which can be tolerated in the O-ring application (usually 3 % for both dynamic and static). Include a dry-out test after the immersion test to provide a control for dry-out shrinkage. Shrinkage of O-rings can be a cause of failure. It is necessary to stress the difference between test results on different size seals. An O-ring with a thinner cross section will not have the same volume swell as an O-ring with a thicker cross section when tested under the same conditions. This difference is at its peak during the first 70 hours of testing (most accelerated testing is specified within this period). Only after four to six weeks the volume swell of different cross section rings approaches an equilibrium value. Compression Set A realistic value for compression set is often all that is necessary to assure a good state of cure and resilience of a compound. Low Temperature Resistance Determine the lowest temperature at which the O-ring is expected to function. Most low temperature tests are designed to indicate the brittle point of a material which only tells at what temperature the compound is most likely to be completely useless as a seal in a standard O-ring design, but very little about the temperature at which it is useful. Only the TR-10 test gives information about the lowest temperature at which the compound exhibits rubberlike properties and therefore relates to low temperature sealing capabilities. O-rings in dynamic applications will seal at the TR-10 value. O-rings in static applications will function satisfactorily to about 10°C (ca. 15°F) below this value.


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9. Test Procedures There are standard ASTM, ISO, and DIN procedures for conducting most of the tests on rubber materials. It is important to follow these procedures carefully in conducting tests if uniform results are to be obtained. For instance, in pulling specimens to find tensile strength, elongation and modulus values, ASTM method D412 requires a uniform rate of pull of 20 inches (500 mm) per minute. In a test, tensile strength can be found to decrease 5% when the pulling speed is reduced to 2 inches per minute, and a decrease of 30% when the speed is reduced to 0.2 inches per minute. Different international norms for elastomers exist. In the following table is a comparison of the DIN, ISO, and ASTM norms. These norms are comparative, but can be slightly different. Test Specimens ASTM test methods include description of standard specimens for each test. Often two or more specimens are permitted, but results from the different specimens will seldom agree. The way that properties vary with the size of the specimen is not consistent. For instance, as the cross section increases, nitrile O-rings produce lower values of tensile strength, elongation, and compression set. Likewise, ethylene propylene O-rings produce a similar pattern for tensile and elongation values but not for compression set. In Fluorocarbon compounds, only the elongation changes. In fluid immersion tests, O-rings with a smaller cross section can be found to swell more than larger O-rings, while in explosive decompression tests the smaller cross sections will have better resistance to high pressure gas.

International Standards for Elastomers DIN Standard DIN 53519 T2 DIN 53479 DIN 53505 DIN 53517 DIN 53504 DIN 53504 DIN 53518 DIN 53521 DIN 53508 DIN 53509 DIN 53515

ISO Standard ISO 48 M ISO 2781 ISO 868 ISO 815 ISO 37 ISO 37 ISO 2285 ISO 1817 ISO 188 ISO 2921 ISO 1431 ISO 34-1

ASTM Standard ASTM D 1415 ASTM D 1817 ASTM D 2240 ASTM D 395 B ASTM D 412 ASTM D 412 ASTM D 471 ASTM D 573 ASTM D 1329 ASTM D 1149 ASTM D 624

Description Hardness, IRHD Specific Weight Hardness, Shore A Compression Set Tensile Strength Elongation at Break Tension Set Immersion Test Aging in Air Low Temperatrue Behaviour, TR10-Test Ozone Resistance Tear Resistance


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9. Test Procedures How to properly deal with Hardness and Compression Set Hardness Testing is the easiest test to carry out on O-rings, but a proper interpretation of the hardness may be difficult. The hardness commonly mentioned in the various data sheets refers to the standard measuring method by DIN or ASTM. This means that the test has been carried out on a standard slab of .08 inch (2 mm) or a button of .5 inch (12 mm) thickness. O-ring hardness measurements differ from measurements on slabs. In addition, the value per each individual O-ring cross section will vary as well: a small cross section of e.g. .08 inch (2 mm) will give higher values than a crosssection of .275 inch (7 mm) for the same compound. To make it even more complex, a distinction must be made between the two measuring standards: Shore A and IRHD. IRHD is more and more being used for O-rings. Measuring results of both methods may differ. It is peculiar that the difference depends on the kind of rubber. HNBR will show more deviations than FKM. What conclusion should consequently be made? With a view to the application, hardness is a parameter of relatively minor importance. The service life of an O-ring will not drastically be changed by a small difference in hardness. Please also note that data sheets always state ±5 points on IRHD or Shore A values. It is recommended that when testing hardness, testing methods should always be the same (same equipment, same specimen). In these circumstances a comparison is useful. Hardness Shore A readings taken on actual O-rings are notoriously variable because O-rings do not have flat surface and operators will vary in the accuracy with which they apply the indenter to the crown of the O-ring, the point that gives the best reliable reading. Therefore it is better to order compression set buttons from the same batch as the O-ring for the hardness test.

As to compression set it should be observed that one should carefully watch the information in the data sheet. In most cases the compression set stated has been measured on a slab or a button. This gives totally different values than measurements on actual O-rings. O-rings will show different values depending on the thickness of the sample. Small crosssections will give a higher value than large crosssections. The NBR and EPDM compression set values are commonly stated at 100°C (212°F ); for EPDM PC at 150°C (300°F) and for VMQ and FKM at 200°C (390°F). The lower the values, generally the better the sealing performance. See also the calculations of service life in which this subject is discussed extensively. Compression set of the standard ERIKS O-rings is measured on an O-ring with a crosssection of .139 inch (3.53 mm). Consequently all qualities can be compared. Changes in Environment Changes in a fluid medium can occur due to the effect of heat and contaminants during service so that a rubber that is virtually unaffected by new fluid may deteriorate in the same fluid after it has been used for a certain time. For this reason it is sometimes better to run tests in used fluids. Aging Deterioration with time or aging relates to the nature of the bonds in the rubber molecules. Three principle types of chemical reactions are associated with aging. • Cracking. The molecular bonds are cut, dividing the molecular chain into smaller segments. Ozone, ultraviolet light, and radiation cause degradation of this type. • Cross linking. An oxidation process whereby additional intermolecular bonds are formed. This process may be a regenerative one. Heat and oxigen are principle causes of this type of attack. • Modification of side groups. A change in the molecular complex due to chemical reaction. Moisture, for example, could promote this activity. All mechanisms by which rubber deteriorates with time are attributable to environmental conditions. Selection and application of O-rings to provide acceptable service life is the main subject of this handbook.


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9. Test Procedures Service life of an O-ring Calculations of Service Life For calculating the service life of O-rings ERIKS makes the assumption that the sealing life of an O-ring is zero, once the compression set has reached 100%. This indicates that the rubber has practically no elasticity and that the sealing force has become minimal so that leakage can easily develop. The best method to determine these values is to carry out "longterm" tests at a certain temperature under a certain pressure in a certain media. This is generally done in air, being the most receptive to aging. Field tests have shown that within the same polymername service life can vary widely e.g. 1000 to 6000 hours. Several compounds have been field tested by ERIKS for thousands of hours to determine the time at which the leakage occurs under specified conditions. As mentioned before, the service life of O-rings depend on both the formulation quality and the product quality. The formulation quality indicates the maximum properties of the compound. This quality is generally tested on each batch. The product quality strongly depends on the production process control.

Life Tests The extensive tests which preceded the determination of the O-ring service life have enabled ERIKS to give an indication of service life by means of short term tests i.e. life time tests. A service life test is a laboratory procedure used to determine the amount and duration of the resistance of an article to a specific set of destructive forces or conditions. Today, it is possible to perform these tests under the same conditions as those prevailing in many actual situations. In this way a picture of the service life of the seal can be achieved. Please observe that service life varies depending on the cross section and the temperature. The latest, most state-of-the-art computer programs can now predict these service life graphs by each individual cross section. This chapter gives an example of the results of life time tests according ISO 815 for different NBR compounds: A, B, and C, 70 shore O-rings with cross section .139 inch (3,53mm). This shows that different NBR-70 compounds give different life times.

Life tests for O-rings NBR 70° shore .139 inch (3,53 mm) / acc. ISO 815 / compression set 100% / hot air Hours 70.000

Hours 5.000

65.000 Compound

60.000 50.000 40.000

A

48.000

B

40.000

C

30.000

4.000 3.500 3.000 2.500 2.000

17.000

20.000

1.500

10.000

10.000

9.500

0 140°F (60°C)

NBR compound At 140°F (60°C) At 175°F (80°C) At 212°F (100°C) At 257°F (125°C)

Compound A 65.000 hr (6.5 yr.) 17.000 hr (1.7 yr.) 3.000 hr (4 m.) 740 hr (4 wk.)

A B

3.000

C

1.900 1.800 740

1.000 500 0

175°F (80°C)

Compound

4.500

500 450

212°F (100°C)

Compound B 48.000 hr (4.8 yr.) 10.000 hr (1 yr.) 1.900 hr (2.3 m.) 500 hr (18 d.)

257°F (125°C)

Compound C 40.000 hr (4 yr.) 9.500 hr (11 m.) 1.800 hr (9 wk) 450 hr (16 d.)

* Consult ERIKS for other lifetime tests.


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9. Test Procedures Life tests on 70 shore O-rings with a cross section of .139 inch (3,53 mm) in a sulphur cured EPDM and a peroxide cured EPDM give the following values. These values show the large difference in results between the two curing systems.

EPDM compound At 140°F (60°C) At 175°F (80°C) At 212°F (100°C)

Sulphur cured 100.000 hr (10 yr.) 52.000 hr (5.2 yr.) 8.500 hr (10 m.)

Peroxide cured 1000.000 hr (100 yr.) 250.000 hr ( 25 yr.) 34.000 hr ( 3.4 yr.)

Factors for small c.s. .070 At 175°F (80°C) : x 0.75 At 212°F (100°C) : x 0.65 At 257°F (125°C) : x 0.65

inch (1,78 mm)

For large c.s. .275 inch (6,99 mm) : x 1.80 : x 1.60 : x 1.50

Generally, in air, the service life for NBR 70 O-rings at 100°C (212°F) in the various compounds range from 2000 to 3000 hours. EPDM O-rings at 100°C (212°F) sulphur cured or peroxide cured range from 8.500 to 34.000 hours, depending on the compound. Other Eriks O-ring compound life test results are available. Please an ERIKS representative for more information. These test results give the number of expected hours, during which the compression set reaches (100%) when tested in air. When testing in oils, the service life is considerably higher (not for EPDM). Warm air can be a very aggressive environment for rubber. Since the interpretation of this data requires some explanation, please an ERIKS representative for more information.


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9. Test Procedures Extra service for O-rings In addition to test procedures specified by ERIKS, there are also different possibilities for specific quality assurance systems: • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

compression set testing hardness control following Shore A or IRHD surface control to Sortenmerkmal S (surface defect control) specific measurement to special tolerances special surface control tear strength test tensile strength test ozone testing lifetime testing chemical resistance tests infrared spectroscopy TGA-analysis FDA migration test TOC analysis FEA calculations Clean Room

These tests are carried out in our MTC (Material Technology Center) in Manchester, UK.


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9. Test Procedures Testing of hardness The most used method for hardnesstesting of rubberparts is the Shore A. On Orings or moulded parts the Microhardness in IRHD is more specific. The drawing shows the two methods.

IRHD-Micro DIN ISO 48M

Shore A DIN 53 505

IRHD: the norm is measuring on a 2mm sheet during 30 seconds. The shore A is measured on a 6mm sheet during 3 seconds. The first method is very sensitive for surfaceimperfections, the second is difficult for measuring at small crosssections. Compression set: In deg an O-ring seal, it is important to determine the O-ring compound early, as the compound selected may have an influence on the gland design. The application determines the rubber compound, the primary factor being the fluid to be sealed. But the elastomer must also resist extrusion when exposed to the maximum anticipated pressure and be capable of maintaining good physical properties through the full temperature range expected. This chapter discusses the next criteria that must be considered like compression set, hardness, tensile strength, chemical compatibility, thermal effects, pressure, and extrusion. Data and procedures enabling the designer to meet particular requirements or obtain specific performance from the seal will be found in this chapter.

Compression Set and Squeeze Compression set is the percentage of deflection that the elastomer fails to recover after a fixed period of time under a specific squeeze and temperature. Compression set is a very important sealing factor, because it is a measure of the expected loss of resiliency or "memory" of a compound. Compression set is generally determined in air and measured as a percentage of original deflection. Although it is desirable to have a low compression set value, this is not so critical as it might appear because of actual service variables. For instance, an O-ring may continue to seal after taking a 100% compression set, provided the temperature and system pressure remain steady and no motion or force causes a break in the line of seal . Also, swelling caused by with the service fluid, may compensate for compression set. The condition most to be feared is the combination of high compression set and shrinkage. This will lead to seal failure unless exceptionally high squeeze is employed. Compression set is calculated as follows:

C=

t0 - t1 t0 - ts

x 100 %


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9. Test Procedures Tensile strength and elongation: In the tensile strength the tensionlimits of the rubber are determined. Tensile strength and elongation at break are the outcome of the test. The test is foll DIN 53504 or ISO37. Elastomers are determined as follows: 0-5 MPa: low 5-10 MPa: middle 10-15 MPa: high 15-20 MPa: very high The DIN 53504 or ISO 37 is made as follows: • S2 rod • speed: 200mm/min

Aging properties/lifetime tests: Due to tests on hardness, volumeswell, tensile strength and elongation at different temperatures it is possible to define the heat resistance of seals in different compounds. Tests are carried out foll. ISO 188.

Ozon resistance: Due to climate changes ozon at higher concentratein can influence highly the lifetime of a seal or rubberpart. Mainly NR and NBR at 3 to 5% elongation are very ozonsensitive. NBR with ozon protection gives much better results. Tests at different ozonconcentrations, different elongations and different time(f.e. 48 hours) give comparative results. Ozon in these conditions gives scratches in the rubber. Tests are carried out foll ISO 1431.

Chemical resistance: Chemical resistance tests which determine: • volume increase • hardness change • change of networkstructure in the rubber are possible on all compounds. Tests are carried out foll DIN ISO 1817 and specific VDA testmethods.


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9. Test Procedures TGA (thermografic analysis): In this method a compound is burnt till only the ashes remain. At different temperature stages different ingredients burn and the weightchange is put in a diagram. This method gives a good idea of the composition of the compound. Infrared spectroscopy (FT/R): The resonance vibrations of the molecularconnections are ed by this method. In this way functional groups are defined and this allows to control the chemical composition of the elastomer. Basler inspecition machine: 100% inspection of O-rings: Via Basler inspection machines the tolerances and the surface imperfections are controlled by a camera system Cross section measurement: Via a laser controlled system the coresection is controlled automatically Suface Defects by magnificatioin: A 2x or 4x magnification allows us to control the surface defects of small quantities of seals. Finite Element Analysis (FEA): Our Finite Element Analysis capability allows us to provide an accurate mathematical prediction of seal performance. This technology allows us to model seal performance on the computer and ensure right first time solutions to sealing applications. The type of analysis we undertake can be as simple as that of calculating the maximum force required to insert a seal or as complex as predicted a seals performance after many years of service. We undertake customer specific projects that can combine our material testing and dynamic testing capabilities, in conjunction with FEA prediction, to provide data that provides a high level of confidence the seal will retain its integrity over the designed life of the application.


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9. Test Procedures Clean Room: A clear vision on clean products Due to a growing awareness in the field of purity, industry focuses more and more on effectively controlling manufacturing processes. Goal is to prevent technical components from being the cause of pollution in processes and systems. Pollution can originate from airborne solid particles, which can be visible or invisible. These particles are called aerosols. To avoid this type of pollution is an important factor in the pharmaceutical-, semiconductorand food industry. ISO class 7 The size of a human hair is 100 μm on average. Nowadays it is possible to filter up to 0.5 μm with very good results and relatively little effort. This filtering takes place in the cleanroom. This sealed space is filled with air in which only a limited number of particles, with a size of 0.5 μm or more, float about. The current norm for the industry is ISO 14644-1. Within this norm Eriks uses ISO class 7 (also known as class 10,000) for her cleanroom. The cleaning and packing takes place in an, even tighter, class 100 environment which is accepted by 90% of the industry.

®

Cleanroom cleaning and packing ERIKS is fully equipped to take over your cleaning and packing activities in one’s own cleanroom. Out-gassing of rubber products by means of vacuum ovens is also an added ERIKS-value to the market.


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10. Control The purpose of control is to insure uniformity of purchased parts from lot to lot. Control may be based on the requirements of the qualification section or actual qualification test results. One should be careful not to be trapped by writing a specification based on test reports having only a single set of values. Any single set of tests made on a particular batch is very unlikely to reflect mean values that can be duplicated in everyday production. Control tests should be limited to only those properties really pertinent to the control section of the specifications. Dimensions and surface quality are checked according AS 568A and AS 871 A , MIL-STD-413C, and DIN 3771 Part 1 and Part 4. Hardness is often specified as a control and is frequently problematic because of inherent difficulties in measuring hardness with O-ring specimens rather than standard hardness discs. A tolerance of ± 5 points is the standard allowance for experimental error caused by reading and production variance in batches of the same compound. Hardness also has a potential for discrepancies between durometer gauges, most manufactures have a ± 3 hardness points tolerance range. Hardness is a parameter of relatively minor importance, the service life of an O-ring will not be significantly changed by a small difference in hardness.

Modulus, a tolerance of ±25% is standard. This is a more sensitive indicator of the condition of the compound than tensile strength and elongation. This means that it varies more from batch to batch, requiring a wider tolerance range. Specific Gravity A tolerance of ± 0.02 may be applied. (±0.03 for silicone) Volume Change, a plus or minus tolerance on this property is frequently unrealistic because for expedience, the most critical time is usually specified for the test. This, combined with variance in commercial fluids and sample size, gives such an accumulation of negative factors, that it is not always feasible to use volume swell as a control. TGA To determine the composition of a rubber compound, thermogravometric analysis (TGA) is a relative inexpensive method. ERIKS uses this TGA-analysis to control compounds by essentially fingerprinting the customer compound. In cooperation with the customers’ quality-control department, specific TGA standards can be developed. The table below illustrates an example of TGA.

Elongation, a tolerance of ±20% is generally acceptable.

WT: 9.3815 mg - Rate: 40.00 dsg/min 96.38% From: 52.38 To: 51.33 % change: 3.63

% Weight

From: 451.33 To: 848.88 % change: 47.04 From: 848.88 To: 947.22 % change: 41.38

49.31%

7.93%

Temperature (C)


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11. Storage and Age Control of Elastomers Storage Life According SAE-ARP5316 issue 1998-11, storage life is the maximum period of time, starting from the time of manufacture, that an elastomeric seal element, appropriately packaged, may be stored under specific conditions, after which time it is regarded as unserviceable for the purpose for which it was originally manufactured. The time of manufacture is the cure date for thermoset elastomers or the time of conversion into a finished product for the thermoplastic elastomers.

In practice, longer storage periods may be used especially when 10 or 20 year categories are involved provided the parts are properly stored and periodic checks are performed. Generally, polyethylene bags stored in cardboard containers or polyethylene lined craft paper bags insure optimal storage life. Due to major improvements in compounding technique, storage life of relatively age-sensitive elastomers in normal warehousing conditions is considerable. MIL-HDBK-695C provides guidelines for recommended shelf life for different O-ring compounds.

Shelf life of elastomers when stored properly is especially determined by the specific compound. Table 3A-3 is taken from MIL-HDBK-695C and distinguishes 3 basic groups of elastomers. The values in this chart are minimal values.

Table 3A-3 MIL-HDBK-695C Type of rubber 20 Years or higher: Silicone Fluorosilicone Polysulfide Fluorocarbons Polyacrylate

Common or Trade Name

ASTM D1418 Abbreviation

ASTM D2000 Abbreviation

MIL-STD-417 Designation

Silicone Silastic LS Thiokol Fluorel, Viton® Acrylic

Q FVMQ T FKM ACM, ANM

FE FK BK HK DF, DH

TA TA SA TB

Up to 10 Years: Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene Isobutylene/Isoprene Polychloroprene Polyether Urethane Polypropylene oxide Ethylene/propylene Ethylene/propylenediene Epichlorohydrin

Hypalon Butyl Neoprene Urethane Propylene oxide Ethylene propylene Ethylene propyleneterpolymercopolymer Hydrin 100

CSM IIR CR EU GPO EPDM EPM CO

CE AA, BA BC, BE BG - BA, CA BA, CA -

RS SC -

Up to 5 years: Butadiene/acrylonitrile Butadiene/styrene Cis-polybutadiene Cis 1, 4, polyisoprene Cis 1, 4, polyisoprene Polyester Urethane

Nitrile, NBR SBR Butadiene Natural, pale crepe Synthetic natural Urethane

NBR SBR BR NR IR AU

BF, BG, BK, CH AA, BA AA AA AA -

SB RS RN RN RN -


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11. Storage and Age Control of Elastomers Experience has demonstrated that storage conditions are much more important in determining the useful life of O-rings than is time. SAE-ARP5316 addresses the general requirements for data recording procedures, packaging, and storing of aerospace elastomeric seals: 1. Temperature The storage temperature shall be below 100°F (38°C), except when higher temperatures are caused by temporary climate changes, and articles shall be stored away from direct sources of heat such as boilers, radiators, and direct sunlight. 2. Humidity The relative humidity shall be such that given the variations of temperature in storage, condensation does not occur. If the elastomers are not stored in sealed moisture proof bags, the relative humidity of the atmosphere in storage shall be less than 75% relative humidity, or if polyurethanes are being stored, shall be less than 65% relative humidity. 3. Light Elastomeric seals shall be protected from light sources, in particular direct sunlight or intense artificial light having an ultraviolet content. The individual storage bags offer the best protection as long as they are UV resistant. Note: It is advisable that windows of storage rooms where elastomers are stored in bulk be covered with a red or orange coating. 4. Radiation Precautions shall be taken to protect stored articles from all sources of ionizing radiation likely to cause damage to stored articles. 5. Ozone As ozone is particularly damaging to some elastomeric seals, storage rooms shall not contain any equipment that is capable of generating ozone such as mercury vapor lamps, high voltage electrical equipment giving rise to electrical sparks or silent electrical discharges. Combustion gases and organic vapor shall be excluded from storage rooms as they may give rise to ozone via photochemical processes.

6. Deformation Elastomeric seals shall be stored free from superimposed tensile and compressive stresses or other causes of deformation. Where articles are packaged in a strain-free condition, they shall be stored in their original packaging. O-rings of large inside diameter shall be formed into at least three superimposed loops so as to avoid creasing or twisting. Note: It is not possible to achieve this condition by forming just two loops, three are required. 7. with Liquid and Semi-Solid Materials Elastomeric seals shall not be allowed to come in with liquid or semi-solid materials (for example, gasoline, greases, acids, disinfectants, and cleaning fluids) or their vapors at any time during storage unless these materials are by design an integral part of the component or the manufacturer's packaging. When elastomeric seals are received coated with their operational media, they shall be stored in this condition. 8. with Metals Certain metals and their alloys (in particular, copper, manganese, and iron) are known to have deleterious effects on elastomers. Elastomeric seals shall not be stored in with such metals (except when bonded to them) but shall be protected by individual packaging. 9. with Dusting Powder Dusting powders shall only be used for the packaging of elastomeric items in order to prevent blocking or sticking. In such instances, the minimum quantity of powder to prevent adhesion shall be used. 10. between Different Elastomers between different elastomers and elastomers of different seals shall be avoided. 11. Elastomeric Seals bonded to Metal Parts The metal part of bonded elastomeric seals shall not come in with the elastomeric element of another seal. The bonded seal shall be individually packaged. Any preservative used on the metal shall be such that it will not affect the elastomeric element or the bond to such an extent that the seal will not comply with the product specification. 12. Stock Rotation Elastomeric seal stock should be rotated on the FIFO (First In, First Out) principle.


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11. Storage and Age Control of Elastomers Further proposals for storage conditions and maximum life of elastomer parts can be found in the ISO 2230: Rubber products – Guidelines for storage. This guideline differs slightly from the one stated 2 pages before in the SAE-ARP5361 and MIL-HDBK-695C. An appropriate packaging material should be free from substances having a degrading effect on the rubber. Heatsealable opaque materials should be used unless it is not practicable or can distort the packaged product. Suitable materials are polyethylene (PE)-coated kraft paper, aluminium foil/paper/PE laminate and opaque PE film. PVC film or any other film containing plasticizer is not recommended for direct with rubber. PE is suitable as a single wrapping and should be at least 0,075 mm thick. Where there is a serious risk of ingress of moisture, aluminium foil/paper/PE laminate or other similar means of protection should be used to ensure protection. The storage of rubber parts, such as o-rings, should be indoors under specific conditions. The major differences from the SAEARP5361 guidelines are: • temperature below 25°C, away from direct sources of heat • be patient at temperatures below 15°C due to risk of distortion due to handling of possible stiffened products – before products are placed in service, they should have been heated to 30°C • relative humidity in storage should be less than 70%, for polyurethanes less than 65%

The ISO 2230 standard splits the maximum storage time into an initial storage period and an extended storage period which may be applied after representative samples of the stored products were inspected. Inspection should be in accordance with the relevant production specification. A visual inspection should not show permanent distortions (like creases or flats), mechanical damage (cuts, tears, abraded areas), surface cracking when viewed under a magnification of 10X or changes in surface condition such as hardening, softening or tackiness. Testing can show if the relevant performance characteristics are within the acceptable limits. If the storage temperature is over or under 25°C the storage life will be influenced. Storage at a 10°C higher temperature will reduce the storage time by about 50% and storage at a 10°C lower temperature will increase storage time by about 100%! In general ERIKS recommends the following storage parameters: • Ambient temperature (preferably not higher than 25°C (77°F) • Dry environment and exclusion of contamination • Protect against direct sunlight • Protect against radiation • Protect against artificial light or other light sources containing UV-radiation • Protect from ozone generating electrical devices • Store parts without tension (never hang O-rings)


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11. Storage and Age Control of Elastomers Initial and extension storage periods for unassembled components following ISO 2230 Abbreviation

Chemical name from ISO 1629

Group A – Initial storage period 5 years, extension storage period 2 years BR Butadiene rubber NR Isoprene rubber, natural IR Isoprene rubber, synthetic SBR Styrene-butadiene rubber AU Polyester urethane rubber EU Polyether urethane rubber Group B - Initial storage period 7 years, extension storage period 3 years NBR Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber XNBR Carboxylic- acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber HNBR Hydrogenated NBR (with some unsaturation) CO, ECO Polychloromethyloxiran and copolymer ACM Copolymer of ethylacrylate (or other acrylates) and a small amount of a monomer which facilitates vulcanization CR Chloroprene rubber IIR Isobutene-isoprene-rubber BIIR Bromo-isobutene-isoprene-rubber CIIR Chloro-isobutene-isoprene-rubber Group C - Initial storage period 10 years, extension storage period 5 years CSM Chlorosulfonylpolyethylene EPDM Terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and a diene with the residual unsaturated portion of the diene in the side chain FKM Rubber having fluoro, perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroalkoxy substituent groups on the polymer chain VMQ Silicone rubber having both methyl and vinyl substituent groups on the polymer chain

Common name

Polybutadiene Natural rubber Polyisoprene SBR Polyurethane Polyurethane

Nitrile Carboxylated rubber Hydrogenated nitrile Epichlorohydrin Acrylic Neoprene Butyl Bromobutyl Chlorobutyl

Chlorosulfonated polyethylene EPDM Fluorocarbon Silicone


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12. O-ring Gland Design

Visit: www.o-ring.info

Wo que rldwid e feat u onli res n ne! ow

uni

Save time calculating and deg O-ring grooves and the O-ring sealing performance by checking parameters like o-ring compression, free groove volume, o-ring inner diameter stretch and even much more. The ERIKS O-ring design calculator features the calculation of: • o-ring dimensions for the use in a specific groove • groove dimensions for the use of a specific o-ring • evaluation of both, any combination of o-ring and groove for axial seals with inner or outer pressure, piston seals and rod seals. Worldwide unique online calculation tool taking into consideration of the thermal expansion of the groove and the O-ring. As well as the chemical volume swell or shrinkage of the O-ring. Choose between more than 30 groove materials and 11 O-ring compounds! Benefit from a modern friendly design and be guided from design recommendations from info boxes. • Easy to use • PDF output • Saving of your designs • Easy search for ERIKS standard O-rings


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12. O-ring Gland Design The following pages contain basic O-ring gland design information. Please the local ERIKS representative if an application does not clearly fall into these design parameters.

Dovetail seal Also here there is a metal to metal as long as the construction will not deform under system pressure. (fig. 1-30).

Static Applications There are five types of static O-ring applications: • Flange seal • Radial seal • Dovetail seal • Boss seal • Crush seal

Boss seal The groove dimensions are incorporated in the standard dimensions. Surface Finish Static Grooves Straight-sided grooves are best to prevent extrusion or nibbling. Five degree sloping sides are easier to machine and are suitable for lower pressures. Surface finishes up to 64 to 125 RMS with no burrs, nicks, or scratches are recommended.

Flange Seal (Axial Seal) In flange seal glands, the two flanges are assembled with metal to metal . So in fact there is no remarkable gap and no risk for extrusion of the O-ring as long as the construction does not deform under system pressure. (fig. 1-26). When system pressure is from the outside, the groove inside diameter is of primary importance and the groove width then determines the outside diameter. When system pressure is from the inside the reverse is true. Radial Seal Because the metal parts are pressed or screwed together there is always a clearance gap with risk for extrusion. (fig. 1-27).

Pressure outside

The method used to produce the finish is important. If the finish is produced by machining the part on a lathe, or by some other method that produces scratches and ridges that follow the direction of the machinehead, a very rough surface will still seal effectively. Other methods, however, such as end milling, will produce scratches that cut across the O-ring. Even these may have a rather high roughness value if the profile across them shows rounded scratches that the rubber can readily flow into.

Pressure inside

Fig. 1-26

Fig. 1-27

x = surface finish in µ Ra

132

Fig. 1-30


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12. O-ring Gland Design Dynamic Applications There are three types of dynamic applications: • Reciprocating Seal • Oscillating Seal • Rotating Seal Application in reciprocating and oscillating motions Groove dimensions for reciprocating and oscillating applications are the same. Dynamic applications, due to the motion against the O-ring, are more complicated than static applications. Fluid compatibility must be more carefully scrutinized because a volume swell of more than 20% may lead to difficulties with high friction problems and only a minimum of shrinkage, at most 4%, can be tolerated to avoid leakage problems. Because of the movement between the gland parts there always is a clearance gap with a potential risk for extrusion of the O-ring. O-ring seals are best in dynamic applications when used on short stroke, relatively small diameter applications. Long stroke, large diameter seals are more susceptible to spiral failure. Application of O-rings in rotary motions In a rotating application a shaft continuously rotates in the inside diameter of the O-ring, causing friction and heat. Because rubber is a poor conductor of heat, the O-ring can loose its properties. To minimize or reduce wear, the following could be done; however consult the local ERIKS representative: • confirm amount of squeeze. • use the smallest possible cross section. • select an O-ring with internal lubrication or use low friction minerals. • do not exceed a temperature of 212°F (100°C). • do not use a shaft which is larger than the inside diameter of the O-ring. • provide lubrication. • do not let the O-ring rotate in the groove, only relative to the shaft. • rough sealing surfaces of the groove will prevent rotation. • check surface finish (may be too rough)

Installing the O-ring Mating metal surfaces are generally of different metals, with one metal being softer than the other. The O-ring groove should be put in the softer of the metals. In the event that the metals wear on each other the harder metal will be less damaged, thus insuring a good sealing surface. Surface Finish for Dynamic Grooves Straight-sided grooves are best to prevent extrusion or nibbling. Five degree sloping sides are easier to machine and are suitable for pressures up to 1500 psi. (100 bar). The rubbing surfaces should be 8 to 16 RMS without longitudinal or circumferential scratches. Best surfaces are honed, burnished, or hard chrome plated. Finishes of dynamic ing surfaces have a lot to do with the life of the O-ring seals. Appropriate surface finishes are important. Limits of maximum roughness for glands are given. Rougher finishes will cause excessive wear. Finer finishes reduce lubrication to the O-ring and may result in stick slipping and irregular wear. Surface roughness values less than 5 micro inches (0,15µmRa) are not recommended for dynamic O-ring seals. The surface must be rough enough to hold small amounts of oil. Finishes below 5 RMS wipe too clean for good moving seal life. Steel or cast iron cylinder bores are preferred. They should be thick enough not to expand or breathe with pressure, otherwise the radial clearance gap may expand and contract with pressure fluctuations-causing nibbling of the O-ring.


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12. O-ring Gland Design Friction In normal applications harder materials provide less friction than softer materials. However, the higher the hardness of the O-ring, above 70 Shore A, the greater the friction. This is because the compressive force at the same squeeze, is greater than with softer materials. Compound swell decreases the hardness and may increase friction. The lower the operating temperature the harder the seal becomes which can also increase friction. However, thermal contraction of the seal material which reduces effective squeeze may offset any increased friction caused by an increase of hardness.

Seal extrusion If the radial clearance gap between the sealing surface and the groove corners (clearance gap) is too large and the pressure exceeds the deformation limit of the O-ring, extrusion of the O-ring material will occur. When this happens, the extruded material wears or frays with cycling and the seal starts to leak.

Breakout friction is the force necessary to start relative motion. This is dependent upon the length of the time between cycles. It also depends on the surface finish of the metal, the rubber hardness, squeeze, and other friction-affecting factors. After standing 10 days, the breakout friction will be 2 to 5 times the friction of a seal under light load. Breakout friction can be reduced by utlizing softer O-ring or specially modified compounds. Running friction depends on two factors: the force exerted on the ring's rubbing surface by the compression force of the squeeze and the force of the system's pressure against and tending to distort the O-ring into a "D" shape. The former depends on the hardness of the O-ring, its percentage-squeeze and the length of the rubbing surface. The surface over which the O-ring will slide also becomes very important. It must be hard and wear resistant, it must be sufficiently smooth that it will not abrade the rubber, and yet there must be minute pockets to hold lubricant. Soft metals like aluminum, brass, bronze, monel, and some stainless steels should be avoided. Metallic moving surfaces sealed by an O-ring preferably should never touch, but if they must, then the one containing the O-ring groove should be a soft bearing material. If excessive clearance is created, extrusion will result. If adequate squeeze has not been applied, leakage will result. &IG A

If friction is excessive a variety of possible solutions exist: • Select a different O-ring hardness. • Select a different O-ring material with improved coefficient of friction. • Increase the groove depth. • Consider the use of an alternate design of seal. • Viton® has much lower friction than NBR or EPDM or Silicone. • Check to ensure squeeze is within the recommended range. • Do not reduce the squeeze below recommended levels in an attempt to reduce friction. The reduction in squeeze will cause the application to leak.

For extrusion and direction of pressure information for static seals see fig. 1-26. In a reciprocating application the tendency for extrusion will increase if friction and system pressure act on the O-ring in the same direction. Groove design can reduce the tendency for extrusion. See figures 1-32 a & b. If the friction of the moving metal surface across the O-ring is in the same direction as the direction of the pressure, the O-ring will be dragged into the clearance gap more readily and thus extrude at about 35% of the pressure normally necessary to cause extrusion. By placing the groove in the opposite metal part, the friction will work against pressure. One of the best ways to reduce extrusion is to use the back-up ring (see page 147).

&IG B

Clearance gap

0 -EDIA

0 -EDIA

&RICTION -OVEMENT

&RICTION -OVEMENT

134

Clearance gap

Fig. 1-32 a

Fig. 1-32 b


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12. O-ring Gland Design Groove depth and clearance gap The right groove depth in O-ring applications is very important because it strongly influences the squeeze of the O-ring cross section. In the tables the groove depth always includes the machined groove depth and the clearance gap. The clearance gap influences the rate of extrusion. Because it is very difficult to measure the groove depth it is better to make the calculation with the bore, plug and groove diameter as stated below. CLEARANCEGAP PRESSURE

There are two types of radial designs: 1. Male or Plug - the O-ring groove is located on a plug which is inserted into the housing or cylinder (fig. 1-23) 2. Female or Tube - the O-ring groove is located in the housing or cylinder and a tube is installed through the O-ring l.D. (fig. 1-24). Male or Plug Seal design is based on the following factors (refer to fig. 1-23). Bore Diameter (A) Plug Diameter (H) Groove Diameter (B) Groove Width (F) as shown in the dimension tables. Gland Depth (E) as shown in the dimension tables. Mechanical Squeeze for the gland is determined by the bore diameter and the groove diameter in a plug or male type seal (fig. 23). The formula for determining the groove diameter(B) when the bore diameter(A) and gland depth(E) are known is:

Fig. 1-19

B min. = A min. minus 2 x E max. B max. = A max. minus 2 x E min. Seal Design Seals are divided into three primary categories: Static Face or Flange, Static Radial type, and Dynamic Radial type. Face or Flange type seals have no clearance gap, but consist of a groove cut into one flange with a flat mating flange bolted together to give a surface to surface . Static Radial Seals and Dynamic Radial Seals require the presence of a diametrical clearance gap for installation.

Squeeze is measured from the bottom of the groove to the mating surface and includes the clearance gap. The following formula is used to determine the actual gland depth with tolerances: Max. Gland Depth = max. bore minus min. groove diameter, divided by 2. Min. Gland Depth = min. bore minus max. groove diameter, divided by 2.

fig 1-14

Break corners app. R = .005 (0,15)

H

A

Fig. 1-23

B

E x = surface finish µ Ra

A

D

H

Fig. 1-24

groove depth is incl. gap

F


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12. O-ring Gland Design Total Diametrical Clearance is the difference between the bore diameter (A) and the plug diameter (H) dimensions. Tolerances of the bore and plug diameters determine the maximum and minimum diametrical clearance gap. These values divided by two will give the radial maximum and minimum clearance gaps. Female or Tube seals (fig 24) are based upon the following: Bore Diameter (A) Plug Diameter (H) Groove Diameter (D) Groove Width (F) as shown in the dimension tables. Gland Depth (E) as shown in the dimension tables. Mechanical Squeeze for this type of seal is determined by the groove diameter (D) and the plug diameter (H). The formula for determining the groove diameter (D) when the plug diameter (H) and the groove depth (E) are known is: D max. =H max. Plus 2 E max. D min. = H min. plus 2 E min. Squeeze is measured from the bottom of the groove to the mating surface and includes the clearance gap. Use the following formula for determining the actual gland depth with tolerance:

Total Diametrical Clearance is the difference between the bore diameter (A) and the plug diameter (H). Tolerances of the bore diameter and the plug diameter determine the maximum and minimum total diametrical clearance gap. The size of the clearance gap is also influenced by the degree of "breathing" of the metal parts. When using the values from the tables, include in the diametrical clearance any breathing or expansion of the mating metal parts that may be anticipated due to pressure. In some constructions the clearance gap is equal on the whole circumference of the O-ring. This is total clearance with maximum concentricity. If concentricity between piston and cylinder is rigidly maintained, radial clearance is diametrical clearance. In practice in most constructions, due to side loading and misalignment, on one spot of the O-ring circumference the clearance gap is minimum or even zero and on the opposite spot it will be maximum. This is total clearance with maximum eccentricity. (fig.20) Please the local ERIKS representative for additional information on wear bands and bearing for improving concentricity.

fig 1-20 Max. Gland Depth = Max. groove diameter minus min. plug diameter, divided by 2. Min. Gland Depth = Min. groove diameter minus max. plug diameter, divided by 2.

S

bore

rod total clearance with max. eccentricity

S

total clearance with max. concentricity Fig. 1-20


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Note: for silicone and fluorosilicone O-rings reduce all the clearances shown by 50%. The diagram (fig. 1-21) gives a guide to the relation between hardness, pressure, clearance, and extrusion. This figure is based on NBR O-rings with a cross section of .139 inch (3,53 mm) without back up rings. When there is risk for extrusion use contoured hard rubber or plastic back-up rings. The results are based on tests at temperatures up to 70°C. Selection of O-ring OD and ID When selecting an O-ring ID (or an O-ring OD), consider first the stretch that will be included on the O-ring on final assembly. O-rings and grooves should be dimensioned to give acceptable strech both on assembly and on pressurization. Table 3.C gives the O-ring/groove common dimensions for good sealing practice for several groove types.

Table 3.B-1a Gland clearance in relation to hardness and O-ring cross section

Max. clearance 70 Shore A inch mm .002 - .004 0,05 - 0,1 .002 - .005 0,05 - 0,13 .002 - .006 0,05 - 0,15 .003 - .007 0,07 - 0,18 .004 - .010 0,1 - 0,25

10.500 (700) 9.000 (600) 4.500 (300) 3.000 (200) 2.000 (140) 1.500 (100)

extrusion

1.000 (70) 825 (55) 600 (40)

90°Sh.A

450 (30) 300 (20)

70°Sh.A no extrusion

225 (15)

For flange-type grooves with internal pressure, design the system so that on assembly, the O-ring OD seats onto the OD of the groove. Make sure that the O-ring OD is not larger than the groove OD to ensure a good seal. This will ensure best possible seal fit, and minimize stretch on assembly.

150 (10)

inch mm

.010 0,25

.020 0,5

.030 0,7

.040 1,0

Total Diametral Clearance Gap Fig. 1-21

If the pressure direction is reversed, make sure that the O-ring ID seats onto the ID of the groove. Effectively, this ensures that when the system is pressurized the O-ring does not stretch. In the case of a trapezoidal, or other irregularly shaped groove, first look at the pressure direction and then decide on how to minimize stretch. For the case of a trapezoidal section groove use the groove centroid as a base for determining a suitable O-ring ID. This ensures easy assembly and normally small stretch. In any case, initial stretch on assembly should not exceed 3%.

Cross section inch mm .070 1,0-2,0 .103 2,0-3,0 .139 3,0-4,0 .210 4,0-6,0 >.275 >6,0

Pressure psi (bar)

The most effective and reliable sealing is generally provided with the diametrical clearance as shown in Table 3.B-1a. The maximum allowable gaps are indicated for 70° hardness O-rings with different cross sections without back-ups for reciprocating and static seals. These values correspond to a pressure of ca. 1200 PSI (80 bar) (8 MPa) at 70°F (21°C). When greater clearances occur, fig. 1-21 indicates conditions where O-ring seals may be used - depending on the fluid pressure and O-ring hardness. [See Table 3.B-1a]

Table 3.C - O-ring/groove common dimensions for good seal fit Seal type Pressure Direction Flange Internal Flange External Crush Trapezoidal flange groove Piston rod/housing

Common seal/ groove dimensions OD ID ID Centroid ID

137


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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 A. Gland Design Static Axial Application Gland Design for Static Application for O-rings with Axial Squeeze


Surface Finish X groove top and bottom : for liquids X = 32 micro inches (0.8 µm Ra) for vacuum and gases X = 16 micro inches (0.4 µm Ra) groove sides: X = 63 micro inches (1.6 µm Ra)

Pressure outside

Pressure inside

x = surface finish µm Ra groove depth is incl. gap

Fig. 1-27 a

Fig. 1-26

Table AS C1 - Gland Dimensions (inches) Industrial Face or Flange Type O-ring Cross section W Nominal Actual 1/16 .070 3/32 .103 1/8 .139 3/16 .210 1/4 .275

Gland Depth Static Squeeze Axial Static In. for Face Seals E Actual In % .050/.054 .013/.023 27 .074/.080 .020/.032 21 .101/.107 .028/.042 20 .152/.162 .043/.063 18 .201/.211 .058/.080 16

Groove Width W Liquids Vacuum & Gases .101/.107 .084/.089 .136/.142 .120/.125 .177/.187 .158/.164 .270/.290 .239/.244 .342/.362 .309/.314

Groove Radius R

.005/.015 .005/.015 .010/.025 .020/.035 .020/.035

These dimensions are intended primarily for face type seals and normal temperature applications.


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12. O-ring Gland Design Table 3.C-1 Gland Dimensions Static Application-Face Seal Glands-Metric

Gland Design for Static Application for O-rings with Axial Squeeze Face Seal Glands (METRIC) O-rings which are compressed axially in a static application are also called flange seals. (see fig. 26 and 27).


Pressure outside

Pressure inside

Fig. 1-26



Fig. 1-27 a

W E F O-ring cross section Gland Depth Groove Width Diam. Tol. +/- Liquids Vacuum/ ISO 3601-1B Tol. -0/+ Tol. -0/+0,13 gases mm 0,90 0,08 0,68 0,02 1,30 1,10 1,0 - 1,02 0,08 0,75 0,02 1,45 1,20 1,20 0,08 0,90 0,02 1,75 1,45 1,25 - 1,27 0,08 0,94 0,02 1,80 1,50 1,42 0,08 1,07 0,02 2,05 1,70 1,50 0,08 1,13 0,02 2,20 1,80 1,60 - 1,63 0,08 1,20 0,03 2,35 1,90 1,78 - 1,80 0,08 1,34 0,03 2,60 2,15 1,90 0,08 1,43 0,03 2,75 2,30 2,0 0,08 1,51 0,04 2,90 2,40 2,20 0,08 1,67 0,04 2,90 2,55 2,40 0,09 1,82 0,04 3,20 2,80 2,46 0,09 1,87 0,04 3,25 2,85 2,50 0,09 1,90 0,04 3,30 2,90 2,65 0,09 1,99 0,04 3,50 3,05 2,70 0,09 2,05 0,04 3,60 3,15 2,95 0,09 2,24 0,04 3,90 3,40 3,0 0,09 2,27 0,04 3,90 3,45 3,15 0,09 2,38 0,05 4,15 3,60 3,55 0,10 2,67 0,05 4,60 4,05 3,60 0,10 2,72 0,05 4,70 4,10 4,0 0,10 3,03 0,06 5,25 4,60 4,50 0,10 3,60 0,06 6,10 5,10 4,70 0,13 3,76 0,06 6,40 5,35 4,80 0,13 3,84 0,06 6,50 5,45 5,0 0,13 4,00 0,06 6,80 5,70 5,30 0,13 4,26 0,08 7,25 6,05 5,50 0,13 4,40 0,08 7,45 6,25 5,70 0,13 4,56 0,08 7,75 6,50 5,80 0,13 4,64 0,08 7,90 6,60 6,0 0,13 4,98 0,08 8,00 6,75 6,40 0,15 5,31 0,1 8,30 7,20 6,50 0,15 5,40 0,1 8,40 7,30 6,90 0,15 5,73 0,1 8,95 7,75 6,99 0,15 5,80 0,1 9,05 7,85 7,0 0,15 5,81 0,1 9,05 7,90 7,50 0,15 6,23 0,1 9,70 8,40 8,0 0,15 6,64 0,1 10,35 9,00 8,40 0,15 6,97 0,15 10,90 9,45 9,0 0,2* 7,65 0,15 11,10 10,40 10,0 0,2* 8,50 0,15 12,30 11,55 11,0 0,2* 9,35 0,15 13,55 12,70 12,0 0,2* 10,20 0,15 14,80 13,85 13,0 0,2* 11,05 0,15 16,00 15,00 14,0 0,2* 11,90 0,3 17,25 16,15 16,0 0,2* 13,60 0,3 19,70 18,45 18,0 0,2* 15,30 0,3 22,15 20,80 20,0 0,2* 17,00 0,3 24,65 23,10

R Groove Radius 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 0,7 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5

* not defined in ISO 3601/1

139


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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 B. Gland Design Static Radial Application Gland Design for Static Application for O-rings with Radial Squeeze Industrial Radial Glands INCHES

Surface Finish X groove top and bottom : for liquids X = 32 micro inches (0.8 µm Ra)


for vacuum and gases X = 16 micro inches (0.4 µm Ra) groove sides: X = 63 micro inches (1.6 µm Ra) x = surface finish µm Ra

Fig. 1-28

groove depth is incl. gap

Fig. 1-27 a

Table AS.C2 Gland Dimensions Static Seals - Industrial Radial Applications (Inches) O-ring Gland Depth. Static Clearance Cross section Radial Static Squeeze for Diametral W E Radial Seals Nominal Actual Actual % Standard 1/16 .070 .050/.052 .015/.023 22/32 *.002 min. .093/.098 3/32 .103 .081/.083 .017/.025 17/24 *.002 min. .140/.145 1/8 .139 .111/.113 .022/.032 16/23 *.003 min. .187/.192 3/16 .210 .170/.173 .032/.045 15/21 *.003 min. .281/.286 1/4 .275 .226/.229 .040/.055 15/20 *.004 min. .375/.380 1. Total Indicator Reading between groove and adjacent bearing surface.

Groove Width F One Backup Washer2 .138/.143 .171/.176 .208/.213 .311/.316 .408/.413

Two Backup Washers2 .205/.210 .238/.243 .275/.280 .410/.415 .538/.543

Groove Radius R

Max. Allowable Eccentricity1

.005/.015 .005/.015 .010/.025 .020/.035 .020/.035

.005/.015 .005/.015 .010/.025 .020/.035 .020/.035

2. These groove dimensions are for compounds that free swell less than 15%. Suitable allowances should be made for higher swell compounds. * For max. allowable cleareance, refer to fig. 22 to determine value based upon pressure requirement and compound hardness.

* Maximum clearance should be reduced by 1/2 for compounds exhibiting poor strength such as silicone and fluorosilicone.

Male plug dimensions and female throat (bore) dimensions must be calculated based upon maximum and minimum clearance gaps.


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12. O-ring Gland Design Table 3.C-2 Gland dimensions Static Application-Industrial Radial Seals, metric

12 B. Gland Design Static Radial Application Gland Design for Static Application for O-rings with Radial Squeeze Industrial Radial Glands INCHES Surface Finish X groove top and bottom : for liquids X = 32 micro inches (0.8 µm Ra) for vacuum and gases X = 16 micro inches (0.4 µm Ra) groove sides: X = 63 micro inches (1.6 µm Ra)

Fig. 1-28


x = surface finish µ Ra groove depth is incl. gap

Fig. 1-27 a

W E S Diametr. F Groove R Groove Max. O-ring cross section Gland Depth Clearance Width Radius Eccentricity Diam. Tol. +/- Tol. ISO 3601-1B Tol. -0/+ Tol. -0/+0,13 mm

0,90 0,08 0,65 0,02 0,1 1,20 0,2 1,0 - 1,02 0,08 0,72 0,02 0,1 1,35 0,2 1,20 0,08 0,87 0,02 0,1 1,60 0,2 1,25 - 1,27 0,08 0,91 0,02 0,1 1,65 0,2 1,42 0,08 1,03 0,02 0,1 1,90 0,2 1,50 0,08 1,09 0,02 0,1 2,00 0,2 1,60 - 1,63 0,08 1,16 0,03 0,1 2,10 0,2 1,78 - 1,80 0,08 1,29 0,03 0,1 2,35 0,2 1,90 0,08 1,38 0,03 0,1 2,50 0,2 2,0 0,08 1,45 0,04 0,1 2,65 0,2 2,20 0,08 1,74 0,04 0,1 3,00 0,2 2,40 0,09 1,90 0,04 0,1 3,25 0,2 2,46 0,09 1,94 0,04 0,1 3,35 0,2 2,50 0,09 1,98 0,04 0,1 3,40 0,2 2,65 0,09 2,07 0,04 0,1 3,55 0,2 2,70 0,09 2,13 0,04 0,1 3,65 0,2 2,95 0,09 2,33 0,04 0,1 4,00 0,5 3,0 0,09 2,40 0,04 0,15 4,05 0,5 3,15 0,09 2,52 0,05 0,15 4,25 0,5 3,55 0,10 2,82 0,05 0,15 4,75 0,5 3,60 0,10 2,88 0,05 0,15 4,85 0,5 4,0 0,10 3,20 0,06 0,15 5,40 0,5 4,50 0,10 3,64 0,06 0,15 6,00 0,5 4,70 0,13 3,80 0,06 0,15 6,30 0,5 4,80 0,13 3,88 0,06 0,15 6,40 0,5 5,0 0,13 4,04 0,06 0,15 6,70 0,7 5,30 0,13 4,31 0,08 0,15 7,15 0,7 5,50 0,13 4,45 0,08 0,15 7,35 0,7 5,70 0,13 4,61 0,08 0,15 7,65 0,7 5,80 0,13 4,69 0,08 0,15 7,75 0,7 6,0 0,13 4,91 0,08 0,18 8,15 0,7 6,40 0,15 5,24 0,1 0,18 8,70 0,7 6,50 0,15 5,32 0,1 0,18 8,85 0,7 6,90 0,15 5,65 0,1 0,18 9,40 0,7 6,99 0,15 5,72 0,1 0,18 9,50 0,7 7,0 0,15 5,73 0,1 0,18 9,55 0,7 7,50 0,15 6,14 0,1 0,18 10,20 1,0 8,0 0,15 6,55 0,1 0,18 10,90 1,0 8,40 0,15 6,87 0,15 0,18 11,45 1,0 9,0 0,2* 7,65 0,15 0,18 11,85 1,0 10,0 0,2* 8,50 0,15 0,18 13,20 1,0 11,0 0,2* 9,35 0,15 0,18 14,50 1,0 12,0 0,2* 10,20 0,15 0,18 15,85 1,0 13,0 0,2* 11,05 0,15 0,18 17,15 1,5 14,0 0,2* 11,90 0,3 0,18 18,45 1,5 16,0 0,2* 13,60 0,3 0,18 21,10 1,5 18,0 0,2* 15,30 0,3 0,18 23,75 1,5 20,0 0,2* 17,00 0,3 0,18 26,40 1,5

0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13

141

* not defined in ISO 3601/1 All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 C. Gland Design Dovetail Grooves Gland Design for a Static Application; for O-rings in Dovetail Grooves, INCHES Dovetail grooves are used to hold the O-ring in place during installation or maintenance. This groove design is relatively uncommon as it is expensive to machine and should not be used unless absolutely required. The dovetail groove construction is only recommended for O-rings with cross sections of .139 inch (3,53 mm) and larger.

x = surface finish in µm Ra

Fig. 1-30


Table AS.C3 Gland Dimensions Dovetail Grooves, Inches O-ring Gland Depth. Squeeze Cross section % W E 1/16 .070 .050/.052 27 3/32 .103 .081/.083 21 1/8 .139 .111/.113 20 3/16 .210 .171/.173 18 1/4 .275 .231/.234 16 3/8 .375 .315/.319 16

Groove Width to Sharp Corner F2 .055/.059 .083/.087 .113/.117 .171/.175 .231/.235 .315/.319

Groove Radius

.005 .010 .010 .015 .015 .020

.015 .015 .030 .030 .060 .090

Radius "R2" is critical. Insufficient radius will cause damage to the seal during installation, while excessive radius may contribute to extrusion. R2 is size radius, R1 is machining radius.


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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 C. Gland Design Dovetail Grooves Gland Design for a Static Application for O-rings in Dovetail Grooves, METRIC Dovetail grooves are used to hold the O-ring in place during installation or maintenance. This groove design is relatively uncommon as it is expensive to machine and should not be used unless absolutely required. The dovetail groove construction is only recommended for O-rings with bigger cross sections, .139 inch (3,53 mm) and bigger.


Table 3.C-3 Gland Dimensions Dovetail Grooves, metric W E O-ring Groove Cross Section Depth mm E +-0,05 3,0 2,4 3,5 - 3,53* 2,8 4,0 3,2 4,5 3,65 5,0 4,15 5,33* 4,4 5,5 4,6 5,7 4,8 6,0 5,05 6,5 5,5 6,99* - 7,0 5,95 7,5 6,4 8,0 6,85 8,4 7,25 8,5 7,35 9,0 7,8 9,5 8,2 10,0 8,7

F Groove Width F +/-0,05 2,7 3,15

α R Side Wall Radius Angle R2 α +/-1° R1 29 0,25 0,25 28 0,25 0,25

3,6 4,05

32 28

0,8 0,8

0,25 0,25

4,5 4,8 4,95 5,15

24 24 24 23

0,8 0,8 0,8 0,8

0,25 0,25 0,4 0,4

5,4 5,85 6,3

25 24 23

1,15 1,15 1,15

0,4 0,4 0,5

6,45

24

1,15

0,5

6,9 7,05 7,15

24 24 24

1,15 1,15 1,15

0,5 0,5 0,5

7,45 7,05

24 24

1,15 1,15

0,5 0,5

8,1

24

1,15

0,5

x = surface finish in µm Ra

Fig. 1-30


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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 D. Gland Design for Static Boss Seals O-ring boss Gaskets for Straight Thread Tube Fittings

Q

chamfer relief to hex flats should be

diameter

to this point

centric with thread p.D. within

45° ± 5°

15° ± 5° angle and E dia

D should be con-

full threads

J

thread

.005 f.i.r.

min. boss

within the

.010 .005

height

limitations

U dia.

The 900-series of dash numbers identify the size of boss seals. The digits after the 9 identify the nominal tube size in 16ths of an inch. The tube size is the outside diameter (OD). For example, size 903 is intended for use with 3/16-inch OD tube.

F

E

45° ± 5°

rad

100

detail

O Y ‘A’

detail

squareness between thread and face of hex should not exceed

H

when measured at diameter

.015 rad for

min. spot-

thread runout

face

.031 .016

diameter

K thd.

P

D dia. this dim. applies

only when tap drill can not thru

rad

E

‘A’

Z

entire boss

Boss Dimensions AS 568 Cross- I.D. Tube Thread O-ring section Outside Size Nr. Ø -902 .064 ± .003 .239 ± .005 1/8 5/16-24 UNF-2B -903 .064 ± .003 .301 ± .005 3/16 3/8-24 UNF-2B -904 .072 ± .003 .351 ± .005 1/4 7/16-20 UNF-2B -905 .072 ± .003 .414 ± .005 5/16 1/2-20 UNF-2B -906 .078 ± .003 .468 ± .005 3/8 9/16-20 UNF-2B -908 .087 ± .003 .644 ± .009 1/2 3/4-16 UNF-2B -910 .097 ± .003 .755 ± .009 5/8 7/8-14 UNF-2B -912 .116 ± .004 .924 ± .009 3/4 1 1/16-12 UN-2B -913 .116 ± .004 .986 ± .010 13/16 -914 .116 ± .004 1.047 ± .010 7/8 1 3/16-12 UN-2B -916 .116 ± .004 1.171 ± .010 1 1 5/16-12 UN-2B -920 .118 ± .004 1.475 ± .014 1 1/4 1 5/8-12 UN-2B 1/2 -924 .118 ± .004 1.720 ± .014 1 1 7/8-12 UN-2B -932 .118 ± .004 2.337 ± .018 2 2 1/2-12 UN-2B

J D min. min. THD Depth .390 .062 .390 .125 .454 .172 .454 .234 .500 .297 .562 .391 .656 .484 .750 .609

U K Y +.005 +.015 min. -.000 -.000

P min.

Z ±1°

0 min.

.358 .421 .487 .550 .616 .811 .942 1.148

.074 .074 .093 .093 .097 .100 .100 .130

.672 .750 .828 .906 .909 1.188 1.344 1.625

.468 .468 .547 .547 .609 .688 .781 .906

12° 12° 12° 12° 12° 15° 15° 15°

.438 .500 .563 .625 .688 .875 1.000 1.250

.750 .719 1.273 .750 .844 1.398 .750 1.078 1.713 .750 1.312 1.962 .750 1.781 2.587

.130 .130 .132 .132 .132

1.765 1.910 2.270 2.560 3.480

.906 .906 .906 .906 .906

15° 15° 15° 15° 15°

1.375 1.500 1.875 2.125 2.750

Fitting End Dimensions (MS33656) O-ring Cross- I.D. Size Nr. section AS-902 .064 ± .003 .239 ± .005 AS-903 .064 ± .003 .301 ± .005 AS-904 .072 ± .003 .351 ± .005 AS-905 .072 ± .003 .414 ± .005 AS-906 .078 ± .003 .468 ± .005 AS-908 .087 ± .003 .644 ± .009 AS-910 .097 ± .003 .755 ± .009 AS-912 .116 ± .004 .924 ± .009 AS-914 .116 ± .004 1.047 ± .010 AS-916 .116 ± .004 1.171 ± .010 AS-920 .118 ± .004 1.475 ± .014 AS-924 .118 ± .004 1.720 ± .014 AS-932 .118 ± .004 2.337 ± .018

Tube Thread Outside Ø 1/8 5/16-24 UNF-2B 3/16 3/8-24 UNF-2B 1/4 7/16-20 UNF-2B 5/16 1/2-20 UNF-2B 3/8 9/16-18 UNF-2B 1/2 3/4-16 UNF-2B 5/8 7/8-14 UNF-2B 3/4 1 1/16-12 UN-2B 7/8 1 3/16-12 UN-2B 1 1 5/16-12 UN-2B 1 1/4 1 5/8-12 UN-2B 1 1/2 1 7/8-12 UN-2B 2 2 1/2-12 UN-2B

F D U + .002 max. ± .010 - .003 .250 .005 .549 .312 .005 .611 .364 .005 .674 .426 .005 .736 .481 .005 .799 .660 .005 .986 .773 .005 1.111 .945 .008 1.361 1.070 .008 1.475 1.195 .008 1.599 1.507 .008 1.849 1.756 .008 2.095 2.381 .008 2.718

K + .015 - .000 .063 .063 .075 .075 .083 .094 .107 .125 .125 .125 .125 .125 .125


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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 E. Gland Design Dynamic Hydraulic Break corners app. R = .005 (0,15)

Gland Design for Dynamic Application Hydraulic INCHES The following table indicates groove dimensions for reciprocating and oscillating applications when sealing hydraulic fluids and other viscous liquids. Surface Finish X groove top and bottom : X = 16 micro inches (0.4 µm Ra)


Fig. 1-33/34

Fig. 1-27

groove sides: X = 32 micro inches (0.8 µm Ra)

Table AS.D1 Gland Dimensions Dynamic Seals - Industrial Reciprocating Applications, Inches O-ring Gland Depth. Dynamic Clearance Cross section Radial Dynamic Squeeze for Diametral W E Radial Seals Nominal Actual Actual % Standard 1/16 .070 .055/.057 .010/.018 15/25 *.002 min. .093/.098 3/32 .103 .088/.090 .010/.018 10/17 *.002 min. .140/.145 1/8 .139 .121/.123 .012/.022 9/16 *.003 min. .187/.192 3/16 .210 .185/.188 .017/.030 8/14 *.003 min. .281/.286 1/4 .275 .237/.240 .029/.044 11/16 *.004 min. .375/.380

Groove Width ** F One Backup Ring2 .138/.143 .171/.176 .208/.213 .311/.316 .408/.413

Two Backup Rings2 .205/.210 .238/.243 .275/.280 .410/.415 .538/.543

Groove Radius R

Max. Allowable Eccentricity1

.005/.015 .005/.015 .010/.025 .020/.035 .020/.035

.002 .002 .003 .004 .005

1. Total Indicator Reading between groove and adjacent bearing surface. 2. These groove widths are for compounds that free swell less than 15%. Suitable allowances should be made for higher swell compounds. ** Groove width is based on rubber backups. For groove width with pdfe spiral wound backups see table 3.D-2. * For max. allowable cleareance, refer to table 13.A to determine value based upon pressure requirement and compound durometer. * The piston dimension for male glands must be calculated by using the max. gap derived from the extrusion table 13.A and the min. gap listed above. * The bore diameter for female glands must be calculated by using the max. gap derived from the extrusion table 13.A and the min. gap listed above.


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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 E. Gland Design Dynamic Hydraulic Gland Design for Dynamic Application Hydraulic METRIC The following table indicates groove dimensions for reciprocating and oscillating applications when sealing hydraulic fluids and other viscous liquids. Surface Finish X groove top and bottom : X = 16 micro inches (0.4 µm Ra) groove sides: X = 32 micro inches (0.8 µm Ra)

Fig. 1-33/34



Fig. 1-27

146

Table 3.D-1 Gland Dimensions Dynamic Application-Industrial Reciprocating Seals, metric

W E S Diametr. F Groove O-ring cross section Gland Depth Clearance Width ** Diam. Tol. +/- Tol. ISO 3601-1B in mm Tol. -0/+ -0/+13

R Groove Max. Radius Eccentricity

0,90 0,08 0,72 0,02 0,1 1,20 0,2 1,0 - 1,02 0,08 0,80 0,02 0,1 1,35 0,2 1,20 0,08 0,96 0,02 0,1 1,60 0,2 1,25 - 1,27 0,08 1,00 0,02 0,1 1,70 0,2 1,42 0,08 1,13 0,02 0,1 1,90 0,2 1,50 0,08 1,20 0,02 0,1 2,00 0,2 1,60 - 1,63 0,08 1,28 0,03 0,1 2,10 0,2 1,78 - 1,80 0,08 1,42 0,03 0,1 2,40 0,2 1,90 0,08 1,52 0,03 0,1 2,50 0,2 2,0 0,08 1,60 0,04 0,1 2,65 0,2 2,20 0,09 1,89 0,04 0,1 3,00 0,2 2,40 0,09 2,06 0,04 0,1 3,25 0,2 2,46 0,09 2,11 0,04 0,1 3,35 0,2 2,50 0,09 2,15 0,04 0,1 3,40 0,2 2,65 0,09 2,25 0,04 0,1 3,55 0,2 2,70 0,09 2,32 0,04 0,1 3,70 0,2 2,95 0,09 2,53 0,04 0,1 4,00 0,5 3,0 0,09 2,61 0,04 0,15 4,05 0,5 3,15 0,09 2,74 0,05 0,15 4,25 0,5 3,55 0,10 3,07 0,05 0,15 4,75 0,5 3,60 0,10 3,13 0,05 0,15 4,85 0,5 4,0 0,10 3,48 0,05 0,15 5,40 0,5 4,50 0,10 3,99 0,05 0,15 6,00 0,5 4,70 0,13 4,17 0,05 0,15 6,30 0,5 4,80 0,13 4,26 0,05 0,15 6,40 0,5 5,0 0,13 4,44 0,05 0,15 6,70 0,7 5,30 0,13 4,73 0,05 0,15 7,15 0,7 5,50 0,13 4,88 0,05 0,15 7,40 0,7 5,70 0,13 5,06 0,05 0,15 7,60 0,7 5,80 0,13 5,15 0,05 0,15 7,75 0,7 6,0 0,13 5,19 0,05 0,18 8,15 0,7 6,40 0,15 5,54 0,05 0,18 8,70 0,7 6,50 0,15 5,63 0,05 0,18 8,85 0,7 6,90 0,15 5,97 0,05 0,18 9,40 0,7 6,99 0,15 6,05 0,05 0,18 9,50 0,7 7,0 0,15 6,06 0,05 0,18 9,55 0,7 7,50 0,15 6,49 0,05 0,18 10,20 1,0 8,0 0,15 6,92 0,05 0,18 10,90 1,0 8,40 0,15 7,27 0,05 0,18 11,45 1,0 9,0 0,2* 7,92 0,05 0,18 12,10 1,0 10,0 0,2* 8,80 0,05 0,18 13,40 1,0

0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,05 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,07 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13

* Not defined in ISO 3601/1 ** For groove width with back-up rings for O-rings AS 568A, see table 3.D-2. For groove width with back-up rings for metric O-rings, ask for more information.


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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 F. Groove Design for Static and Dynamic Applications when using Back-up Rings

The use of back-up rings is related to O-ring hardness, media pressure, and whether it is a static or dynamic application. In general the guidelines are:

The use of Back-up rings Extrusion occurs when part of the O-ring material is forced through the gap between mating metal parts because of system pressure.

Pressure static application: up to 1000 psi (70 bar, 7 MPa) without back-up ring, up to 6000 psi (400 bar, 40 MPa) with back-up ring, up to 30000 psi (2000 bar, 200 MPa) with special construction. &IG

Extrusion can be prevented in several ways: • Reducing the gap will help prevent extrusion. • A harder O-ring material i.e. NBR 90 Shore, FKM 90 or 95 Shore A, AU, EU, PUR (Polyurethane) can be used to prevent extrusion. (FKM 95° shore is also excellent for explosive decompression applications, see page 96). • An O-ring can be installed with a back-up ring of a harder material to close the gap and the O-ring.

Dynamic application: reciprocating up to 750 psi (50 bar, 5MPa) without back-up ring, higher pressures with back-up ring. Speed reciprocating up to 0.5 m/sec.

Backup ring

ÝÌÀÕÃˆœ˜

Pressure

>

L

Fig. 1-38

Different shapes of Back-up rings:

Spiral

Split (skarf-cut)

b3

b2

Pressure

Solid

Pressure

Pressure


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12. O-ring Gland Design Solution with Back-up Rings In practice extrusion of a 70 Shore A O-ring at 20°C (70°F) with correct gland clearance, does not occur at pressures under 1200 psi (80 bar, 8 MPa) in static applications. To avoid risks of extrusion, it is recommended to use 90 Shore A O-rings at pressures higher than 750 psi (50 bar, 5MPa) if the dimension of the groove is too small for back-up rings or if the vˆ}Ê£‡ÓÓ groove cannot be machined to allow for back-up rings. In general it is recommended in dynamic applications to use back-up rings at pressures over 750 psi (50 bar, 5 MPa).

Back-up rings are generally made of a material that is harder than the O-ring material. Back-up rings can be made from PTFE and PTFE blends, 90-95 hardness elastomers, and some plastics such as polyamides or PEEK for high temperature applications. Back-up rings are installed down stream from the system pressure in the O-ring gland. See figure 22. In double acting applications two back-up rings are installed, one on each side of the O-ring. When back-up rings are used the groove dimensions must be adapted to accommodate the backup rings. Groove widths as indicated on the table should be increased by the thickness of the back-up ring or rings.

«ÀiÃÃÕÀi

L>VŽ‡Õ«ÊÀˆ˜}

L>VŽ‡Õ«ÊÀˆ˜}

«ÀiÃÃÕÀi

«ÀiÃÃÕÀi

&IG

L>VŽ‡Õ«ÊÀˆ˜}Ã

L>VŽ‡Õ«ÊÀˆ˜}Ã Fig. 1-22

4

/ 2ING 0RESSURE

-

& "ACK UPRING

"ACK UPRING

Fig. 1-35


www.eriks.info


fig 1-23


Back-up Ring Styles Spiral and split (or skarf-cut) PTFE back-up rings are a common choice due to the ease of installation of these designs. Note that the width of the back-up ring is equal to the groove depth plus the clearance gap. See figure 1-23. The solid PTFE back-up ring is recommended for applications with higher system pressures; however, this design can only be installed in two piece applications. Contoured nitrile back-up rings are recommended at higher system pressures where the ability to stretch the back-up in installation is required. See figure 1-24. Standard dimensions for US Standard AS568 O-rings with backups are listed in table 3.D.-2. PTFE back-up rings are available in custom dimensions. Please an ERIKS representative for assistance in groove design.

Fig. 1-23

Spiral spiral

solid Solid

Split solid with cut (skarf-cut)

0,5 R

Fig. 1-24

&IG

For US standard O-rings in accordance with AS568, standard spiral PTFE back-ups are available. See table 3.D-2 for groove dimensions for O-rings with standard back-ups. See figure 1-35. 45° Note: We also stock the Parbak® back-up rings in different compounds of 90 Shore A, mainly in AS-dimensions.

4

/ 2ING

contoured back-up ring 0RESSURE

-

Fig. 1-35

& "ACK UPRING

"ACK UPRING

Table 3.D-2 Groove Dimensions for O-rings with Standard Spiral Wound Back-up rings. O-ring Cross Section W inch mm .070 1,78 .103 2,62 .139 3,53 .210 5,33 .275 6,99

Back-up ring Thickness T inch mm

Groove Depth (incl. clearance) M inch mm

Groove Width with 1 back-up ring F inch mm

Groove Width with 2 back-up rings F inch mm

+0/-.001

+0/-0,25

+0/-.002

+0/-0,25

+0.004/-0

+0,1/-0

+0.004/-0

+0,1/-0

.059 .059 .059 .071 .102

1,5 1,5 1,5 1,8 2,6

.057 .090 .123 .188 .238

1,45 2,25 3,10 4,70 6,05

.138 .197 .244 .350 .476

3,8 5,0 6,2 8,9 12,1

.209 .256 .303 .421 .579

5,3 6,5 7,7 10,7 14,7


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12. O-ring Gland Design PTFE BACK-UP RINGS Standard Sizes for O-rings according AS 568 The dimension ‘E’ of the back-up ring is dependent upon the depth of the groove for dynamic O-ring applications. The standard groove width needs to be increased with one or two times the width of the back-up ring depending if one or two back-up rings need to be installed. (See fig 1-39,1-40)

Fig. 1-39

It is only needed to install a back-up ring at the side where the extrusion of the O-ring or Quad-Ring®/X-Ring exists. Only in the case of changing pressure directions are back-up rings needed on both sides of the seal. Standard back-up rings are available for O-rings according the table 3.D-2A. Please ask an ERIKS back-up ring specialist for special sizes.

Fig. 1-40


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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 G. Gland design For Teflon® Encapsulated O-rings, Teflex O-rings The Teflex O-ring consists of a solid or hollow elastomeric core encapsulated in a Teflon® FEP or PFA sheath. The elastomeric core may be fluorocarbon or silicon rubber. Solid core Teflex O-rings are generally used in static applications. Hollow Silicone core Teflex O-rings are commonly used in applications where lower sealing force is required as in semi-dynamic applications. The Teflex O-ring offers an effective solution for many difficult applications. The Teflon® FEP or PFA encapsulation actually effects the seal. The elastomeric core insures consistent compression on the seal. The result is an overall sealing compression, increasing with medium pressure. The encapsulated O-ring behaves like a highly viscous fluid, any pressure exerted on the seal is transmitted undiminished in all directions FEP and PFA are suitable for injection molding. Maximum operating temperature for FEP is 205°C (400°F) and for PFA 260°C (500°F). Chemical and electrical properties are similar to PTFE. PFA offers additional abrasion resistance. (See fig.43). Why are Teflex O-rings needed? There are certain applications which prohibit the use of conventional rubber O-ring seals. The use of hostile chemicals or extreme temperatures (both high and low) during various processes can make effective sealing very difficult. Many seal manufacturers have produced different "high performance" materials for these applications. ERIKS contributed to this area by introducing Teflex. The Teflex O-ring is available in several standard size ranges: • AS 568, BS 1806 • JIS B2401 • Swedish Standard. • Metric Dimensions. Teflex O-rings are available in other dimensions and alternative cross sections, oval, square, rectangular. an ERIKS representative for additional information. For full information: ask for the special brochure on Teflex O-rings.

Ø d1

Ø d2

TEFLON® FEP

Viton® or Silicone Solid core

Silicone hollow core

Teflex O-rings offer: • Excellent chemical resistance due to the FEP/PFA encapsulation. • Temperature range from -60°C to 205°C (-75°F to 400°F) with silicone core and -15°C to 205°C (5°F to 440°F) with fluorocarbon core. Special applications are possible up to 260°C (500°F). • Overall hardness 85 Shore A ±5 durometer. • Sterilizable. • Pressures from vacuum to 10000 psi (700 bar, 70 MPa). • Low compression set characteristics. • Anti-adhesive properties, non stick surface, low coefficient of friction. • FDA compliant • Quick supply • No restriction on inside diameter Teflex O-rings are available in the following dimensions. Upon request Teflex O-rings can also be supplied in a special design or dimensions. Size range

Cord (mm) 1,60 1,78 2,00 2,50 2,62 3,00 3,40 3,53 4,00 4,25 4,50 5,00 5,33 5,50 5,70 6,00 6,35 6,99 8,00 8,40 9,00 9,52 10,00 11,10 12,00 12,70

smallest inside Ø possible (in mm) Viton® Silicone Silicone/Viton® Core Core Hollow Core 10,00 5,00 not possible 10,00 5,28 8,0 10,00 6,80 10,00 12,00 7,40 12,00 12,00 7,60 16,00 15,00 12,00 20,00 15,00 12,50 23,00 15,00 13,00 24,00 16,00 14,00 28,00 17,00 14,50 32,00 18,00 15,00 35,00 22,00 20,00 42,00 25,00 22,00 48,00 27,00 23,00 50,00 27,00 24,00 60,00 30,00 27,00 75,00 40,00 40,00 90,00 50,00 50,00 100,00 75,00 75,00 150,00 80,00 80,00 160,00 100,00 100,00 175,00 120,00 105,00 200,00 140,00 110,00 230,00 150,00 115,00 250,00 180,00 120,00 300,00 190,00 130,00 350,00

There is no upper limit to inside diameters. Please refer to the design and installation section for housing details. It is not recommend to stretch O-Rings smaller than 12 mm inside diameter. This often results in breakage of the core which is not vulcanised on small sizes.


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151


12. O-ring Gland Design 12 G. Gland design For Teflon® Encapsulated O-rings, Teflex O-rings Table 1 - Piston/Rod Sealing Application

Ø 1.60 1.78 2.00 2.50 2.62 3.00 3.53 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.34 5.50 5.70 6.00 6.35 6.99 8.00 8.40 9.00 9.52 10.00 11.10 12.00 12.70

‘t’ 1.20 1.30 1.50 1.90 2.00 2.30 2.75 3.15 3.60 4.00 4.30 4.50 4.65 4.95 5.25 5.85 6.75 7.20 7.70 8.20 8.65 9.65 10.60 11.45

Table 1

‘b’ 1.90 2.30 2.60 3.20 3.40 3.90 4.50 5.20 5.80 6.50 6.90 7.10 7.40 7.80 8.20 9.10 10.40 10.50 11.70 12.30 13.00 14.30 15.60 16.80

H8 f7 h9

‘b’ ± 0.20

‘t’

Table 1

H9 H8 f7

Table 2 - Axial Face Sealing Application

152

Ø 1.60 1.78 2.00 2.50 2.62 3.00 3.53 4.00 4.50 5.00 5.34 5.50 5.70 6.00 6.35 6.99 8.00 8.40 9.00 9.52 10.00 11.10 12.00

‘t’ 1.20 ± 0.05 1.30 ± 0.05 1.50 ± 0.05 1.90 ± 0.05 2.00 ± 0.05 2.30 ± 0.05 2.75 ± 0.05 3.15 ± 0.05 3.60 ± 0.05 4.00 ± 0.05 4.30 ± 0.05 4.50 ± 0.05 4.65 ± 0.05 4.95 ± 0.05 5.25 ± 0.05 5.85 ± 0.05 6.75 ± 0.10 7.15 ± 0.10 7.70 ± 0.10 8.20 ± 0.10 8.65 ± 0.10 9.70 ± 0.10 10.60 ± 0.10

‘b’ 2.10 2.30 2.60 3.20 3.40 3.90 4.50 5.20 5.80 6.50 6.90 7.10 7.40 7.80 8.20 9.10 10.40 10.90 11.70 12.30 13.00 14.30 15.60

12.70

11.40 ± 0.10

16.70

‘b’ ± 0.20

‘t’

Table 2

‘b’ ± 0.20

‘t’


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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 G. Gland design For Teflon® Encapsulated O-rings, Teflex O-rings Installation of Teflex O-rings It is critical that the Teflex O-ring is not damaged during installation. It is not recommended to stretch Teflex O-rings. Break all sharp corners and lubricate the groove before installation. Take care not to bend the O-ring too sharply as buckling of the PTFE/FEP covering may result. The Teflex O-ring may be heated to make it slightly more flexible to facilitate installation. Teflex O-rings are subject to compression set. Smaller diameter cross section O-rings will demonstrate higher compression set than larger diameter cross sections. For this reason the use of the biggest possible cross section is recommended. ERIKS recommends the use of Teflex O-rings in static applications. For use in dynamic applications tests should be conducted for suitability.

Design The following diagrams show the suggested adaptations of BS, ISO, and DIN standard housing designs. The surface finish to all parts should be 20 micro- inch or better. The following diagram gives tolerances for axial face sealing:

Seal Surface Surface

Pressure Ra 0,4 – 0,8 Rt 3- 6,3 Ra 1,6 Rt 11- 16


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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 H. Gland Design for solid PTFE O-rings PTFE has very poor elasticity. For this reason it is recommended that PTFE O-rings are only used in static applications with an axial load. PTFE O-rings require much higher compression than elastomers to cause a seal. Rigidity of the material makes PTFE O-rings relatively difficult to install. Heating them to approximately 100°C (215°F) will make them slightly more flexible and facilitate easier installation. Perfluorinated elastomers have similar chemical resistance and thermal properties while offering the advantages of an elastomeric seal. In extreme or critical applications consideration of the use of a perfluorinated elastomer is recommended. (See fig. 1-45, 1-46, 1-47).

Fig. 1-45

Fig. 1-46

E= 10% to 20% of cross section (.070 to .210 inch) (1,78 to 5,33 mm). E= 10% to 15% of cross section (.210 to .275 inch) (5,33 to 7 mm)

Fig. 1-47

Surface Finish groove top and bottom : for liquids X = 32 micro inches (0,8 µm Ra). for vacuum and gases X = 16 micro inches (0,4 µm Ra).


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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 I. O-ring Compression in Different Applications

1. Hydraulic Dynamic Applications 30

27 24

25

22

Compression in%

20 20 19

Max. compression

9

Min. compression

15 135 12

10

11

11

5

0 1,78 .070

2,62 .103

3,53 .139

5,33 .210

6,99 .275

cross section in mm / inches

2. Pneumatic Dynamic Applications 30

25

24

22

Compression in%

20 20

17 18

Max. compression

15

10

10 6

8 7

5

0

1,78 .070

2,62 .103

7

3,53 .139

5,33 .210

Min. compression

6,99 .275



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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 I. O-ring Compression in Different Applications

3. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Static Applications 35 35 30

30

30 25

Compression in%

28

Max. compression

25

15 14

10

10

Min. compression

13 13 12

5

0 1,78 .070

2,62 .103

3,53 .139

5,33 .210

6,99 .275


4. Hydraulic and Pneumatic Axial (face seal) Applications 40 36 30

Compression in%

30

26 23

21

20

20

Max. compression

19 17

15

10

13

Min. compression

0 1,78 .070

2,62 .103

3,53 .139

5,33 .210

6,99 .275



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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 J. Gland design for Kalrez® O-rings Kalrez® parts are manufactured from exceptionally stable materials which are serviceable in most chemical environments up to 327°C (620°F) (depending on the specific compound). The purpose of this design guide is to provide engineers with guidance in the selection of O-rings and the design of grooves for specific applications. In non-aggressive media, at modest pressures and temperatures, there is usually little problem in developing a groove design or selecting an O-ring. In the case where the operating environment is more aggressive and the application is more specialized design problems may occur. The information provided is intended to facilitate the groove/seal design process, especially with Kalrez® perfluoroelastomer parts. General considerations in seal selection or groove design From a knowledge of the temperature and chemical media, a suitable sealing compound can be selected. To design a groove, or select the best O-ring size for a given groove, however, the application environment must be considered in more detail.

• What is the application temperature range? • Is the temperature cyclic? • What is the pressure differential and direction? • If it is a vacuum application, where is the vacuum applied? • Is the pressure or vacuum cyclic? • What is the compression/decompression rate if the presssure is high (In excess of 80 bar)? • Is it a radial seal (piston rod/housing type)? • Is it a face seal (flange type)? • Is it a standard groove section or is it non-standard: crush-type, dovetail-section? • Is it a gasket application? • What is the chemical media to be sealed? • If it is a replacement for a failure, what was the old seal? • What is the consequence of failure? • Is the application static or dynamic? • If it is dynamic, define the motion. • What are the groove dimensions and tolerances if it is in existence?


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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 J. Gland design for Kalrez® O-rings The ratio of the O-ring CSD to the groove depth will dictate the initial compression. There are some general rules for initial compression when using Kalrez® O-rings as given in these tables. The condition in Table 1 represents the ‘Normal Case’ where the operating temperatures are not particularly aggressive and therefore the thermal expansion will not be excessive. The scenario in Table 2 is the ‘High Temperature’ region. The application is now at a temperature in excess of that at which thermal expansion becomes significant. The volumetric thermal expansion for Kalrez® is 0% at 21°C and up to 20.42% at 316°C. Note that the effective squeeze will increase at high temperature as a result of this expansion.

In the scenario in Table 3 the O-ring dimensions actually reduce as the surrounding environment is changed from the assembly conditions to the operating conditions.The reduction in O-ring size is a result of low temperature shrinkage (may be regarded as a reversal of expansion), or the direct effect of vacuum. In either ease, the initial squeeze may decrease significantly and it is necessary to compensate for this in the design stage. In general, initial compression in excess of 25% is undesirable since it will cause over-compression at higher temperatures. In dynamic applications, high initial compression may cause problems associated with excessive friction. Temperature cycling applications may require different squeezes.

Table 1 Initial Squeeze for Applications Running at 25° to 200°C

Cross section in mm 1,78 2,62 3,53 5,33 6,99

Initial Squeeze at 20°C (%) Static Dynamic 18 12 17,5 11,5 17 11 16,5 10,5 16 10

Table 2 Initial Squeeze for Applications Running at > 200°C


Initial Squeeze at 20°C (%) Static Dynamic 16 12 15,5 11,5 15 11 14,5 10,5 14 10

Table 3 Initial Squeeze for Applications Running at Low Temperature & Vacuum


Initial Squeeze at 20°C (%) Static Dynamic 27 20 25 18 23 16 21 14 19 12


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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 J. Gland design for Kalrez® O-rings Compensating for thermal expansion effects As stated before, one effect of thermal expansion is to cause the initial squeeze to increase. Another problem which may occur is over-filling of the O-ring groove as a result of the change in volume of the seal. In general, the groove should be designed according to the following expression: Volume GROOVE = volume O-RING * (1 + CEXP + T EXP)* 1,2 where: CEXP is the volumetric expansion due to chemical swell, TEXP is the volumetric thermal expansion.

As a margin of safety, the groove should have a volume which is at least 20% larger than the fully expanded O-ring. The thermal expansion data for Kalrez® is given in Table 4.

Table 4 Linear & Volumetric Expansion of Kalrez®

Temperature in °C 21 38 93 149 204 260 316

Expansion (%) Linear Volumetric 0 0 0,41 1,24 1,68 5,04 2,96 8,90 4,23 12,79 5,50 16,56 6,81 20,42

Please the local ERIKS representative for additional information If the effects of thermal expansion are not adequately considered, the O-ring will fill the groove and attempt to burst out of it, resulting in extrusion and catastrophic mechanical failure. Additional swell may occur due to exposure to chemical media. Chemical swell data for Kalrez® is given in Appendix 1 of this document for many generic chemical classes. For data on specific chemicals and chemical mixtures it is usually necessary to perform swell tests. Much of this data from DuPont Performance Elastomers is available from an ERIKS representative.

Tolerance effects on groove design Usually, when deg grooves, a standard (BS or AS) O-ring groove will be sufficient. However, in cases where swell and expansion are likely to be high it is often necessary to design a special groove. O-rings of small ID and relatively large CSD often cause problems. In these cases, the area bounded by the O-ring ID is small and it does not take much expansion to cause stretch and groove overfill problems. It is necessary to take great care when deg and tolerancing grooves for these classes of O-ring. It is possible to check for this sort of problem at the groove design stage, by comparing the extra O-ring volume due to swell with that available for swell, ensuring that the extremes of groove and seal tolerance are included in the calculation.


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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 J. Gland design for Kalrez® O-rings Extrusion of O-rings in service Extrusion is a common mode of failure and is often the result of inadequate consideration of expansion and swell. These problems are considered in the previous section “Compensating for thermal expansion effects”. It may be, however, that the maximum clearance gap (as defined by tolerances on ing surfaces) in the seal system has not been defined correctly. The required maximum clearance gap in a seal is a function of the compound hardness and the pressure being sealed. Table 5 gives the required maximum clearance as a function of pressure and hardness if back-up rings are not used.

Table 5 Maximum Clearance Gap vs Pressure/Hardness (mm) Maximum Hardness Pressure Shore A in bar 60 70 7 0,7 0,79 15 0,56 0,66 20 0,43 0,56 30 0,36 0,48 35 0,28 0,40 40 0,20 0,36 50 0,15 0,31 55 0,13 0,25 60 0,10 0,23 70 0,08 0,20 140 0,05 200 275 345 410 480 550 620 700

80 0,84 0,73 0,66 0,58 0,51 0,48 0,43 0,38 0,36 0,33 0,15 0,08 0,02 0,01

90 0,86 0,79 0,73 0,68 0,64 0,61 0,56 0,53 0,51 0,48 0,28 0,15 0,10 0,05 0,04 0,025 0,02 0,01 0,00

As illustrated by this data, the softer compounds require closer tolerances than the harder compounds. It must be ed that this data refers to relatively low temperature applications, up to 100°C. For high temperature applications it is necessary to consider the effect of temperature on the compound hardness. One rule of thumb is to assume a drop of hardness of about 10 (Shore A) for every 100°C temperature rise. also that this clearance data is based on total diametral clearance. It may not be feasible to machine to such close tolerances as required in some cases. Elastomers behave essentially as highly viscous incompressible fluids and tend to flow under the application of pressure and temperature. The use of back-up rings is recommended if the pressure/ temperature of the operating environment may cause the seal to flow. If, at a particular pressure, the maximum clearance gap is greater than the value specified in Table 5, a back-up ring should be used. Back-up rings can be made from Teflon® fluoropolymer resin fileld with 25% glass, or another material that is resistant to the enviroment being sealed. If a back-up ring is used, the groove should be modified to provide increased volume to avoid over filling at high temperatures.


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12. O-ring Gland Design 12 J. Gland design for Kalrez® O-rings Compression set Compression set is essentially a measure of a seal’s ability to retain sealing force and, therefore, the capability to function. The degree of compression set will depend on the operating environment and, importantly, the duration of exposure. (It is typical in material datasheets to quote this property after 70 hrs exposure, which is hardly representative of long term performance. In fact, after an initial increase in compression set, Kalrez® tends to retain its elastomer propezrties much longer than conventional elastomers. Compression set causes most problems in applications where thermal cycling is extreme. When continually exposed to very high temperatures, even Kalrez® will take on a cross sectional form which is no longer circular; This may not effect the seal integrity provided it is considered at the initial design stage. Kalrez® has a relatively slow elastic recovery rate. During thermal cycling, while the seal volume reduces due to temperature drop in the cooling phase, the form of the seal, taken during the high temperature phase, may be retained. At this time, the potential loss of sealing force will be at its greatest and the system may be prone to leakage. Such set is usually not permanent. The elastic recovery rate of Kalrez® increases rapidly with increasing temperature and if the seal temperature is raised, the normal circular cross section will return - along with the sealing properties. It is evident, then, that the sequence of loading of a system can greatly influence the integrity of the seal. This is indicated by the following example loading sequence and the consequences on seal integrity:

Start

▼ Increase Pressure Raise Temperature Static conditions (minutes)

▼ Reduce Pressure Lower Temperature Static conditions (minutes)

▼ Increase Pressure (Possible leakage) Raise Temperature Static conditions (minutes) ... etc.

Start

▼ Raise Temperature Increase Pressure Static conditions (minutes)

▼ Reduce Pressure Lower Temperature Static conditions (minutes)

▼ Raise Temperature Increase Pressure (integrity retained) Static conditions (minutes) ... etc.

Simply by reversing the loading sequence seal leakage can be avoided. Compression set is often accelerated by chemical attack - the total environment must be considered. Since the chemicals and chemical mixtures used in industry are so numerous, it is not feasible to either perform all test combinations or to present here all available data.

Installation of O-rings A very important aspect of sealing is the installation of the seal. There are many ways to avoid damage to seal surfaces during assembly. The use of lubricants can minimize surface damage and, by reducing the coefficient of friction between seal and gland, allow easier sliding into position. Since Kalrez® is resistant to almost all chemical media, almost any lubricant may be used. In fact, it is often easier to lubricate the seal with the chemical it is going to be sealing. Fluorinated oils such as Krytox® or powdered graphite can also be used to aid assembly. It is normal to design sealing systems such that the seal will not have to encounter any sharp edges during assembly. However, if this is not practical, it is simple to fabricate an assembly tool, often in the form of a cone, to help get the seal over many sharp edges. The elongation at break for Kalrez® ranges from 120% to 170% depending on the compound being used. when assembling that it is possible to break an O-ring by overstretching it. Since part of the molecular structure of Kalrez® is a material having plastic properties, it is also possible to cause plastic deformation due to overstressing. If you stretch Kalrez® too much, particularly when it is cold, it will first flow as a plastic and then fracture. For small CSD O-rings it is recommended that the stretch on assembly not exceed 20% to avoid these problems. that O-rings can be softened by immersion in hot water prior to assembly. Take note: if the O-ring is rolled into position be sure to not leave a permanent twist on the part. This may result in overstressing and mechanical failure at high temperature.


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13. O-ring Assembling Conditions Installation tips The following instructions must be observed when installing O-rings: Assembly must be done with care so that the O-ring is properly placed in the groove and is not damaged when the gland is closed. • Always check the O-ring elastomer material first. Briefly check the cross section and inside diameter before installing the O-ring. • Cleanliness is important for proper seal action and long O-ring life. Foreign particles in the gland may cause leakage and can damage the O-ring . • Never glue the O-rings in the groove; there is a risk for chemical attack and hardening. An alternative is to use mounting grease. First, however, check the chemical compatibility.

• For problem free assembly of O-rings it is important that metal parts are rounded and free from sharp areas. Never force the O-ring over sharp threads, keyways, slots and other sharp edges. • Do not use sharp tools, use an O-ring assembling aid to avoid damage. • ID stretch as installed in a groove may not be more than 5-6%, because more stretch will reduce and flatten the cross section and thus reduce the squeeze. • ID expansion to reach the groove during assembly should not exceed 50%. For very small diameters, it may be necessary to exceed this limit. If so, one should allow sufficient time for the O-ring to return to its normal size before closing the gland. • Prevent the O-ring from being twisted. Twisting during installation may occur with O-rings having a large ratio of ID to cross section. • Check the roughness of the counter surface. • For removal of O-rings use an O-ring tool kit to prevent the metal surface or O-ring from being damaged.

&IG

For Cylinders: -INIMUMMM -INIMUMMM 2ADIUSMINMM

Easy assembling

The O-ring is damaged by sharp edges

"

!

!

Recommended construction

"

Also this construction can be used (low pressure only)

&IG

For Piston Seals #YLINDER

2ADIUSMM

2OD -INIMUM MM !

"

Chamfered parts can solve assembling problems


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13. O-ring Assembling Conditions Compression Forces The force required to compress an O-ring is related to the material compound, the hardness, the amount of squeeze, the cross section of the O-ring, and the temperature of the application. The anticipated load for a given installation is not fixed, but falls within a range of values.

Lubrication For static and dynamic applications lubricated parts are important for ease of assembly. Silicone grease has to be used for lubricating EPDM. Please bear in mind that silicone grease is not recommended for VMQ.

The tables indicate approximate force requirements at 20°C (70°F) for different percentages of squeeze on 70 and 90 O-rings.

90 40%

70

90

A

70

or

e

90

Sh

20%

rd

ne

ss

70

ha

% compression

30%

90 10%

70

90 5%

70

1

cross section .070 (1,78mm)

2

3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

20

30

40 60 80 100 50 70 90

200

300 400 600 500

compression load Newton per linear cm


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13. O-ring Assembling Conditions

90 40%

70

90

30%

A or e

90

es

s

Sh

20%

rd n

70

ha

% compression

70

90

10%

70

90

5%

70

1

2

3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

20

30

40 60 80 100 50 70 90

cross section .103 (2,62mm)

200

300 400 600 800 1000 500 700 900


90 40%

70

90

30%

A e Sh or

90

rd ne ss

20%

70

ha

% compression

70

90

10%

70

90

5%

70

1

164

cross section .139 (3,53 mm)

2

3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

20

30

40 60 80 100 50 70 90

200

300 400 600 800 1000 500 700 900



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13. O-ring Assembling Conditions

90

40%

70

90

30%

A or e

90

s

Sh

20%

rd n

es

70

ha

% compression

70

90

10%

70

90

5%

70

1

2

3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

20

30

cross section .210 (5,33 mm)

40 60 80 100 50 70 90

200

300 400 600 800 1000 500 700 900


90

40%

70

90

30%

A e or

90

s

Sh

20%

dn

es

70

ha r

% compression

70

90

10%

70

90

5%

70

1

cross section .275 (7 mm)

2

3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10

20

30

40 60 80 100 50 70 90

200

300 400 600 800 1000 500 700 900



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165


13. O-ring Assembling Conditions Deforming Forces for O-rings N per cm

This graph indicates the deforming force to be used for different hardnesses and compounds.

BR

AU /EU

EU

/ AU

N

140 Force on Total o-ring

90

90

160

120

90

0

R8

NB

100

0

R7

NB

80

90

NBR

60

NBR

80

0

NBR 7

40 20 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

cross section in mm

How to Avoid Damage by O-ring Mounting

15° to 20° 15° to 20°

15° to 20°

x>y

How to Avoid Sharp Edges ‘Z’

Use of Sleeve


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13. O-ring Assembling Conditions Maximum stretch at Installation The DIN 3771 Part 5 describes the maximum stretch of the O-ring inner diameter after installation.

Stretch in % of the inside diameter

16 14

dynamic static static and dynamic

12 10 8 6 4 2 0

0

4,5 4,87 13,2 14

38,7

40

97,5 100 200

206 250

258 400 670

Inside diameter in mm

Surface Roughness The surface roughness is an important factor when determining the life of an O-ring. Our experience suggests the following roughnesses: Gases: surface: non surface: Fluids: surface: non surface: Vacuum: surface : non surface:

Ra < 0,4 µm Ra < 1,6 µm

Ra < 0,8 µm Ra < 1,6 µm

Ra < 0,4 µm Ra < 1,6 µm


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13. O-ring Assembling Conditions Stretch or squeeze for O-ring I.D. An O-ring that is too small may be stretched slightly for installation. This stretch results in some reduction of the cross section diameter of the O-ring material. Figure 25 indicates the approximate percentage the cross section decreases at given stretch percentages. This information should be taken into consideration when deg the groove. Likewise, an O-ring that is too large may be compressed to fit the groove. Compression should not exceed 3% of the O-ring diameter. Stretch for a smaller O-ring should not exceed 5%.

12 11 10 % reduction in cross section

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10 11 12 13 14

% diametral stretch on O-ring I.D.

Fig. 1-25


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14. O-ring Size Charts The following tables list approximately 2000 O-ring sizes in order by inside diameter. These O-ring sizes correspond to US Standard AS568, British Standard, Swedish, as well as many common metric sizes according to DIN and ISO standards. Most of these sizes are readily available from ERIKS stock in: • Nitrile NBR 70 and 90 Shore A, • Fluoroelastomer FKM (Viton®) 75 and 90 Shore A, • Perfluoroelastomer FFKM (Kalrez®) 75 Shore A. • Ethylene-propylene EP, EPDM 70° Shore A, • Silicone VMQ 70 Shore A, • PTFE (virgin teflon), • Teflex FEP/Viton® • Teflex FEP/VMQ The list of standards is continually being expanded. Please the nearest ERIKS representative for sizes not indicated here.

Standards in Different Countries Norm AS 568A, BS 1806 DIN 3771 / ISO3601 SMS 1586, BS 4518 Japanese Norm JIS B 2401 Metric

1,78 1,80 1,60 1,60 1,00 10,00

Cross 2,62 2,65 2,40 1,90 1,50 12,00

Section (mm) 3,53 5,33 6,99 3,55 5,30 7,00 3,00 5,70 8,40 2,40 3,00 5,70 8,40 2,00 2,50 3,00 5,00

The different section diameters are due to the standards in different countries.

d1

d2

(W)

Note: The AS O-ring Size Chart has a column that shows the Nominal Size alongside the Actual Size. Originally the nominal size was just for a listing of the approximate fractional dimensions of the O-ring. Prior to the common use of dial calipers many people called out a 1 inch by 1-1/4 rt = O-ring, this was a dash -214 O-ring. They used to also use these fractional dimensions as the gland size. So, the nominal size is in fact based on the gland size and not the O-ring size.


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14. A. Standard O-ring Sizes Standard O-ring Sizes (000 Series 004 to 050 cross section Diameters w = .070 ± .003 inches, w = 1,78 ± 0,08 mm Size Nominal Size Standard O-ring Size Metric O-ring Size Only (Inches) (Inches) (millimeters) AS 568A Actual Per AS 568 A Actual Per AS 568A Uniform Dash No. I.D. O.D. W. I.D. Tol. +/- W I.D. Tol. +/- W -001* 1/32 3/32 1/32 .029 .004 .040 0,74 0,10 1,02 -002* 3/64 9/64 3/64 .042 .004 .050 1,07 0,10 1,27 -003* 1/16 3/16 1/16 .056 .004 .060 1,42 0,10 1,52 -004 5/64 13/64 1/16 .070 .005 .070 1,78 0,13 1,78 -005 3/32 7/32 1/16 .101 .005 .070 2,57 0,13 1,78 -006 1/8 1/4 1/16 .114 .005 .070 2,90 0,13 1,78 -007 5/32 9/32 1/16 .145 .005 .070 3,68 0,13 1,78 -008 3/16 5/16 1/16 .176 .005 .070 4,47 0,13 1,78 -009 7/32 11/32 1/16 .208 .005 .070 5,28 0,13 1,78 -010 1/4 3/8 1/16 .239 .005 .070 6,07 0,13 1,78 -011 5/16 7/16 1/16 .301 .005 .070 7,65 0,13 1,78 -012 3/8 1/2 1/16 .364 .005 .070 9,25 0,13 1,78 -013 7/16 9/16 1/16 .426 .005 .070 10,82 0,13 1,78 -014 1/2 5/8 1/16 .489 .005 .070 12,42 0,13 1,78 -015 9/16 11/16 1/16 .551 .007 .070 14,00 0,18 1,78 -016 5/8 3/4 1/16 .614 .009 .070 15,60 0,23 1,78 -017 11/16 13/16 1/16 .676 .009 .070 17,17 0,23 1,78 -018 3/4 7/8 1/16 .739 .009 .070 18,77 0,23 1,78 -019 13/16 15/16 1/16 .801 .009 .070 20,35 0,23 1,78 -020 7/8 1 1/16 .864 .009 .070 21,95 0,23 1,78 -021 15/16 1- 1/16 1/16 .926 .009 .070 23,52 0,23 1,78 -022 1 1/8 1/16 .989 .010 .070 25,12 0,25 1,78 -023 1- 1/16 1- 3/16 1/16 1.051 .010 .070 26,70 0,25 1,78 -024 1- 1/8 1- 1/4 1/16 1.114 .010 .070 28,30 0,25 1,78 -025 1- 3/16 1- 5/16 1/16 1.176 .011 .070 29,87 0,28 1,78 -026 1- 1/4 1- 3/8 1/16 1.239 .011 .070 31,47 0,28 1,78 -027 1- 5/16 1- 7/16 1/16 1.301 .011 .070 33,05 0,28 1,78 -028 1- 3/8 1- 1/2 1/16 1.364 .013 .070 34,65 0,33 1,78 -029 1- 1/2 1- 5/8 1/16 1.489 .013 .070 37,82 0,33 1,78 -030 1- 5/8 1- 3/4 1/16 1.614 .013 .070 41,00 0,33 1,78 -031 1- 3/4 1- 7/8 1/16 1.739 .015 .070 44,17 0,38 1,78 -032 1- 7/8 2 1/16 1.864 .015 .070 47,35 0,38 1,78 -033 2 2- 1/8 1/16 1.989 .018 .070 50,52 0,46 1,78 -034 2- 1/8 2- 1/4 1/16 2.114 .018 .070 53,70 0,46 1,78 -035 2- 1/4 2- 3/8 1/16 2.239 .018 .070 56,87 0,46 1,78 -036 2- 3/8 2- 1/2 1/16 2.364 .018 .070 60,05 0,46 1,78 -037 2- 1/2 2- 5/8 1/16 2.489 .018 .070 63,22 0,46 1,78 -038 2- 5/8 2- 3/4 1/16 2.614 .020 .070 66,40 0,51 1,78 -039 2- 3/4 2- 7/8 1/16 2.739 .020 .070 69,57 0,51 1,78 -040 2- 7/8 3 1/16 2.864 .020 .070 72,75 0,51 1,78 -041 3 3- 1/8 1/16 2.989 .024 .070 75,92 0,61 1,78 -042 3- 1/4 3- 3/8 1/16 3.239 .024 .070 82,27 0,61 1,78 -043 3- 1/2 3- 5/8 1/16 3.489 .024 .070 88,62 0,61 1,78 -044 3- 3/4 3- 7/8 1/16 3.739 .027 .070 94,97 0,69 1,78 -045 4 4- 1/8 1/16 3.989 .027 .070 101,32 0,69 1,78 -046 4- 1/4 4- 3/8 1/16 4.239 .030 .070 107,67 0,76 1,78 -047 4- 1/2 4- 5/8 1/16 4.489 .030 .070 114,02 0,76 1,78 -048 4- 3/4 4- 7/8 1/16 4.739 .030 .070 120,37 0,76 1,78 -049 5 5- 1/8 1/16 4.989 .037 .070 126,72 0,94 1,78 -050 5- 1/4 5- 3/8 1/16 5.239 .037 .070 133,07 0,94 1,78

170

(*) cross section: 001 w = .040 ± .003 inches. w = 1.02 ± 0;08 mm 002 w = .050 ± .003 inches. w = 1.27 ± 0.08 mm 003 w = .060 ± .003 inches. w = 1.52 ± 0.08 mm


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14. A. Standard O-ring Sizes Standard O-ring Sizes (100 Series 102 to 178 cross section Diameters w = ..103 ± .003 inches, w = 2,62 ± 0,08 mm Size Nominal Size Standard O-ring Size Metric O-ring Size Only (Inches) (Inches) (millimeters) AS 568A Actual Per AS 568 A Actual Per AS 568A Uniform Dash No. I.D. O.D. W. I.D. Tol. +/- W I.D. Tol. +/- W -102 1/16 1/4 3/32 .049 .005 .103 1,24 0,13 2,62 -103 3/32 9/32 3/32 .081 .005 .103 2,06 0,13 2,62 -104 1/8 5/16 3/32 .112 .005 .103 2,84 0,13 2,62 -105 5/32 11/32 3/32 .143 .005 .103 3,63 0,13 2,62 -106 3/16 3/8 3/32 .174 .005 .103 4,42 0,13 2,62 -107 7/32 13/32 3/32 .206 .005 .103 5,23 0,13 2,62 -108 1/4 7/16 3/32 .237 .005 .103 6,02 0,13 2,62 -109 5/16 1/2 3/32 .299 .005 .103 7,59 0,13 2,62 -110 3/8 9/16 3/32 .362 .005 .103 9,19 0,13 2,62 -111 7/16 5/8 3/32 .424 .005 .103 10,77 0,13 2,62 -112 1/2 11/16 3/32 .487 .005 .103 12,37 0,13 2,62 -113 9/16 3/4 3/32 .549 .007 .103 13,94 0,18 2,62 -114 5/8 13/16 3/32 .612 .009 .103 15,54 0,23 2,62 -115 11/16 7/8 3/32 .674 .009 .103 17,12 0,23 2,62 -116 3/4 15/16 3/32 .737 .009 .103 18,72 0,23 2,62 -117 13/16 1 3/32 .799 .010 .103 20,30 0,25 2,62 -118 7/8 1- 1/16 3/32 .862 .010 .103 21,89 0,25 2,62 -119 15/16 1- 1/8 3/32 .924 .010 .103 23,47 0,25 2,62 .120 1 1- 3/16 3/32 .987 .010 .103 25,07 0,25 2,62 -121 1- 1/16 1- 1/4 3/32 1.049 .010 .103 26,64 0,25 2,62 -122 1- 1/8 1- 5/16 3/32 1.112 .010 .103 28,24 0,25 2,62 -123 1- 3/16 1- 3/8 3/32 1.174 .012 .103 29,82 0,30 2,62 -124 1- 1/4 1- 7/16 3/32 1.237 .012 .103 31,42 0,30 2,62 -125 1- 5/16 1- 1/2 3/32 1.299 .012 .103 32,99 0,30 2,62 -126 1- 3/8 1- 9/16 3/32 1.362 .012 .103 34,59 0,30 2,62 -127 1- 7/16 1- 5/8 3/32 1.424 .012 .103 36,17 0,30 2,62 -128 1- 1/2 1- 11/16 3/32 1.487 .012 .103 37,77 0,30 2,62 -129 1- 9/16 1- 3/4 3/32 1.549 .015 .103 39,34 0,38 2,62 -130 1- 5/8 1- 13/16 3/32 1.612 .015 .103 40,94 0,38 2,62 -131 1- 11/16 1- 7/8 3/32 1.674 .015 .103 42,52 0,38 2,62 -132 1- 3/4 1- 15/16 3/32 1.737 .015 .103 44,12 0,38 2,62 -133 1- 13/16 2 3/32 1.799 .015 .103 45,69 0,38 2,62 -134 1- 7/8 2- 1/16 3/32 1.862 .015 .103 47,29 0,38 2,62 -135 1- 15/16 2- 1/8 3/32 1.925 .017 .103 48,90 0,43 2,62 -136 2 2- 3/16 3/32 1.987 .017 .103 50,47 0,43 2,62 -137 2- 1/16 2- 1/4 3/32 2.050 .017 .103 52,07 0,43 2,62 -138 2- 1/8 2- 5/16 3/32 2.112 .017 .103 53,64 0,43 2,62 -139 2- 3/16 2- 3/8 3/32 2.175 .017 .103 55,25 0,43 2,62 -140 2- 1/4 2- 7/16 3/32 2.237 .017 .103 56,82 0,43 2,62 -141 2- 5/16 2- 1/2 3/32 2.300 .020 .103 58,42 0,51 2,62 -142 2- 3/8 2- 9/16 3/32 2.362 .020 .103 59,99 0,51 2,62 -143 2- 7/16 2- 5/8 3/32 2.425 .020 .103 61,60 0,51 2,62 -144 2- 1/2 2- 11/16 3/32 2.487 .020 .103 63,17 0,51 2,62 -145 2- 9/16 2- 3/4 3/32 2.550 .020 .103 64,77 0,51 2,62 All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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171


14. A. Standard O-ring Sizes Standard O-ring Sizes (100 Series 102 to 178 cross section Diameters w = ..103 ± .003 inches, w = 2,62 ± 0,08 mm Size Nominal Size Standard O-ring Size Metric O-ring Size Only (Inches) (Inches) (millimeters) AS 568A Actual Per AS 568 A Actual Per AS 568A Uniform Dash No. I.D. O.D. W. I.D. Tol. +/- W I.D. Tol. +/- W -146 2- 5/8 2- 13/16 3/32 2.612 .020 .103 66,34 0,51 2,62 -147 2- 11/16 2- 7/8 3/32 2.675 .022 .103 67,95 0,56 2,62 -148 2- 3/4 2- 15/16 3/32 2.737 .022 .103 69,52 0,56 2,62 -149 2- 13/16 3 3/32 2.800 .022 .103 71,12 0,56 2,62 -150 2- 7/8 3- 1/16 3/32 2.862 .022 .103 72,69 0,56 2,62 -151 3 3- 3/16 3/32 2.987 .024 .103 75,87 0,61 2,62 -152 3- 1/4 3- 7/16 3/32 3.237 .024 .103 82,22 0,61 2,62 -153 3- 1/2 3- 11/16 3/32 3.487 .024 .103 88,57 0,61 2,62 -154 3- 3/4 3- 15/16 3/32 3.737 .028 .103 94,92 0,71 2,62 -155 4 4- 3/16 3/32 3.987 .028 .103 101,27 0,71 2,62 -156 4- 1/4 4- 7/16 3/32 4.237 .030 .103 107,62 0,76 2,62 -157 4- 1/2 4- 11/16 3/32 4.487 .030 .103 113,97 0,76 2,62 -158 4- 3/4 4- 15/16 3/32 4.737 .030 .103 120,32 0,76 2,62 -159 5 5- 3/16 3/32 4.987 .035 .103 126,67 0,89 2,62 -160 5- 1/4 5- 7/16 3/32 5.237 .035 .103 133,02 0,89 2,62 -161 5- 1/2 5- 11/16 3/32 5.487 .035 .103 139,37 0,89 2,62 -162 5- 3/4 5- 15/16 3/32 5.737 .035 .103 145,72 0,89 2,62 -163 6 6- 3/16 3/32 5.987 .035 .103 152,07 0,89 2,62 -164 6- 1/4 6- 7/16 3/32 6.237 .040 .103 158,42 1,02 2,62 -165 6- 1/2 6- 11/16 3/32 6.487 .040 .103 164,77 1,02 2,62 -166 6- 3/4 6- 15/16 3/32 6.737 .040 .103 171,12 1,02 2,62 -167 7 7- 3/16 3/32 6.987 .040 .103 177,47 1,02 2,62 -168 7- 1/4 7- 7/16 3/32 7.237 .045 .103 183,82 1,14 2,62 -169 7- 1/2 7- 11/16 3/32 7.487 .045 .103 190,17 1,14 2,62 -170 7- 3/4 7- 15/16 3/32 7.737 .045 .103 196,52 1,14 2,62 -171 8 8- 3/16 3/32 7.987 .045 .103 202,87 1,14 2,62 -172 8- 1/4 8- 7/16 3/32 8.237 .050 .103 209,22 1,27 2,62 -173 8- 1/2 8- 11/16 3/32 8.487 .050 .103 215,57 1,27 2,62 -174 8- 3/4 8- 15/16 3/32 8.737 .050 .103 221,92 1,27 2,62 -175 9 9- 3/16 3/32 8.987 .050 .103 228,27 1,27 2,62 -176 9- 1/4 9- 7/16 3/32 9.237 .055 .103 234,62 1,40 2,62 -177 9- 1/2 9- 11/16 3/32 9.487 .055 .103 240,97 1,40 2,62 -178 9- 3/4 9- 15/16 3/32 9.737 .055 .103 247,32 1,40 2,62


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14. A. Standard O-ring Sizes Standard O-ring Sizes (200 Series 201 to 285 cross section Diameters w = 139 ± .004 inches, w = 3,53 ± 0,10 mm Size Nominal Size Standard O-ring Size Metric O-ring Size Only (Inches) (Inches) (millimeters) AS 568A Actual Per AS 568 A Actual Per AS 568A Uniform Dash No. I.D. O.D. W. I.D. Tol. +/- W I.D. Tol. +/- W -201 3/16 7/16 1/8 .171 .055 .139 4,34 0,13 3,53 -202 1/4 1/2 1/8 .234 .005 .139 5,94 0,13 3,53 -203 5/16 9/16 1/8 .296 .005 .139 7,52 0,13 3,53 -204 3/8 5/8 1/8 .359 .005 .139 9,12 0,13 3,53 -205 7/16 11/16 1/8 .421 .005 .139 10,69 0,13 3,53 -206 1/2 3/4 1/8 .484 .005 .139 12,29 0,13 3,53 -207 9/16 13/16 1/8 .546 .007 .139 13,87 0,18 3,53 -208 5/8 7/8 1/8 .609 .009 .139 15,47 0,23 3,53 -209 11/16 15/16 1/8 .671 .010 .139 17,04 0,23 3,53 -210 3/4 1 1/8 .734 .010 .139 18,64 0,25 3,53 -211 13/16 1- 1/16 1/8 .796 .010 .139 20,22 0,25 3,53 -212 7/8 1- 1/8 1/8 .859 .010 .139 21,82 0,25 3,53 -213 15/16 1- 3/16 1/8 .921 .010 .139 23,39 0,25 3,53 -214 1 1- 1/4 1/8 .984 .010 .139 24,99 0,25 3,53 -215 1- 1/16 1- 5/16 1/8 1.046 .010 .139 26,57 0,25 3,53 -216 1- 1/8 1- 3/8 1/8 1.109 .012 .139 28,17 0,30 3,53 -217 1- 3/16 1- 7/16 1/8 1.171 .012 .139 29,74 0,30 3,53 -218 1- 1/4 1- 1/2 1/8 1.234 .012 .139 31,34 0,30 3,53 -219 1- 5/16 1- 9/16 1/8 1.296 .012 .139 32,92 0,30 3,53 -220 1- 3/8 1- 5/8 1/8 1.359 .012 .139 34,52 0,30 3,53 -221 1- 7/16 1- 11/16 1/8 1.421 .012 .139 36,09 0,30 3,53 -222 1- 1/2 1- 3/4 1/8 1.484 .015 .139 37,69 0,38 3,53 -223 1- 5/8 1- 7/8 1/8 1.609 .015 .139 40,87 0,38 3,53 -224 1- 3/4 2 1/8 1.734 .015 .139 44,04 0,38 3,53 -225 1- 7/8 2- 1/8 1/8 1.859 .015 .139 47,22 0,46 3,53 -226 2 2- 1/4 1/8 1.984 .018 .139 50,39 0,46 3,53 -227 2- 1/16 2- 3/8 1/8 2.109 .018 .139 53,57 0,46 3,53 -228 2- 1/4 2- 1/2 1/8 2.234 .020 .139 56,74 0,51 3,53 -229 2- 3/8 2- 5/8 1/8 2.359 .020 .139 59,92 0,51 3,53 -230 2- 1/2 2- 3/4 1/8 2.484 .020 .139 63,09 0,51 3,53 -231 2- 5/8 2- 7/8 1/8 2.609 .020 .139 66,27 0,51 3,53 -232 2- 3/4 3 1/8 2.734 .024 .139 69,44 0,61 3,53 -233 2- 7/8 3- 1/8 1/8 2.859 .024 .139 72,62 0,61 3,53 -234 3 3- 1/4 1/8 2.984 .024 .139 75,79 0,61 3,53 -235 3- 1/8 3- 3/8 1/8 3.109 .024 .139 78,97 0,61 3,53 -236 3- 1/4 3- 1/2 1/8 3.234 .024 .139 82,14 0,61 3,53 -237 3- 3/8 3- 5/8 1/8 3.359 .024 .139 85,32 0,61 3,53 -238 3- 1/2 3- 3/4 1/8 3.484 .024 .139 88,49 0,61 3,53 -239 3- 5/8 3- 7/8 1/8 3.609 .024 .139 91,67 0,71 3,53 -240 3- 3/4 4 1/8 3.734 .028 .139 94,84 0,71 3,53 -241 3- 7/8 4- 1/8 1/8 3.859 .028 .139 98,02 0,71 3,53 -242 4 4- 1/4 1/8 3.984 .028 .139 101,19 0,71 3,53


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14. A. Standard O-ring Sizes Standard O-ring Sizes (200 Series 201 to 285 cross section Diameters w = 139 ± .004 inches, w = 3,53 ± 0,10 mm Size Nominal Size Standard O-ring Size Metric O-ring Size Only (Inches) (Inches) (millimeters) AS 568A Actual Per AS 568 A Actual Per AS 568A Uniform Dash No. I.D. O.D. W. I.D. Tol. +/- W I.D. Tol. +/- W -243 4- 1/8 4- 3/8 1/8 4.109 .028 .139 104,37 0,71 3,53 -244 4- 1/4 4- 1/2 1/8 4.234 .030 .139 107,54 0,76 3,53 -245 4- 3/8 4- 5/8 1/8 4.359 .030 .139 110,72 0,76 3,53 -246 4- 1/2 4- 3/4 1/8 4.484 .030 .139 113,89 0,76 3,53 -247 4- 5/8 4- 7/8 1/8 4.609 .030 .139 117,07 0,76 3,53 -248 4- 3/4 5 1/8 4.734 .030 .139 120,24 0,76 3,53 -249 4- 7/8 5- 1/8 1/8 4.859 .035 .139 123,42 0,89 3,53 -250 5 5- 1/4 1/8 4.984 .035 .139 126,59 0,89 3,53 -251 5- 1/8 5- 3/8 1/8 5.109 .035 .139 129,77 0,89 3,53 -252 5- 1/4 5- 1/2 1/8 5.234 .035 .139 132,94 0,89 3,53 -253 5- 3/8 5- 5/8 1/8 5.359 .035 .139 136,12 0,89 3,53 -254 5- 1/2 5- 3/4 1/8 5.484 .035 .139 139,29 0,89 3,53 -255 5- 5/8 5- 7/8 1/8 5.609 .035 .139 142,47 0,89 3,53 -256 5- 3/4 6 1/8 5.734 .035 .139 145,64 0,89 3,53 -257 5- 7/8 6- 1/8 1/8 5.859 .035 .139 148,82 0,89 3,53 -258 6 6- 1/4 1/8 5.984 .035 .139 151,99 0,89 3,53 -259 6- 1/4 6- 1/2 1/8 6.234 .040 .139 158,34 1,02 3,53 -260 6- 1/2 6- 3/4 1/8 6.484 .040 .139 164,69 1,02 3,53 -261 6- 3/4 7 1/8 6.734 .040 .139 171,04 1,02 3,53 -262 7 7- 1/4 1/8 6.984 .040 .139 177,39 1,02 3,53 -263 7- 1/4 7- 1/2 1/8 7.234 .045 .139 183,74 1,14 3,53 -264 7- 1/2 7- 3/4 1/8 7.484 .045 .139 190.09 1,14 3,53 -265 7- 3/4 8 1/8 7.734 .045 .139 196,44 1,14 3,53 -266 8 8- 1/4 1/8 7.984 .045 .139 202,79 1,14 3,53 -267 8- 1/4 8- 1/2 1/8 8.234 .050 .139 209,14 1,27 3,53 -268 8- 1/2 8- 3/4 1/8 8.484 .050 .139 215,49 1,27 3,53 -269 8- 3/4 9 1/8 8.734 .050 .139 221,84 1,27 3,53 -270 9 9- 1/4 1/8 8.984 .050 .139 228,19 1,27 3,53 -271 9- 1/4 9- 1/2 1/8 9.234 .055 .139 234,54 1,40 3,53 -272 9- 1/2 9- 3/4 1/8 9.484 .055 .139 240,89 1,40 3,53 -273 9- 3/4 10 1/8 9.734 .055 .139 247,24 1,40 3,53 -274 10 10- 1/4 1/8 9.984 .055 .139 253,59 1,40 3,53 -275 10- 1/2 10- 3/4 1/8 10.484 .055 .139 266,29 1,40 3,53 -276 11 11- 1/4 1/8 10.984 .065 .139 278,99 1,65 3,53 -277 11- 1/2 11- 3/4 1/8 11.484 .065 .139 291,69 1,65 3,53 -278 12 12- 1/4 1/8 11.984 .065 .139 304,39 1,65 3,53 -279 13 13- 1/4 1/8 12.984 .065 .139 329,79 1,65 3,53 -280 14 14- 1/4 1/8 13.984 .065 .139 355,19 1,65 3,53 -281 15 15- 1/4 1/8 14.984 .065 .139 380,59 1,65 3,53 -282 16 16- 1/4 1/8 15.955 .075 .139 405,26 1,91 3,53 -283 17 17- 1/4 1/8 16.955 .080 .139 430,66 2,03 3,53 -284 18 18- 1/4 1/8 17.955 .085 .139 456,06 2,16 3,53


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14. A. Standard O-ring Sizes Standard O-ring Sizes (300 Series 309 to 395 cross section Diameters w = .210 ± .005 inches, w = 5,33 ± 0,13 mm

Size Nominal Size Standard O-ring Size Metric O-ring Size Only (Inches) (Inches) (millimeters) AS 568A Actual Per AS 568 A Actual Per AS 568A Uniform Dash No. I.D. O.D. W. I.D. Tol. +/- W I.D. Tol. +/- W -309 7/16 13/16 3/16 .412 .005 .210 10,46 0,13 5,33 -310 1/2 7/8 3/16 .475 .005 .210 12,07 0,13 5,33 -311 9/16 15/16 3/16 .537 .007 .210 13,64 0,18 5,33 -312 5/8 1 3/16 .600 .009 .210 15,24 0,23 5,33 -313 11/16 1- 1/16 3/16 .662 .009 .210 16,81 0,23 5,33 -314 3/4 1- 1/8 3/16 .725 .010 .210 18,42 0,25 5,33 -315 13/16 1- 3/16 3/16 .787 .010 .210 19,99 0,25 5,33 -316 7/8 1- 1/4 3/16 .850 .010 .210 21,59 0,25 5,33 -317 15/16 1- 5/16 3/16 .912 .010 .210 23,16 0,25 5,33 -318 1 1- 3/8 3/16 .975 .010 .210 24,77 0,25 5,33 -319 1- 1/16 1- 7/16 3/16 1.037 .010 .210 26,34 0,25 5,33 -320 1- 1/8 1- 1/2 3/16 1.100 .012 .210 27,94 0,30 5,33 -321 1- 3/16 1- 9/16 3/16 1.162 .012 .210 29,51 0,30 5,33 -322 1- 1/4 1- 5/8 3/16 1.225 .012 .210 31,12 0,30 5,33 -323 1- 5/16 1- 11/16 3/16 1.287 .012 .210 32,69 0,30 5,33 -324 1- 3/8 1- 3/4 3/16 1.350 .012 .210 34,29 0,30 5,33 -325 1- 1/2 1- 7/8 3/16 1.475 .015 .210 37,47 0,38 5,33 -326 1- 5/8 2 3/16 1.600 .015 .210 40,64 0,38 5,33 -327 1- 3/4 2- 1/8 3/16 1.725 .015 .210 43,82 0,38 5,33 -328 1- 7/8 2- 1/4 3/16 1.850 .015 .210 46,99 0,38 5,33 -329 2 2- 3/8 3/16 1.975 .018 .210 50,17 0,46 5,33 -330 2- 1/8 2- 1/2 3/16 2.100 .018 .210 53,34 0,46 5,33 -331 2- 1/4 2- 5/8 3/16 2.225 .018 .210 56,52 0,46 5,33 -332 2- 3/8 2- 3/4 3/16 2.350 .018 .210 59,69 0,46 5,33 -333 2- 1/2 2- 7/8 3/16 2.475 .020 .210 62,87 0,51 5,33 -334 2- 5/8 3 3/16 2.600 .020 .210 66.04 0.51 5,33 -335 2- 3/4 3- 1/8 3/16 2.725 .020 .210 69,22 0,51 5,33 -336 2- 7/8 3- 1/4 3/16 2.850 .020 .210 72,39 0,51 5,33 -337 3 3- 3/8 3/16 2.975 .024 .210 75,37 0,61 5,33 -338 3- 1/8 3- 1/2 3/16 3.100 .024 .210 78,74 0,61 5,33 -339 3- 1/4 3- 5/8 3/16 3.225 .024 .210 81,92 0,61 5,33 -340 3- 3/8 3- 3/4 3/16 3.350 .024 .210 85,09 0,61 5,33 -341 3- 1/2 3- 7/8 3/16 3.475 .024 .210 88,27 0,61 5,33 -342 3- 5/8 4 3/16 3.600 .028 .210 91,44 0,71 5,33 -343 3- 3/4 4- 1/8 3/16 3.725 .028 .210 94,62 0,71 5,33 -344 3- 7/8 4- 1/4 3/16 3.850 .028 .210 97,79 0,71 5,33 -345 4 4- 3/8 3/16 3.975 .028 .210 100,97 0,71 5,33 -346 4- 1/8 4- 1/2 3/16 4.100 .028 .210 104,14 0,71 5,33 -347 4- 1/4 4- 5/8 3/16 4.225 .030 .210 107,32 0,76 5,33 -348 4- 3/8 4- 3/4 3/16 4.350 .030 .210 110,49 0,76 5,33 -349 4- 1/2 4- 7/8 3/16 4.475 .030 .210 113,67 0,76 5,33 -350 4- 5/8 5 3/16 4.600 .030 .210 116,84 0,76 5,33 -351 4- 3/4 5- 1/8 3/16 4.725 .030 .210 120,02 0,76 5,33 -352 4- 7/8 5- 1/4 3/16 4.850 .030 .210 123,19 0,76 5,33 All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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14. A. Standard O-ring Sizes Standard O-ring Sizes (300 Series 309 to 395 cross section Diameters w = .210 ± .005 inches, w = 5,33 ± 0,13 mm Size Nominal Size Standard O-ring Size Metric O-ring Size Only (Inches) (Inches) (millimeters) AS 568A Actual Per AS 568 A Actual Per AS 568A Uniform Dash No. I.D. O.D. W. I.D. +/- W I.D. +/- W -353 5 5- 3/8 3/16 4.975 .037 .210 126,37 0,94 5,33 -354 5- 1/8 5- 1/2 3/16 5.100 .037 .210 129,54 0,94 5,33 -355 5- 1/4 5- 3/8 3/16 5.225 .037 .210 132,72 0,94 5,33 -356 5- 3/8 5- 3/4 3/16 5.350 .037 .210 135,89 0,94 5,33 -357 5- 1/2 5- 7/8 3/16 5.475 .037 .210 139,07 0,94 5,33 -358 5- 5/8 6 3/16 5.600 .037 .210 142,24 0,94 5,33 -359 5- 3/4 6- 1/8 3/16 5.725 .037 .210 145,42 0,94 5,33 -360 5- 7/8 6- 1/4 3/16 5.850 .037 .210 148,59 0,94 5,33 -361 6 6- 3/8 3/16 5.975 .037 .210 151,77 0,94 5,33 -362 6- 1/4 6- 5/8 3/16 6.225 .040 .210 158,12 1,02 5,33 -363 6- 1/2 6- 7/8 3/16 6.475 .040 .210 164,47 1,02 5,33 -364 6- 3/4 7- 1/8 3/16 6.725 .040 .210 170,82 1,02 5,33 -365 7 7- 3/8 3/16 6.975 .040 .210 177,17 1,02 5,33 -366 7- 1/4 7- 5/8 3/16 7.225 .045 .210 183,52 1,14 5,33 -367 7- 1/2 7- 7/8 3/16 7.475 .045 .210 189,87 1,14 5,33 -368 7- 3/4 8- 1/8 3/16 7.725 .045 .210 196,22 1,14 5,33 -369 8 8- 3/8 3/16 7.925 .045 .210 202,57 1,14 5,33 -370 8- 1/4 8- 5/8 3/16 8.225 .050 .210 208,92 1,27 5,33 -371 8- 1/2 8- 7/8 3/16 8.475 .050 .210 215,27 1,27 5,33 -372 8- 3/4 9- 1/8 3/16 8.725 .050 .210 221,62 1,27 5,33 -373 9 9- 3/8 3/16 8.975 .050 .210 227,97 1,27 5,33 -374 9- 1/4 9- 5/8 3/16 9.225 .055 .210 234,32 1,40 5,33 -375 9- 1/2 9- 7/8 3/16 9.475 .055 .210 240,67 1,40 5,33 -376 9- 3/4 10- 1/8 3/16 9.725 .055 .210 247,02 1,40 5,33 -377 10 10- 3/8 3/16 9.975 .055 .210 253,37 1,40 5,33 -378 10- 1/2 10- 7/8 3/16 10.475 .060 .210 266,07 1,52 5,33 -379 11 11- 3/8 3/16 10.975 .060 .210 278,77 1,52 5,33 -380 11- 1/2 11- 7/8 3/16 11.475 .065 .210 291,47 1,65 5,33 -381 12 12- 3/8 3/16 11.975 .065 .210 304,17 1,65 5,33 -382 13 13- 3/8 3/16 12.975 .065 .210 329,57 1,65 5,33 -383 14 14- 3/8 3/16 13.975 .070 .210 354,97 1,78 5,33 -384 15 15- 3/8 3/16 14.975 .070 .210 380,37 1,78 5,33 -385 16 16- 3/8 3/16 15.955 .075 .210 405,26 1,91 5,33 -386 17 17- 3/8 3/16 16.955 .080 .210 430,66 2,03 5,33 -387 18 18- 3/8 3/16 17.955 .085 .210 456,06 2,16 5,33 -388 19 19- 3/8 3/16 18.955 .090 .210 481,41 2,29 5,33 -389 20 20- 3/8 3/16 19.955 .095 .210 506,81 2,41 5,33 -390 21 21- 3/8 3/16 20.955 .095 .210 532,21 2,41 5,33 -391 22 22- 3/8 3/16 21.955 .100 .210 557,61 2,54 5,33 -392 23 23- 3/8 3/16 22.940 .105 .210 582,68 2,67 5,33 -393 24 24- 3/8 3/16 23.940 .110 .210 608,08 2,79 5,33 -394 25 25- 3/8 3/16 24.940 .115 .210 633,48 2,92 5,33 -395 26 26- 3/8 3/16 25.940 .120 .210 658,88 3,05 5,33


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14. A. Standard O-ring Sizes Standard O-ring Sizes (400 Series 425 to 475 cross section Diameters w = .275 ± .006 inches, w = 6,99 ± 0,15 mm

Size Nominal Size Standard O-ring Size Metric O-ring Size Only (Inches) (Inches) (millimeters) AS 568A Actual Per AS 568 A Actual Per AS 568A Uniform Dash No. I.D. O.D. W. I.D. Tol. +/- W I.D. Tol. +/- W -425 4- 1/2 5 1/4 4.475 .033 .275 113,67 0,84 6,99 -426 4- 5/8 5- 1/8 1/4 4.600 .033 .275 116,84 0,84 6,99 -427 4- 3/4 5- 1/4 1/4 4.725 .033 .275 120,02 0,84 6,99 -428 4- 7/8 5- 3/8 1/4 4.850 .033 .275 123,19 0,84 6,99 -429 5 5- 1/2 1/4 4.975 .037 .275 126,37 0,94 6,99 -430 5- 1/8 5- 5/8 1/4 5.100 .037 .275 129,54 0,94 6,99 -431 5- 1/4 5- 3/4 1/4 5.225 .037 .275 132,72 0,94 6,99 -432 5- 3/8 5- 7/8 1/4 5.350 .037 .275 135,89 0,94 6,99 -433 5- 1/2 6 1/4 5.475 .037 .275 139,07 0,94 6,99 -434 5- 5/8 6- 1/8 1/4 5.600 .037 .275 142,24 0,94 6,99 -435 5- 3/4 6- 1/4 1/4 5.725 .037 .275 145,42 0,94 6,99 -436 5- 7/8 6- 3/8 1/4 5.850 .037 .275 148,59 0,94 6,99 -437 6 6- 1/2 1/4 5.975 .037 .275 151,77 0,94 6,99 -438 6- 1/4 6- 3/4 1/4 6.225 .040 .275 158,12 1,02 6,99 -439 6- 1/2 7 1/4 6.475 .040 .275 164,47 1,02 6,99 -440 6- 3/4 7- 1/4 1/4 6.725 .040 .275 170,82 1,02 6,99 -441 7 7- 1/2 1/4 6.975 .040 .275 177,17 1,02 6,99 -442 7- 1/4 7- 3/4 1/4 7.225 .045 .275 183,52 1,14 6,99 -443 7- 1/2 8 1/4 7.475 .045 .275 189,87 1,14 6,99 -444 7- 3/4 8- 1/4 1/4 7.725 .045 .275 196,22 1,14 6,99 -445 8 8- 1/2 1/4 7.975 .045 .275 202,57 1,14 6,99 -446 8- 1/2 9 1/4 8.475 .055 .275 215,27 1,40 6,99 -447 9 9- 1/2 1/4 8.975 .055 .275 227,97 1,40 6,99 -448 9- 1/2 10 1/4 9.475 .055 .275 240,67 1,40 6,99 -449 10 10- 1/2 1/4 9.975 .055 .275 253,37 1,40 6,99 -450 10- 1/2 11 1/4 10.475 .060 .275 266,07 1,52 6,99 -451 11 11- 1/2 1/4 10.975 .060 .275 278,77 1,52 6,99 -452 11- 1/2 12 1/4 11.475 .060 .275 291,47 1,52 6,99 -453 12 12- 1/2 1/4 11.975 .060 .275 304,17 1,52 6,99 -454 12- 1/2 13 1/4 12.475 .060 .275 316,87 1,52 6,99 -455 13 13- 1/2 1/4 12.975 .060 .275 329,57 1,52 6,99 -456 13- 1/2 14 1/4 13.475 .070 .275 342,27 1,78 6,99 -457 14 14- 1/2 1/4 13.975 .070 .275 354,97 1,78 6,99 -458 14- 1/2 15 1/4 14.475 .070 .275 367,67 1,78 6,99 -459 15 15- 1/2 1/4 14.975 .070 .275 380,37 1,78 6,99 -460 15- 1/2 16 1/4 15.475 .070 .275 393,07 1,78 6,99 -461 16 16- 1/2 1/4 15.955 .075 .275 405,26 1,91 6,99 -462 16- 1/2 17 1/4 16.455 .075 .275 417,96 1,91 6,99 -463 17 17- 1/2 1/4 16.955 .080 .275 430,66 2,03 6,99 -464 17- 1/2 18 1/4 17.455 .085 .275 443,36 2,16 6,99 -465 18 18- 1/2 1/4 17.955 .085 .275 456,06 2,16 6,99 -466 18- 1/2 19 1/4 18.455 .085 .275 468,76 2,16 6,99 -467 19 19- 1/2 1/4 18.955 .090 .275 481,46 2,29 6,99 -468 19- 1/2 20 1/4 19.455 .090 .275 494,16 2,29 6,99 -469 20 20- 1/2 1/4 19.955 .095 .275 506,86 2,41 6,99 -470 21 21- 1/2 1/4 20.955 .095 .275 532,26 2,41 6,99 -471 22 22- 1/2 1/4 21.955 .100 .275 557,66 2,54 6,99 -472 23 23- 1/2 1/4 22.940 .105 .275 582,68 2,67 6,99 -473 24 24- 1/2 1/4 23.940 .110 .275 608,08 2,79 6,99 -474 25 25- 1/2 1/4 24.940 .115 .275 633,48 2,92 6,99 -475 26 26- 1/2 1/4 25.940 .120 .275 658,88 3,05 6,99 All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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14. A. Standard O-ring Sizes Standard O-ring Sizes (900 series) O-ring Size - Actual (b) per AS568A Metric O-ring Size per AS568A (Units are in inches) (Units are in millimeters) AS 568A Tube O.D. Tolerance Tolerance Uniform (C) (C) Dash No. (Ref) I.D. ± W ± I.D. ± W -901 3/32 .185 .005 .056 .003 4,70 0,13 1,42 -902 1/8 .239 .005 .064 .003 6,07 0,13 1,63 -903 3/16 .301 .005 .064 .003 7,65 0,13 1,63 -904 1/4 .351 .005 .072 .003 8,92 0,13 1,83 -905 5/16 .414 .005 .072 .003 10,52 0,13 1,83 -906 3/8 .468 .005 .078 .003 11,89 0,13 1,98 -907 7/16 .530 .007 .082 .003 13,46 0,18 2,08 -908 1/2 .644 .009 .087 .003 16,36 0,23 2,21 -909 9/16 .706 .009 .097 .003 17,93 0,23 2,46 -910 5/8 .755 .009 .097 .003 19,18 0,23 2,46 -911 11/16 .863 .009 .116 .004 21,92 0,23 2,95 -912 3/4 .924 .009 .116 .004 23,47 0,23 2,95 -913 13/16 .986 .010 .116 .004 25,04 0,26 2,95 -914 7/8 1.047 .010 .116 .004 26,59 0,26 2,95 -916 1 1.171 .010 .116 .004 29,74 0,26 2,95 -918 1- 1/8 1.355 .012 .116 .004 34,42 0,30 2,95 -920 1- 1/4 1.475 .014 .118 .004 37,47 0,36 3,00 -924 1- 1/2 1.720 .014 .118 .004 43,69 0,36 3,00 -928 1- 3/4 2.090 .018 .118 .004 53,09 0,46 3,00 -932 2 2.337 .018 .118 .004 59,36 0,46 3,00

(b)

± 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10

These O-rings are intended for use with internal straight thread fluid connection bosses and tube fittings. Ref. AND10049, AND10050, MS33656, MS33657, SAE straight thread O-ring boss and mating swivel and adjustable style fittings.


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Sealing Elements Technical Handbook O-rings ID W

14. B. Metric O-ring Sizes Norm 001 002 R000 102 003 003,5 004 103 R00 R 0 005 R 1 104 006 R2

I.D. (mm) 0,74 1 1,07 1,15 1,2 1,25 1,25 1,3 1,4 1,42 1,5 1,78 1,78 1,8 1,8 1,8 1,8 2 2 2 2 2,06 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,57 2,6 2,6 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,85 2,9 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3,1 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 3,5

W (mm) 1,02 1 1,27 1 0,7 1 2,62 0,7 0,7 1,52 1 1,02 1,78 0,7 1 1,2 1,5 1 1,3 1,5 2 2,62 1,6 0,9 1,9 1 1,2 1,3 1,5 1,78 1,2 1,9 2,4 1 1,6 2,62 1,78 1 1,25 1,5 2 2,4 3 3,5 1,6 2,6 1,78 2,4 1,9 1 1,2

Norm 105 007 R 3 106 008 R 4 107 009

I.D. (mm) 3,5 3,5 3,6 3,63 3,68 3,7 3,7 3,7 3,8 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4,1 4,2 4,2 4,2 4,3 4,34 4,4 4,42 4,47 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,5 4,6 4,7 4,7 4,76 4,9 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5,1 5,23 5,28 5,3 5,5

W (mm) 1,5 2 2,4 2,62 1,78 1 1,6 1,9 1,25 1 1,1 1,2 1,5 1,8 1,8 2 2,2 2,5 3 1,6 1,1 1,4 1,9 2,4 3,53 1,1 2,62 1,78 1 1,5 1,8 2 2,4 1,42 1,6 1,78 1,9 1 1,2 1,5 1,75 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 1,6 2,62 1,78 2,4 1

Norm R5 R6BIS 108 010 R 5BIS R5A R 6

I.D. (mm) 5,5 5,5 5,5 5,5 5,5 5,6 5,6 5,7 5,8 5,94 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6,02 6,02 6,07 6,1 6,1 6,3 6,35 6,4 6,5 6,5 6,5 6,5 6,6 6,75 6,8 6,86 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7,1 7,2 7,3 7,3 7,5 7,5

W (mm) 1,5 1,6 2 2,4 2,5 2 2,4 1,9 1,9 3,53 1 1,2 1,5 1,8 2 2,2 2,3 2,5 3 4 1,63 2,62 1,78 0,84 1,6 2,4 1,78 1,9 1 1,5 2 3 2,4 1,78 1,9 1,78 1 1,2 1,5 1,8 2 2,5 3 4 5 1,6 1,9 2,2 2,4 1,5 2


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14. B. Metric O-ring Sizes

180

Norm 203 109 011 R 6A R7 R8 R 7BIS 204 110 012

I.D. (mm) 7,5 7,5 7,5 7,52 7,6 7,6 7,6 7,65 7,65 7,8 7,93 7,94 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8,1 8,3 8,3 8,5 8,5 8,5 8,5 8,5 8,6 8,7 8,73 8,9 8,9 8,92 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9,1 9,12 9,2 9,25 9,3

W (mm) 2,2 2,5 3,2 3,53 1,2 2,4 2,62 1,63 1,78 1,9 4,76 1,78 1 1,25 1,5 1,9 2 2,4 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 1,6 1 2,4 1 1,27 1,5 2 2,5 2,4 2 1,78 1,9 2,7 1,83 1 1,5 2 2,2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 1,6 3,53 2,62 1,78 2,4

Norm R8BIS 309 R9 205 111 013

I.D. (mm) 9,5 9,5 9,5 9,5 9,5 9,5 9,52 9,6 9,75 9,8 9,8 9,92 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10,1 10,3 10,47 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,5 10,6 10,69 10,72 10,77 10,82 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11 11,1 11,11 11,3 11,5 11,5

W (mm) 1 1,5 1,6 2 2,5 3 1,78 2,4 1,78 1,9 2,4 2,62 1 1,3 1,5 2 2,2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6,5 1,6 2,4 5,33 1,5 2 2,5 2,7 2,4 3,53 1,83 2,62 1,78 1 1,3 1,5 1,8 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 5,5 1,6 1,78 2,4 1,5 2,5

Norm 310 R10 206 112 014

I.D. (mm) 11,5 11,6 11,6 11,6 11,7 11,8 11,9 11,91 11,91 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12,07 12,1 12,1 12,29 12,3 12,3 12,37 12,42 12,5 12,5 12,5 12,5 12,6 12,7 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13 13,1 13,1 13,26 13,29 13,3 13,46

W (mm) 3 1,2 2,4 6,35 5,8 2,4 1,98 1,78 2,62 1 1,2 1,5 2 2,25 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 7 5,33 1,6 2,7 3,53 1,9 2,4 2,62 1,78 1,5 2 2,5 3 2,4 2,62 1 1,3 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6 1,6 2,62 1,52 1,78 2,4 2,08


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14. B. Metric O-ring Sizes Norm 13,5 R11 311 207 113 015 R12 312 208 114 016

I.D. (mm) 1,3 13,5 13,5 13,6 13,6 13,64 13,8 13,87 13,95 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14,1 14,3 14,5 14,5 14,6 14,8 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15,08 15,1 15,1 15,1 15,2 15,24 15,3 15,47 15,5 15,5 15,5 15,55 15,6 15,6 15,8 15,88 16

W (mm) 2 3 2,4 2,7 5,33 2,4 3,53 2,62 1 1,25 1,5 1,78 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 1,6 2,4 2 3 2,4 2,4 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,2 3,5 4 5 2,62 1,6 2,7 4,35 1,78 5,33 2,4 3,53 1,5 3 3,2 2,62 1,78 2,4 2,4 2,62 1

Norm 313 R13 209 115 017

I.D. (mm) 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16,1 16,3 16,36 16,4 16,5 16,5 16,6 16,82 16,9 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17 17,04 17,1 17,12 17,17 17,3 17,4 17,46 17,5 17,5 17,5 17,5 17,6 17,8 17,86 17,93 18 18 18 18 18 18 18

W (mm) 1,25 1,5 1,9 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 1,6 2,4 2,21 1 2 2,5 2,4 5,33 2,7 1 1,2 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 3,53 1,6 2,62 1,78 2,4 1,6 2,62 1 1,5 2 2,5 2,4 2,4 2,62 2,46 1 1,5 1,8 2 2,2 2,5 3

Norm R15 R14 314 210 116 018 R16 315

I.D. (mm) 18 18 18 18 18 18,1 18,2 18,3 18,3 18,4 18,42 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,5 18,6 18,64 18,72 18,77 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19,1 19,15 19,18 19,2 19,3 19,5 19,5 19,5 19,5 19,5 19,8 19,8 19,99 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20

W (mm) 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 1,6 3 2,4 3,6 2,7 5,33 1,2 1,5 2 2,5 3 2,4 3,53 2,62 1,78 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 1,6 1,78 2,46 3 2,4 1 1,5 2 2,4 3 2,4 3,6 5,33 1 1,3 1,5 2 2,5 2,65 3 3,5 4 4,5


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181



182

Norm 211 117 019 R17 316 212 118 020

I.D. (mm) 20 20 20 20,1 20,22 20,3 20,3 20,35 20,5 20,5 20,5 20,63 20,8 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21,1 21,3 21,3 21,5 21,5 21,5 21,5 21,5 21,59 21,6 21,7 21,82 21,9 21,92 21,95 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22,1 22,2

W (mm) 5 6 8 1,6 3,53 2,4 2,62 1,78 2 2,4 2,5 2,62 2,4 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 6,5 1,6 2,4 3,6 1,5 2 2,4 3 4,5 5,33 2,4 3,5 3,53 2,62 2,95 1,78 1 1,3 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 1,6 3

Norm R18 317 213 119 021 R19

I.D. (mm) 22,22 22,3 22,5 22,5 22,5 22,6 22,8 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23,17 23,39 23,47 23,47 23,5 23,5 23,5 23,52 23,6 23,7 23,81 23,81 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24 24,2 24,2 24,3 24,4 24,5 24,5 24,5 24,6 24,6 24,7

W (mm) 2,62 2,4 1,5 2 3 1,1 0,8 1 1,2 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,6 4 4,5 5 6 5,33 3,53 2,62 2,95 1 2 2,4 1,78 2,4 3,5 2,62 2,62 1 1,2 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 5,5 6 3 5,7 2,4 3,1 2,4 3 4,5 3 3,6 3,5

Norm 318 214 120 022 R20 319 215 121 023

I.D. (mm) 24,77 24,99 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25,07 25,1 25,12 25,2 25,3 25,5 25,8 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26 26,07 26,2 26,2 26,34 26,5 26,57 26,61 26,65 26,7 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27,1

W (mm) 5,33 3,53 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6 7 8 2,62 1,6 1,78 3 2,4 3 3,53 1 1,2 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 2,62 3 3,6 5,33 3 3,53 2,95 2,62 1,78 1 1,3 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6 1,6


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14. B. Metric O-ring Sizes Norm 27,3 R20TER R21 320 216 122 024 R20BIS R22 321 217 123 025

I.D. (mm) 2,4 27,3 27,5 27,5 27,5 27,5 27,6 27,8 27,94 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28 28,17 28,25 28,3 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29 29,1 29,1 29,2 29,3 29,4 29,4 29,5 29,5 29,5 29,5 29,5 29,52 29,6 29,74 29,74 29,82 29,87 29,9 30 30

W (mm) 2,7 1,5 2 2,5 3 2,4 3,6 5,33 1 1,2 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 3,53 2,62 1,78 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 8 1,6 2,55 3 3,6 1 3,1 1,5 2 2,5 3 4,5 5,33 2,4 2,95 3,53 2,62 1,78 1 1,5 2

Norm R23 322 218 124 026 R24 323 219

I.D. (mm) 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30,2 30,3 30,5 30,8 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31 31,12 31,34 31,42 31,47 31,5 31,5 31,5 31,6 31,7 31,8 31,8 31,8 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32,1 32,2 32,5 32,5 32,69 32,92 33

W (mm) 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 7 3 2,4 1 3,6 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,33 3,53 2,62 1,78 2 2,5 3 2,4 3,5 1 1,4 1,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,7 6 7 1,6 3 3 3,6 5,33 3,53 1,5

Norm 125 027 R25 324 220 126 028 R26

I.D. (mm) 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33 33,05 33,3 33,7 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34 34,1 34,2 34,2 34,2 34,29 34,4 34,5 34,52 34,6 34,6 34,65 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35,1 35,2 35,5 35,6 35,7 36 36

W (mm) 2 2,5 2,62 3 3,5 4 5 6 1,78 2,4 3,5 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 3,6 2 3 5,7 5,33 3,1 3 3,53 2,4 2,62 1,78 1 1,2 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 10 1,6 5,7 3 3,6 3,5 1,5 1,78


www.eriks.info

183



184

Norm 221 127 36,5x1 R27 325 222 128 029

I.D. (mm) 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36,09 36,17 36,2 36,5 36,5 36,5 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37 37,1 37,2 37,2 37,3 37,47 37,47 37,5 37,5 37,5 37,6 37,69 37,77 37,82 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 39 39 39 39

W (mm) 2 2,5 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 3,53 2,62 3 1 2 3 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 1,6 3 5,7 3,6 3 5,33 3 3 4,5 2,4 3,53 2,62 1,78 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 7 10 1 1,5 2 2,5

Norm 129 326 223 130 030

I.D. (mm) 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39 39,2 39,2 39,35 39,4 39,45 39,5 39,5 39,5 39,6 39,69 39,7 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40,2 40,64 40,87 40,95 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41 41,2 41,28 41,5 41,6 41,7 42 42

W (mm) 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5 3 5,7 2,62 3,1 1,78 1,5 2 3 2,4 3,53 3,5 1 1,2 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 7 3 5,33 3,53 2,62 1,5 1,78 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,7 3,53 3 2,4 3,5 1 1,5

Norm 131 327 224 132 031

I.D. (mm) 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42,1 42,2 42,5 42,5 42,52 42,86 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43 43,4 43,69 43,82 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44,04 44,12 44,17 44,2 44,2 44,4 44,45 44,5 44,6 45 45 45

W (mm) 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 7 8 10 1,15 3 3 5,33 2,62 3,53 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 3,6 3 5,33 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 3,53 2,62 1,78 3 5,7 3,1 3,53 3 2,4 1,5 2 2,5


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14. B. Metric O-ring Sizes Norm 133 328 225 134 032 135

I.D. (mm) 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45,3 45,5 45,7 45,84 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46 46,04 46,99 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47 47,2 47,22 47,3 47,35 47,6 47,63 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48 48,9

W (mm) 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 7 5,7 1,5 2,62 1,78 1,5 2 2,5 3 4 4,5 5 6 3,53 5,33 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 7 5,7 3,53 2,62 1,78 2,4 3,53 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 6,5 7 8 2,62

Norm 329 226 136 033

I.D. (mm) 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49 49,2 49,21 49,4 49,5 49,6 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50,17 50,39 50,47 50,52 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51,1 51,2 51,6 52 52 52 52 52 52 52 52

W (mm) 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 6,5 5,7 3,53 3,1 3 2,4 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5 7 16 5,33 3,53 2,62 1,78 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 1,6 5,7 2,4 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6

Norm 137 330 227 138 034 139

I.D. (mm) 52 52,07 52,39 52,5 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53,34 53,5 53,57 53,64 53,7 53,98 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54 54,2 54,2 54,4 54,5 54,6 54,6 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55 55,2 55,25 55,56 55,7 56

W (mm) 8 2,62 3,53 5,7 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,7 6 5,33 1,2 3,53 2,62 1,78 3,53 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 5,5 6 7 8 3 5,7 3,1 3 2,4 5,7 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6 7 5,7 2,62 3,53 3,75 1,5


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185



186

Norm 331 228 140 035 141 332

I.D. (mm) 56 56 56 56 56 56 56 56,52 56,75 56,82 56,87 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57 57,15 57,2 57,6 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58 58,42 58,74 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59 59,2 59,4 59,5 59,6 59,69

W (mm) 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,33 3,53 2,62 1,78 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 6,5 7 8 16 3,53 5,7 2,4 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6 7 2,62 3,53 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 10 5,7 3,1 3 2,4 5,33

Norm 229 142 036 143 333 230

I.D. (mm) 59,92 59,99 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60,05 60,33 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61 61,2 61,6 61,6 61,91 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62 62,2 62,87 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63 63,09

W (mm) 3,53 2,62 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 7 8 1,78 3,53 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 5,7 2,4 2,62 3,53 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 5,5 6 5,7 5,33 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 7 9 3,53

Norm 144 037 145 334 231 146 038

I.D. (mm) 63,17 63,22 63,5 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64 64,2 64,4 64,5 64,6 64,77 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65 65,09 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66,04 66,27 66,34 66,4 66,68 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67 67,2 67,6

W (mm) 2,62 1,78 3,53 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 5,7 3,1 3 2,4 2,62 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 3,53 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 5,33 3,53 2,62 1,78 3,53 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6 5,7 2,4


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14. B. Metric O-ring Sizes Norm 147 335 232 148 039

I.D. (mm) 67,95 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68 68,26 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69 69,2 69,22 69,44 69,5 69,52 69,57 69,6 69,85 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 71 71 71 71 71 71 71

W (mm) 2,62 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 7 8 3,53 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 5,7 5,33 3,53 3 2,62 1,78 2,4 3,53 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 6 6,5 7 8 10 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5

Norm 149 336 233 150 040

I.D. (mm) 71,12 71,2 71,44 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72 72,2 72,39 72,62 72,7 72,75 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73 73,03 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 74,2 74,3 74,4 74,5 74,6 74,61 74,63 75 75 75 75 75

W (mm) 2,62 5,7 3,53 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 5,5 6 10 5,7 5,33 3,53 2,62 1,78 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 3,53 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 7 8 5,7 2,62 3,1 3 5,7 3,53 5,33 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5

Norm 337 234 151 041 338 235

I.D. (mm) 75 75 75 75 75 75 75 75,57 75,8 75,87 75,92 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 77 77 77 77 77 77 77 77,2 77,5 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78 78,74 78,97 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79,2 79,4 79,5

W (mm) 4 4,5 5 6 7 7,5 9 5,33 3,53 2,62 1,78 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 5,7 2,62 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6 5,33 3,53 1,5 1,78 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6 5,7 3,1 3


www.eriks.info

187



188

Norm 339 236 152 042

I.D. (mm) 79,77 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80,6 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81 81,2 81,92 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82 82,14 82,2 82,22 82,27 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83,8 84 84 84 84 84 84 84

W (mm) 5,33 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 8 10 2,62 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 5,7 5,33 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 7 8 3,53 5,7 2,62 1,78 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,5 2,62 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5

Norm 340 237 341 238 153 043

I.D. (mm) 84 84 84,2 84,4 84,5 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85 85,09 85,32 85,34 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86 86,5 87 87 87 87 87 87 87 87,2 87,45 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 88 88,27 88,3 88,49 88,57 88,62

W (mm) 6 9 5,7 3,1 3 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 7 5,33 3,53 1,78 1,6 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 4 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 5,7 6,98 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 5,33 7 3,53 2,62 1,78

Norm 342 239

I.D. (mm) 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89 89,2 89,4 89,5 89,69 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 91 91 91 91 91 91 91,44 91,67 91,7 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92 92,2 92,75 93 93 93 93 93 93 93

W (mm) 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,7 3,1 3 5,34 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 7 8 10 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 5,33 3,53 1,78 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 10 5,7 2,62 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6


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14. B. Metric O-ring Sizes Norm 343 240 154 044 344

I.D. (mm) 94 94 94 94 94 94 94 94,1 94,4 94,5 94,62 94,84 94,92 94,97 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 95 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96 96,6 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97,2 97,79 98 98 98 98 98 98 98

W (mm) 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 8 5,7 3,1 3 5,33 3,53 2,62 1,78 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 7 8 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6 8 1,6 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 5,7 5,33 1,2 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4

Norm 241 345 242 155 045

I.D. (mm) 98 98 98 98,02 98,05 99 99 99 99 99 99 99 99,2 99,4 99,5 99,6 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100,95 100,97 101 101 101 101 101,2 101,27 101,32 101,6 102 102 102 102 102 102 103 103 103 103 103 103

W (mm) 4,5 5 6 3,53 1,78 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6 5,7 3,1 3 5,7 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 5,34 6 7 8 10 1,6 5,33 2,5 3 4,3 4,5 3,53 2,62 1,78 5,7 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5

Norm 346 243 347 244 156 046

I.D. (mm) 103 104 104 104 104 104 104,14 104,37 104,4 104,4 104,5 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 105 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106,5 107 107 107 107 107,32 107,54 107,62 107,67 108 108 108 108 108 108 108 109 109 109 109 109 109 109 109

W (mm) 6 3 4 5 5,7 6 5,33 3,53 1,78 3,1 3 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 7 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 6 7 2,4 2,5 3 4 5 5,33 3,53 2,62 1,78 3 3,2 3,5 4 5 6 8 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 5,5 7


www.eriks.info

189



190

Norm 348 245 349 425 246 157 047

I.D. (mm) 109,2 109,4 109,5 109,5 109,5 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110 110,49 110,72 110,74 111 111 111 112 112 112 112 112 112 113 113 113 113 113 113,67 113,67 113,89 113,97 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 114,02 114,3 114,4 114,5 114,7 115 115

W (mm) 5,7 3,1 3 5,33 5,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 4,5 5 6 7 11 5,33 3,53 1,78 3 5 6 2 2,5 3 4 5 6 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 5,33 7 3,53 2,62 2,5 3 4 5 5,5 6 8 9 1,78 5,7 3,1 3 7 1 1,6

Norm 350 426 247 351 427 248 158 048

I.D. (mm) 115 115 115 115 115 115 115 116 116 116 116,84 116,84 117 117 117 117 117 117,07 117,1 117,5 118 118 118 118 119 119 119 119,2 119,4 119,5 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120,02 120,02 120,25 120,32 120,37 121 121 121,5 122 122 122 122 122 122

W (mm) 2 2,5 3 4 4,5 5 6 2,5 3 4 5,33 7 2,5 2,7 3 4 5 3,53 1,78 5,34 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 5,7 3,1 3 2 3 3,5 4 5 6 10 5,33 7 3,53 2,62 1,78 4 5 2,2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6

Norm 352 428 249 353 429 250 159 049

I.D. (mm) 123 123 123 123 123 123,19 123,19 123,42 123,44 124 124 124 124 124 124 124,3 124,4 124,5 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125 125,6 126 126 126 126 126,37 126,37 126,6 126,67 126,72 127 127 127 128 128 128 128 128 129 129 129 129 129,2 129,4 129,4

W (mm) 3 4 5 6 6,3 5,33 7 3,53 1,78 3 3,25 4 5 6 18 5,7 3,1 3 2,4 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6 8,3 2 3 4 5 6 5,33 7 3,53 2,62 1,78 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 6 2,5 3 4 5 5,7 1,78 3,1


www.eriks.info


14. B. Metric O-ring Sizes Norm 354 430 251 355 431 252 160 050 356 432

I.D. (mm) 129,5 129,54 129,54 129,77 130 130 130 130 130 130 130 130,2 130,5 131 131 131 131 131,2 132 132 132 132 132 132,72 132,72 132,95 133 133 133 133,02 133,07 134 134 134 134 134,3 134,4 134,5 134,5 135 135 135 135 135 135 135,76 135,89 135,89 136 136 136

W (mm) 3 5,33 7 3,53 2 2,5 3 4 5 6 8 5,34 3 2,5 3 4 5 5,7 3 4 5 6 8 5,33 7 3,53 3 4 5 2,62 1,78 3 4 5 6 5,7 3,1 3 6,99 2,5 3 4 5 6 10 1,78 5,33 7 3 4 5

Norm 253 357 433 254 161 358 434 255

I.D. (mm) 136 136,12 137 137 137 138 138 138 138 138 138 138,94 139 139 139 139,07 139,07 139,3 139,3 139,37 139,4 139,5 139,7 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 140 141 141 141 142 142 142 142 142,11 142,24 142,24 142,47 143 143 143 144 144 144 144,1 144,3 144,4

W (mm) 6 3,53 3 4 5 2,1 3 3,5 4 5 6 1,78 3 4 5 5,33 7 3,53 5,7 2,62 3,1 3 5,34 2 2,5 3 4 5 6 8 10 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 1,78 5,33 7 3,53 3 4 5 3 4 5 8,4 5,7 3,1

Norm 359 435 256 162 360 436 257 361 437 258

I.D. (mm) 144,5 144,6 145 145 145 145 145 145 145,29 145,42 145,42 145,64 145,72 146 146 146 146 146,04 147 147 147 148 148 148 148 148 148,46 148,59 148,59 148,82 149 149 149 149,1 149,2 149,2 149,5 149,6 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 151,46 151,77 151,77 152 152

W (mm) 3 5,7 2 2,5 3,5 4 5 5,5 1,78 5,33 7 3,53 2,62 3 4 5 6 5,33 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 8 1,78 5,33 7 3,53 3 4 5 8,4 5,33 5,7 3 5,7 2 2,5 3 3,5 4 5 6 8 1,78 5,33 7 3 3,53


www.eriks.info

191



192

Norm 163 362 438 259 164

I.D. (mm) 152 152 152,07 153 153 153 154 154 154 154 154,1 154,3 154,5 154,8 155 155 155 155 155 155,6 156 156 156 156 157 157 157 157 157 158 158 158 158 158 158,12 158,12 158,34 158,42 159,1 159,3 159,5 159,5 159,8 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160

W (mm) 4 5 2,62 4,5 5 6 3 4 5 6 8,4 5,7 3 5,7 3 4 5 5,33 6 7 3 4 5 6 3 4 4,5 5 6 1,78 3 4 5 6 5,33 7 3,53 2,62 8,4 5,7 3 7 5,7 2 3 3,5 4 5 6 8 10

Norm 363 439 260 165 364 440 261 166

I.D. (mm) 161,3 161,6 161,9 162 162 162 162 164,1 164,2 164,47 164,47 164,5 164,7 164,77 164,8 165 165 165 165 165 165 166,7 167 167,7 168 168 168 168 168,3 169 169 169,1 169,3 169,5 169,8 170 170 170 170 170 170,82 170,82 171,04 171,12 172 172 172 172 174 174 174

W (mm) 5,33 2,4 7 3 4 5 6 8,4 5,7 5,33 7 3 3,53 2,62 5,7 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 3 5,33 3 4 5 5,7 7 4 5 8,4 5,7 3 5,7 2 3 4 5 6 5,33 7 3,53 2,62 3 4 5 6 3 3,2 4

Norm 365 441 262 167 366 442 263 168

I.D. (mm) 174 174 174,1 174,2 174,5 174,6 174,8 175 175 175 175 175 177,17 177,17 177,4 177,47 178 178 178 178 178 179 179,1 179,3 179,5 179,8 180 180 180 180 180 180 181 182 182 182 182 183,5 183,52 183,52 183,74 183,82 184 184 184 184,1 184,3 184,5 184,8 185 185

W (mm) 5 6 8,4 5,7 3 7 5,7 2,5 3 4 5 6 5,33 7 3,53 2,62 3 4 5 6 10 3 8,4 5,7 3 5,7 2 3 4 5 6 8 7 3 4 5 6 3 5,33 7 3,53 2,62 4 5 6 8,4 5,7 3 5,7 3 4


www.eriks.info


14. B. Metric O-ring Sizes Norm 367 443 264 169 368 444 265 170

I.D. (mm) 185 185 186 186 186 187,3 188 188 188 188 189,1 189,2 189,5 189,8 189,87 189,87 190 190 190 190 190,1 190,17 192 192 192 192 193,3 194 194 194 194,1 194,3 194,5 195 195 195 195 195 195 195 196,22 196,22 196,44 196,52 197 198 198 198 199,1 199,2 199,5

W (mm) 5 6 3 3 4 7 3 4 5 6 8,4 5,7 3 5,7 5,33 7 3 4 5 6 3,53 2,62 3 4 5 7 4 2 4 6,1 8,4 5,7 3 3,5 4 5 6 6,75 8 10 5,33 7 3,53 2,62 3 4 5 6 8,4 5,7 3

Norm 369 445 266 171 370 267 172

I.D. (mm) 199,8 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 202 202 202 202,57 202,57 202,8 202,87 203 203 203 203 203 204 204,2 205 205 205 205 205 205 205 205 206 208 208 208 208 208,9 208,92 209,1 209,14 209,22 209,3 209,5 210 210 210 210 210 210 212 212

W (mm) 5,7 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 15 5 5,5 6 5,33 7 3,53 2,62 3 4 4 5 6 6 5,7 2 3 4 4,5 5 6 9 10 6 3 4 5 6 7 5,33 8,4 3,53 2,62 5,7 3 2 3 4 5 6 8 3 4

Norm 371 446 268 173 372 269 174 373 447 270 175

I.D. (mm) 212 212 212 212 214,3 215 215 215 215 215,27 215,27 215,5 215,57 216 217 218 218 218 218 218 218 219,1 219,3 219,5 219,5 220 220 220 220 220 221,6 221,62 221,84 221,92 222 224 225 225 225 225 226 227 227,97 227,97 228 228 228 228 228,2 228,27 229

W (mm) 5 6 6,3 7 5,7 3 4 5 6 5,33 7 3,53 2,62 8 5 3 4 4,5 5 5,8 6 8,4 5,7 3 3,2 3 4 5 6 10 6,99 5,33 3,53 2,62 6 3,8 3 4 5 10 8 3,2 5,33 7 3 4 5 10 3,53 2,62 6


www.eriks.info

193



194

Norm 374 271 176 375 448 272 177 376 273 178

I.D. (mm) 229,1 229,3 229,5 230 230 230 230 230 232 233 234,3 234,3 234,32 234,55 234,62 235 235 235 235 235 236 238 238 239,1 239,3 239,5 240 240 240 240 240 240 240,67 240,67 240,9 240,97 242 245 245 245 245 245 246 247 247 247 247 247,02 247,25 247,32 248

W (mm) 8,4 5,7 3 3 4 5 6 8 3 3 5,7 6,99 5,33 3,53 2,62 3 4 5 6 8 12 5 6 8,4 5,7 3 3 4 5 6 8 10 5,33 7 3,53 2,62 8 3 3,5 4 5 8 4 3 5 6 7 5,33 3,53 2,62 5

Norm 377 449 274 378 450 275

I.D. (mm) 249,1 249,3 249,5 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 253 253,37 253,37 253,6 254 255 255 255 255 258 258 259,3 259,3 259,7 260 260 260 260 260 262 262 262 264 264 265 265 265 265 265,3 266,07 266,07 266,29 268 268 268,8 269,3 270 270 270 270

W (mm) 8,4 5,7 3 3 4 5 6 6,5 7 8 10 8 5,33 7 3,53 8 3 4 5 5,7 4 6 3 5,7 7 3 4 5 6 8 2 4 5 3 10 4 5 6 8 3 5,33 7 3,53 4 5 8,4 5,7 3 4 5 6

Norm 379 451 276 380 452 277

I.D. (mm) 270 272,4 275 275 275 275 275 278 278 278 278,77 278,77 278,99 278,99 279 279,3 280 280 280 280 280 280 283 285 285 285 285 285,1 288 288 288 289,3 290 290 290 290 290 291,47 291,47 291,69 292 295 295 295 297 297,8 298 298 299,3 300 300

W (mm) 10 6,99 2 3 4 5 6 4 5 6 5,33 7 3,53 3,83 8 5,7 3 4 5 6 8 10 3,5 3 4 5 6 7 4 5 6 5,7 2 3 4 5 6 5,33 7 3,53 10 4 5 6 4 7 4 5 5,7 3 4


www.eriks.info


14. B. Metric O-ring Sizes Norm 381 453 278 454

I.D. (mm) 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 304,17 304,17 304,39 305 305 305 305 308 308 309 309,3 310 310 310 310 310 310,5 311 312 312 315 315 315 315 315 315 315 316 316,87 318 318 319,2 319,3 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 325 325

W (mm) 5 6 6,3 7 7 9 10 5,33 7 3,53 4 5 6 10 4 5 3 5,7 4 5 6 8 16 7 6 4 5 3 4 5 5,33 6 6,3 10 9 7 4 5 3,53 5,7 3 3,5 4 5 6 6,5 7 8 10 4 5

Norm 382 455 279 456 383 457 280

I.D. (mm) 325 325 326 328 329,57 329,57 329,79 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 335 335 335 339 339,3 340 340 340 340 340 342 342,27 344 345 345 345 346 347 349,3 350 350 350 350 350 354,97 354,97 355 355 355 355 355,19 357 358 359,3 360 360

W (mm) 6 10 8 10 5,33 7 3,53 3 4 5 5,7 6 6,5 8 10 4 5 6 8,4 5,7 4 5 6 10 16 5 7 6,99 4 5 6 10 6 5,7 3 4 5 6 8 5,33 7 3 4 5 6 3,53 12 6 5,7 4 5

Norm 458 384 459 281 460

I.D. (mm) 360 360 360 360 360 360 363 365 365 365 367,67 370 370 370 374 374 375 375 375 375 375 378 378 379,3 380 380 380 380 380 380,37 380,37 380,59 385 385 385 385 387 390 390 390 390 390 390 391 392 393,07 394 395 395 395 395

W (mm) 6 7 7,5 8 9 10 5,33 4 5 6 7 4 5 6 5 8 4 5 6 7 8,4 4 12 5,7 4 5 6 8 10 5,33 7 3,53 3 4 5 6 20 3,5 4 5 6 9 16 8 6 7 8,4 4 5 6 8


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196

Norm 282 385 461 462 283 386 463

I.D. (mm) 396 399,3 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 402 402 405,26 405,26 405,26 406 410 410 410 410 410 410 412 415 415 415 417,96 419,1 419,3 420 420 420 420 420 422 422,2 422,2 425 425 425 425 425 426 427 429 430 430,66 430,66 430,66 434 439,3 440

W (mm) 12 5,7 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 4 9 3,53 5,33 7 3,1 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 5 6 7 7 8,4 5,7 4 6 8 9 10 6 6,2 6,9 4 5 6 7 8 5,7 5 6 8,4 3,53 5,33 7 10 5,7 3

Norm 464 284 387 465 466 388 467

I.D. (mm) 440 440 443,36 445 445 450 450 450 450 450 451 454 455 456,06 456,06 456,06 459,3 460 460 460 460 460 461 462 462 465 468,76 470 470 470 470 470 475 475 478 479,3 480 480 480 480 480 480 480 481,38 481,46 483 485 485 485 488 489

W (mm) 4 7 7 5 9 4 6 7 8 10 9 8,4 5 3,53 5,33 7 5,7 5 6 7 8 12 8,4 10 15 5 7 4 5 6 8 10 8 10 6 5,7 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 5,33 7 8,4 5 5,7 8 6 6

Norm 468 389 469 390 470 ASA100

I.D. (mm) 490 490 490 490 490 491,49 492 494,16 498 499,3 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 502 505 505 505 505 506,78 506,86 510 515 515 517 518,5 519,3 520 520 520,06 525 525 525 529,3 530 530 530 530 530 532,18 532,26 534 540 541 545 545 545,47 550

W (mm) 5 7 8 10 16 5,33 4 7 14 5,7 3,53 5 6 7 8 9 10 16 3 4 6 10 5,33 7 5 7 8 5,33 3 5,7 8 10 7 5 6 8 5,7 4 5 6 7 10 5,33 7 16 10 14 5,7 9 7 5


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14. B. Metric O-ring Sizes Norm 391 471 392 472 ASA104 393 473 394 474

I.D. (mm) 550 550 550 552 552 554,3 557,58 557,66 560 560 562 566 570 573 575 577 577 580 580 580 582,68 582,68 584 585 590 590 594 595 595 596,27 600 600 600 608,08 608,08 610 610 614 617 620 620 620 625 626 630 633,48 633,48 635 637 638 640

W (mm) 6 7 8 4 5,33 5,7 5,33 7 8 10 7,5 6,35 10 7 4 20 21 8 9 10 5,33 7 8,4 16 6 10 5,7 6 8 7 7 8 10 5,33 7 6 6,35 7 8 5 8 10 3 7 8 5,33 7 8 10 8 7

Norm 395 475

I.D. (mm) 643 650 650 650 658,88 658,88 660 660 665 670 670 674 675 680 680 680 680 685 690 695 699 700 700 702 705 705 710 724 725 725 730,5 735 736 739 740 743 745 760 763 770 774,1 776 790 790 799 800 800 805 805 810 820

W (mm) 7 7 8 10 5,33 7 9 10 6 7 8 7 8 7 8 8,4 16 7 10 8 7 8 10 20 5,33 7 8,4 7 5,7 9 7 7 5,33 7 8,4 10 7 7 10 4 8,4 7 6,3 10 12 7 8 20 21 9 7

Norm

I.D. (mm) 836 845 847 850 860 870 875 876 878 880 890 890 900 920 925 930 932,5 950 957 975 997 1000 1011 1014 1029 1040 1045 1075 1089 1100 1142 1185 1245

W (mm) 3 10 5,33 7 7 5,33 8 7 5,33 7 5,33 5,7 7 7 10 8 7 10 7 5,33 7 10 7 5,33 6,35 7 5,33 7 6,99 6,99 7 7 7

Many more sizes are available upon request in different compounds. Please ask an ERIKS representative for assistance in selecting a custom product.

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14. C. JIS O-ring Sizes * See page 203 for tolerances JIS Sizes

198

S-3 S-4 S-5 S-6 S-7 S-8 S-9 S-10 S-11.2 S-12 S-12.5 S-14 S-15 S-16 S-18 S-20 S-22 S-22.4 S-24 S-25 S-26 S-28 S-29 S-30 S-31.5 S-32 S-34 S-35 S-35.5 S-36 S-38 S-39 S-40 S-42 S-44 S-45 S-46 S-48 S-50 S-53 S-55 S-56 S-60 S-63 S-65 S-67 S-70 S-71 S-75 S-80 S-85 S-90

0,098 0,138 0,177 0,217 0,256 0,295 0,335 0,374 0,421 0,453 0,472 0,531 0,571 0,610 0,689 0,768 0,846 0,862 0,925 0,965 1,004 1,083 1,122 1,161 1,220 1,240 1,319 1,358 1,378 1,398 1,476 1,516 1,555 1,634 1,713 1,752 1,791 1,870 1,949 2,067 2,146 2,185 2,343 2,461 2,539 2,618 2,736 2,776 2,933 3,130 3,327 3,524

0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016

0,059 0,059 0,059 0,059 0,059 0,059 0,059 0,059 0,059 0,059 0,059 0,059 0,059 0,059 0,059 0,059 0,059 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079

0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004

2,5 3,5 4,5 5,5 6,5 7,5 8,5 9,5 10,7 11,5 12,0 13,5 14,5 15,5 17,5 19,5 21,5 21,9 23,5 24,5 25,5 27,5 28,5 29,5 31,0 31,5 33,5 34,5 35,0 35,5 37,5 38,5 39,5 41,5 43,5 44,5 45,5 47,5 49,5 52,5 54,5 55,5 59,5 62,5 64,5 66,5 69,5 70,5 74,5 79,5 84,5 89,5

0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40

1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,5 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0


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14. C. JIS O-ring Sizes * See page 203 for tolerances JIS Sizes S-95 S-100 S-105 S-110 S-112 S-115 S-120 S-125 S-130 S-132 S-135 S-140 S-145 S-150 P-3 P-4 P-5 P-6 P-7 P-8 P-9 P-10 P-10A P-11 P-11.2 P-12 P-12.5 P-14 P-15 P-16 P-18 P-20 P-21 P-22 P-22A P-22.4 P-24 P-25 P-25.5 P-26 P-28 P-29 P-29.5 P-30 P-31 P-31.5 P-32 P-34 P-35 P-35.5 P-36 P-38

3,720 3,917 4,114 4,311 4,390 4,508 4,705 4,902 5,098 5,177 5,295 5,492 5,689 5,886 0,110 0,150 0,189 0,228 0,268 0,307 0,346 0,386 0,386 0,425 0,433 0,465 0,484 0,543 0,583 0,622 0,701 0,780 0,819 0,858 0,854 0,870 0,933 0,972 0,992 1,012 1,091 1,130 1,150 1,169 1,209 1,228 1,248 1,327 1,366 1,386 1,406 1,484

0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006

0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,075 0,075 0,075 0,075 0,075 0,075 0,075 0,075 0,094 0,094 0,094 0,094 0,094 0,094 0,094 0,094 0,094 0,094 0,094 0,094 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138

0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,003 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004

94,5 99,5 104,5 109,5 111,5 114,5 119,5 124,5 129,5 131,5 134,5 139,5 144,5 149,5 2,8 3,8 4,8 5,8 6,8 7,8 8,8 9,8 9,8 10,8 11,0 11,8 12,3 13,8 14,8 15,8 17,8 19,8 20,8 21,8 21,7 22,1 23,7 24,7 25,2 25,7 27,7 28,7 29,2 29,7 30,7 31,2 31,7 33,7 34,7 35,2 35,7 37,7

0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,12 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15

2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 2,0 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 1,9 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 2,4 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5


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200

P-39 P-40 P-41 P-42 P-44 P-45 P-46 P-48 P-49 P-50 P-48A P-50A P-52 P-53 P-55 P-56 P-58 P-60 P-62 P-63 P-65 P-67 P-70 P-71 P-75 P-80 P-85 P-90 P-95 P-100 P-102 P-105 P-110 P-112 P-115 P-120 P-125 P-130 P-132 P-135 P-140 P-145 P-150 P-150A P-155 P-160 P-165 P-170 P-175 P-180 P-185 P-190

1,524 1,563 1,602 1,642 1,720 1,760 1,799 1,878 1,917 1,957 1,874 1,953 2,031 2,071 2,150 2,189 2,268 2,346 2,425 2,465 2,543 2,622 2,740 2,780 2,937 3,134 3,331 3,528 3,724 3,921 4,000 4,118 4,315 4,394 4,512 4,709 4,906 5,102 5,181 5,299 5,496 5,693 5,890 5,886 6,083 6,280 6,476 6,673 6,870 7,067 7,264 7,461

0,006 0,006 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,031 0,031

0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,138 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331

0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006

38,7 39,7 40,7 41,7 43,7 44,7 45,7 47,7 48,7 49,7 47,6 49,6 51,6 52,6 54,6 55,6 57,6 59,6 61,6 62,6 64,6 66,6 69,6 70,6 74,6 79,6 84,6 89,6 94,6 99,6 101,6 104,6 109,6 111,6 114,6 119,6 124,6 129,6 131,6 134,6 139,6 144,6 149,6 149,5 154,5 159,5 164,5 169,5 174,5 179,5 184,5 189,5

0,15 0,15 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,80 0,80

3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4


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14. C. JIS O-ring Sizes * See page 203 for tolerances JIS Sizes P-195 P-200 P-205 P-209 P-210 P-215 P-220 P-225 P-230 P-235 P-240 P-245 P-250 P-255 P-260 P-265 P-270 P-275 P-280 P-285 P-290 P-295 P-300 P-315 P-320 P-335 P-340 P-355 P-360 P-375 P-385 P-400 G-25 G-30 G-35 G-40 G-45 G-50 G-55 G-60 G-65 G-70 G-75 G-80 G-85 G-90 G-95 G-100 G-105 G-110 G-115 G-120

7,657 7,854 8,051 8,209 8,248 8,445 8,642 8,839 9,035 9,232 9,429 9,626 9,823 10,020 10,217 10,413 10,610 10,807 11,004 11,201 11,398 11,594 11,791 12,382 12,579 13,169 13,366 13,957 14,154 14,744 15,138 15,728 0,961 1,157 1,354 1,551 1,748 1,945 2,142 2,339 2,535 2,732 2,929 3,126 3,323 3,520 3,717 3,913 4,110 4,307 4,504 4,701

0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,039 0,039 0,039 0,039 0,039 0,039 0,039 0,039 0,039 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,010 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,016

0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,331 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122

0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004

194,5 199,5 204,5 208,5 209,5 214,5 219,5 224,5 229,5 234,5 239,5 244,5 249,5 254,5 259,5 264,5 269,5 274,5 279,5 284,5 289,5 294,5 299,5 314,5 319,5 334,5 339,5 354,5 359,5 374,5 384,5 399,5 24,4 29,4 34,4 39,4 44,4 49,4 54,4 59,4 64,4 69,4 74,4 79,4 84,4 89,4 94,4 99,4 104,4 109,4 114,4 119,4

0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,40

8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 8,4 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1


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202

G-125 G-130 G-135 G-140 G-145 G-150 G-155 G-160 G-165 G-170 G-175 G-180 G-185 G-190 G-195 G-200 G-210 G-220 G-230 G-240 G-250 G-255 G-260 G-270 G-280 G-290 G-300 V-15 V-24 V-34 V-40 V-55 V-70 V-85 V-100 V-120 V-150 V-175 V-225 V-275 V-325 V-380 V-430 V-480 V-530 V-585 V-640 V-690 V-740 V-790 V-845 V-950 V-1055

4,898 5,094 5,291 5,488 5,685 5,878 6,075 6,272 6,469 6,665 6,862 7,059 7,256 7,453 7,650 7,846 8,240 8,634 9,028 9,421 9,815 10,012 10,209 10,602 10,996 11,390 11,783 0,571 0,925 1,319 1,555 2,146 2,717 3,307 3,898 4,685 5,846 6,811 8,760 10,709 12,657 14,803 16,752 18,701 20,650 22,795 24,941 26,890 28,839 30,787 32,933 37,028 41,102

0,016 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,024 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,031 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,010 0,010 0,016 0,016 0,016 0,024 0,024 0,031 0,031 0,039 0,039 0,047 0,047 0,063 0,063 0,063 0,063 0,079 0,079 0,079 0,098 0,118

0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,122 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,224 0,157 0,157 0,157 0,157 0,157 0,157 0,157 0,157 0,157 0,157 0,157 0,236 0,236 0,236 0,236 0,236 0,394 0,394 0,394 0,394 0,394 0,394 0,394 0,394 0,394 0,394

0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,004 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,006 0,012 0,012 0,012 0,012 0,012 0,012 0,012 0,012 0,012 0,012

124,4 129,4 134,4 139,4 144,4 149,3 154,3 159,3 164,3 169,3 174,3 179,3 184,3 189,3 194,3 199,3 209,3 219,3 229,3 239,3 249,3 254,3 259,3 269,3 279,3 289,3 299,3 14,5 23,5 33,5 39,5 54,5 69,0 84,0 99,0 119,0 148,5 173,0 222,5 272,0 321,5 376,0 425,5 475,0 524,5 579,0 633,5 683,0 732,5 782,0 836,5 940,5 1044,0

0,40 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,60 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,80 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,25 0,25 0,40 0,40 0,40 0,60 0,60 0,80 0,80 1,00 1,00 1,20 1,20 1,60 1,60 1,60 1,60 2,00 2,00 2,00 2,50 3,00

3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 5,7 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 4,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 6,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0


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15. Tolerances and Surface Imperfections Size tolerances and surface imperfections on O-rings are influenced by the tolerance, finish, and cleanliness of the mold cavities from which they are produced. These tolerances have been specified in the Aerospace Standard AS 568A and AS 871 A, DIN Standard 3771 Part 3, ISO 3601 Part 3, and MILSTD-413C. Size tolerances and surface imperfections are formed during production of O-rings by several causes: • inaccurate temperatures • inclusion of air • inaccurate installation of the mold • inaccurate de-burring • insufficient flow of the elastomer. Typical limited defects in O-rings can be:

W

Dimensional Tolerance The finished dimensions for inner diameter and cross section of the O-ring shall conform to those quoted in the relevant standards. Variations in finished shape of section shall also be within the cross sectional tolerances specified in the relevant standards. Parting Line Projection This projection, a continuous ridge of material situated on the parting line of the mold, caused by worn or otherwise excessively rounded mold edges shall not exceed .003 in. (0,08 mm) high or .005 in. (0,13 mm) wide. The parting line projection may extend beyond the maximum cross section diameter. Flash A very thin gage, sometimes film-like material, which extends from the parting line projection, shall be removed.

ID

Dimensional tolerance

max. width of Parting Line Projection .005 in. (0.13 mm)

max. height of Parting Line Projection .003 in. (0.08 mm)

Flash shall be removed


Maximum Permissible Parting Line Projection


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15. Tolerances and Surface Imperfections Off and Mismatch (Offset) Off of the preformed O-ring resulting from the two halves of the mold cavities being out of line, and mismatch of the O-ring resulting from one half of the mold cavity being larger than the other shall not exceed .003 in. (0,08 mm) measured at the position of maximum offset on the molded O-ring. This shall not deviate from the nominal section of the ring in excess of the drawing tolerances. Combined Molding Offset (Off and/or Mismatch) and Parting Line Projection The combination of parting line projection and offset, shall not exceed .003 in. (0,08 mm) high when measured at the position of maximum offset. It is permissible for this combined offset and parting line projection to extend beyond the maximum cross section diameter. Flats Flats, resulting from the removal of flash on the inner and outer axial dimensions of an O-ring, shall not exceed a depth of .003 in. (0,08 mm) and shall not cause deviation from the nominal section of the O-ring in excess of the drawing tolerances, i.e. when the cross sectional diameter is on its lower limit no flatting is permissible. Non-continuous flats shall be blended out smoothly.

max. offset .003 in. (0.08 mm)

Forms of off and mismatch

Flash shall be removed


max. combined height of offset and Parting Line Projection .003 in. (0.08 mm)

Combined offset (off and/or mismatch) and parting line projection

Backgrind A torn or gouged condition (recess) occurring at the mold parting lines, caused by thermal expansion over a sharp mold edge or by premature cure. Parting line Indentation A shallow saucer-like recess, sometimes triangular, located on the parting line OD or ID and may have random orientation. Caused by a deformity on the mold edge. Inclusions and Indentations Any extraneous embedded foreign matter is unacceptable. Depressions resulting from removal thereof must not exceed defined limits. Non-Fill An irregular flat spot or ribbon-like strip, generally having a coarser texture than the normal O-ring surface. Also a recessed wedge resembling a halfmoon. Mold Deposit Defects Surface indentations, irregular in shape, and with rough surface texture are caused by a build up of hardened deposits in the mold cavity.

204

Flow Marks A flow line, knit mark, or delamination, caused by poor knitting. All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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15. Tolerances and Surface Imperfections Shape and Surface Deviations in O-ring Seals According to ISO 3601-3 Type of Deviation Schematic Representation Measurement

Type Characteristics N d2 according to ISO 3601-1

1,78 2,62 3,53 5,33 Largest measure e

e

6,99

e

Shoulder and Shape Deformation

Bead, Ridge, and Shoulder combined

f

e

0,08

0,10

0,13

0,15

0,15

f

0,10

0,12

0,14

0,16

0,18

g

0,18

0,27

0,36

0,53

0,70

h

0,08

0,08

0,10

0,10

0,13

f

Grooving g

h

Departures from round crossRidge Removal sections are permitted if the Area - flat area transitions evenly into the curve, and d2 is maintained j 0,05 x d1* or** Flow lines (radial spread is 1,5 1,5 6,5 6,5 6,5 k not permissible) j k 0,08 Flow lines l 0,60 0,80 e (radial spread is l not permissible) l depth m 0,08 0,08

Foreign Bodies

_

_

1,00

1,30

1,70

0,10

0,10

0,13

Not permitted

* d1 = inside diameter. ** According to which amount is the larger. All dimensions in mm.


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15. Tolerances and Surface Imperfections Shape and Surface Deviations in O-ring Seals According to ISO 3601-3 Type of Deviation Schematic Representation Measurement

Type Characteristics S d2 according to ISO 3601-1

1,78 2,62 3,53 5,33 Largest measure e

e

6,99

e

Shoulder and Shape Deformation

Bead, Ridge, and Shoulder combined

f

e

0,08

0,08

0,10

0,12

0,13

f

0,10

0,10

0,13

0,15

0,15

g

0,10

0,15

0,20

0,20

0,30

h

0,05

0,08

0,10

0,10

0,13

f

Grooving g

h

Departures from round crossRidge Removal sections are permitted if the Area - flat area transitions evenly into the curve, and d2 is maintained j 0,03 x d1* or** Flow lines (radial spread is 1,5 1,5 5,0 5,0 5,0 k not permissible) j k 0,05 Flow lines l 0,15 0,25 e (radial spread is l not permissible) l depth m 0,08 0,08

Foreign Bodies

_

_

0,40

0,63

1,0

0,10

0,10

0,13

Not permitted

* d1 = inside diameter. ** According to which amount is the larger. All dimensions in mm.


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15. Tolerances on cross secton Tolerances on cross section (W) for O-rings acc. AS568A - inches .070 .103

+/- .003 +/- .003

.139 .210

+/- .004 +/- .005

.275

+/- .006

Tolerances on cross section (W) for O-rings acc. ISO 3601-1 class B - millimeters

Cross Section (W) 0,80 < W ≤ 2,25 2,25 < W ≤ 3,15 3,15 < W ≤ 4,50 4,50 < W ≤ 6,30 6,30 < W ≤ 8,40

Tolerance +/-0,08 +/-0,09 +/-0,10 +/-0,13 +/-0,15

Tolerances on cross section (W) for O-rings - inches .040 .059 .063 .070 .075 .079 .095 .100 .103 .106

+/- .003 +/- .003 +/- .003 +/- .003 +/- .003 +/- .003 +/- .003 +/- .003 +/- .003 +/- .003

.118 .138 .139 .142 .157 .177 .197 .210 .224 .236

+/- .003 +/- .004 +/- .004 +/- .004 +/- .004 +/- .004 +/- .005 +/- .005 +/- .006 +/- .006

.275 .315 .330 .354 .394 > .394

+/- .006 +/- .007 +/- .007 +/- .008 +/- .008 +/-1,8% to +/- .008


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15. Tolerances on inside diameter for O-rings Tolerances on inside diameter for o-rings with non standard metric sizes according to ISO 3601 Class B will be calculated using the following formula (values in millimetres): ∆ ID = ±[(ID0,95 x 0,009) + 0,011] The next table shows the tolerances resulting from the formula. Tolerances on Inside Diameter for O-rings acc. ISO 3601-1 Class B - millimetres O-ring ID 1,50 - 1,71 1,72 - 2,93 2,94 - 4,17 4,18 - 5,44 5,45 - 6,72 6,73 - 8,01 8,02 - 9,31 9,32 - 10,62 10,63 - 11,94 11,95 - 13,27 13,28 - 14,61 14,62 - 15,95 15,96 - 17,29 17,30 - 18,64 18,65 - 20,00 20,01 - 21,36 21,37 - 22,73 22,74 - 24,10 24,11 - 25,47 25,48 - 26,85 26,86 - 28,23 28,24 - 29,61 29,62 - 31,00 31,01 - 32,39 32,40 - 33,78 33,79 - 35,18 35,19 - 36,58 36,59 - 37,98 37,99 - 39,38 39,39 - 40,79 40,80 - 42,20 42,21 - 43,61 43,62 - 45,02 45,03 - 46,44 46,45 - 47,86 47,87 - 49,28 49,29 - 50,70 50,71 - 52,12 52,13 - 53,55 53,56 - 54,98 54,99 - 56,41

Tolerance ±0,12 ±0,13 ±0,14 ±0,15 ±0,16 ±0,17 ±0,18 ±0,19 ±0,20 ±0,21 ±0,22 ±0,23 ±0,24 ±0,25 ±0,26 ±0,27 ±0,28 ±0,29 ±0,30 ±0,31 ±0,32 ±0,33 ±0,34 ±0,35 ±0,36 ±0,37 ±0,38 ±0,39 ±0,40 ±0,41 ±0,42 ±0,43 ±0,44 ±0,45 ±0,46 ±0,47 ±0,48 ±0,49 ±0,50 ±0,51 ±0,52

O-ring ID 56,42 - 57,84 57,85 - 59,27 59,28 - 60,71 60,72 - 62,14 62,15 - 63,58 63,59 - 65,02 65,03 - 66,47 66,48 - 67,91 67,92 - 69,35 69,36 - 70,80 70,81 - 72,25 72,26 - 73,70 73,71 - 75,15 75,16 - 76,60 76,61 - 78,05 78,06 - 79,51 79,52 - 80,97 80,98 - 82,42 82,43 - 83,88 83,89 - 85,34 85,35 - 86,80 86,81 - 88,27 88,28 - 89,73 89,74 - 91,20 91,21 - 92,66 92,67 - 94,13 94,14 - 95,60 95,61 - 97,07 97,08 - 98,54 98,55 - 100,01 100,02 - 101,48 101,49 - 102,96 102,97 - 104,43 104,44 - 105,91 105,92 - 107,39 107,40 - 108,86 108,87 - 110,34 110,35 - 111,82 111,83 - 113,30 113,31 - 114,79 114,80 - 116,27

Tolerance ±0,53 ±0,54 ±0,55 ±0,56 ±0,57 ±0,58 ±0,59 ±0,60 ±0,61 ±0,62 ±0,63 ±0,64 ±0,65 ±0,66 ±0,67 ±0,68 ±0,69 ±0,70 ±0,71 ±0,72 ±0,73 ±0,74 ±0,75 ±0,76 ±0,77 ±0,78 ±0,79 ±0,80 ±0,81 ±0,82 ±0,83 ±0,84 ±0,85 ±0,86 ±0,87 ±0,88 ±0,89 ±0,90 ±0,91 ±0,92 ±0,93

O-ring ID 116,28 - 117,75 117,76 - 119,24 119,25 - 120,72 120,73 - 122,21 122,22 - 123,70 123,71 - 125,19 125,20 - 126,68 126,69 - 128,17 128,18 - 129,66 129,67 - 131,15 131,16 - 132,64 132,65 - 134,14 134,15 - 135,63 135,64 - 137,13 137,14 - 138,62 138,63 - 140,12 140,13 - 141,62 141,63 - 143,12 143,13 - 144,62 144,63 - 146,12 146,13 - 147,62 147,63 - 149,12 149,13 - 150,62 150,63 - 152,13 152,14 - 153,63 153,64 - 155,13 155,14 - 156,64 156,65 - 158,15 158,16 - 159,65 159,66 - 161,16 161,17 - 162,67 162,68 - 164,18 164,19 - 165,69 165,70 - 167,20 167,21 - 168,71 168,72 - 170,22 170,23 - 171,73 171,74 - 173,25 173,26 - 174,76 174,77 - 176,28 176,29 - 177,79

Tolerance ±0,94 ±0,95 ±0,96 ±0,97 ±0,98 ±0,99 ±1,00 ±1,01 ±1,02 ±1,03 ±1,04 ±1,05 ±1,06 ±1,07 ±1,08 ±1,09 ±1,10 ±1,11 ±1,12 ±1,13 ±1,14 ±1,15 ±1,16 ±1,17 ±1,18 ±1,19 ±1,20 ±1,21 ±1,22 ±1,23 ±1,24 ±1,25 ±1,26 ±1,27 ±1,28 ±1,29 ±1,30 ±1,31 ±1,32 ±1,33 ±1,34

O-ring ID 177,80 - 179,31 179,32 - 180,82 180,83 - 182,34 182,35 - 183,86 183,87 - 185,38 185,39 - 186,89 186,90 - 188,41 188,42 - 189,93 189,94 - 191,45 191,46 - 192,98 192,99 - 194,50 194,51 - 196,02 196,03 - 197,54 197,55 - 199,07 199,08 - 200,59 200,60 - 202,12 202,13 - 203,64 203,65 - 205,17 205,18 - 206,69 206,70 - 208,22 208,23 - 209,75 209,76 - 211,28 211,29 - 212,81 212,82 - 214,34 214,35 - 215,87 215,88 - 217,40 217,41 - 218,93 218,94 - 220,46 220,47 - 221,99 222,00 - 223,52 223,53 - 225,06 225,07 - 226,59 226,60 - 228,12 228,13 - 229,66 229,67 - 231,19 231,20 - 232,73 232,74 - 234,27 234,28 - 235,80 235,81 - 237,34 237,35 - 238,88 238,89 - 240,42

Tolerance ±1,35 ±1,36 ±1,37 ±1,38 ±1,39 ±1,40 ±1,41 ±1,42 ±1,43 ±1,44 ±1,45 ±1,46 ±1,47 ±1,48 ±1,49 ±1,50 ±1,51 ±1,52 ±1,53 ±1,54 ±1,55 ±1,56 ±1,57 ±1,58 ±1,59 ±1,60 ±1,61 ±1,62 ±1,63 ±1,64 ±1,65 ±1,66 ±1,67 ±1,68 ±1,69 ±1,70 ±1,71 ±1,72 ±1,73 ±1,74 ±1,75


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15. Tolerances on inside diameter for O-rings Tolerances on Inside Diameter for O-rings acc. ISO 3601-1 Class B - millimetres O-ring ID 240,43 - 241,95 241,96 - 243,49 243,50 - 245,03 245,04 - 246,57 246,58 - 248,11 248,12 - 249,66 249,67 - 251,20 251,21 - 252,74 252,75 - 254,28 254,29 - 255,82 255,83 - 257,37 257,38 - 258,91 258,92 - 260,46 260,47 - 262,00 262,01 - 263,55 263,56 - 265,09 265,10 - 266,64 266,65 - 268,18 268,19 - 269,73 269,74 - 271,28 271,29 - 272,83 272,84 - 274,38 274,39 - 275,92 275,93 - 277,47 277,48 - 279,02 279,03 - 280,57 280,58 - 282,12 282,13 - 283,68 283,69 - 285,23 285,24 - 286,78 286,79 - 288,33 288,34 - 289,88 289,89 - 291,44 291,45 - 292,99 293,00 - 294,54 294,55 - 296,10 296,11 - 297,65 297,66 - 299,21 299,22 - 300,76 300,77 - 302,32 302,33 - 303,88 303,89 - 305,43 305,44 - 306,99 307,00 - 308,55 308,56 - 310,11 310,12 - 311,66 311,67 - 313,22

Tolerance ±1,76 ±1,77 ±1,78 ±1,79 ±1,80 ±1,81 ±1,82 ±1,83 ±1,84 ±1,85 ±1,86 ±1,87 ±1,88 ±1,89 ±1,90 ±1,91 ±1,92 ±1,93 ±1,94 ±1,95 ±1,96 ±1,97 ±1,98 ±1,99 ±2,00 ±2,01 ±2,02 ±2,03 ±2,04 ±2,05 ±2,06 ±2,07 ±2,08 ±2,09 ±2,10 ±2,11 ±2,12 ±2,13 ±2,14 ±2,15 ±2,16 ±2,17 ±2,18 ±2,19 ±2,20 ±2,21 ±2,22

O-ring ID 313,23 - 314,78 314,79 - 316,34 316,35 - 317,90 317,91 - 319,46 319,47 - 321,02 321,03 - 322,58 322,59 - 324,15 324,16 - 325,71 325,72 - 327,27 327,28 - 328,83 328,84 - 330,39 330,40 - 331,96 331,97 - 333,52 333,53 - 335,09 335,10 - 336,65 336,66 - 338,21 338,22 - 339,78 339,79 - 341,35 341,36 - 342,91 342,92 - 344,48 344,49 - 346,04 346,05 - 347,61 347,62 - 349,18 349,19 - 350,75 350,76 - 352,31 352,32 - 353,88 353,89 - 355,45 355,46 - 357,02 357,03 - 358,59 358,60 - 360,16 360,17 - 361,73 361,74 - 363,30 363,31 - 364,87 364,88 - 366,44 366,45 - 368,01 368,02 - 369,58 369,59 - 371,16 371,17 - 372,73 372,74 - 374,30 374,31 - 375,87 375,88 - 377,45 377,46 - 379,02 379,03 - 380,59 380,60 - 382,17 382,18 - 383,74 383,75 - 385,32 385,33 - 386,89

Tolerance ±2,23 ±2,24 ±2,25 ±2,26 ±2,27 ±2,28 ±2,29 ±2,30 ±2,31 ±2,32 ±2,33 ±2,34 ±2,35 ±2,36 ±2,37 ±2,38 ±2,39 ±2,40 ±2,41 ±2,42 ±2,43 ±2,44 ±2,45 ±2,46 ±2,47 ±2,48 ±2,49 ±2,50 ±2,51 ±2,52 ±2,53 ±2,54 ±2,55 ±2,56 ±2,57 ±2,58 ±2,59 ±2,60 ±2,61 ±2,62 ±2,63 ±2,64 ±2,65 ±2,66 ±2,67 ±2,68 ±2,69

O-ring ID 386,90 - 388,47 388,48 - 390,05 390,06 - 391,62 391,63 - 393,20 393,21 - 394,78 394,79 - 396,35 396,36 - 397,93 397,94 - 399,51 399,52 - 401,09 401,10 - 402,66 402,67 - 404,24 404,25 - 405,82 405,83 - 407,40 407,41 - 408,98 408,99 - 410,56 410,57 - 412,14 412,15 - 413,72 413,73 - 415,30 415,31 - 416,89 416,90 - 418,47 418,48 - 420,05 420,06 - 421,63 421,64 - 423,21 423,22 - 424,80 424,81 - 426,38 426,39 - 427,96 427,97 - 429,55 429,56 - 431,13 431,14 - 432,71 432,72 - 434,30 434,31 - 435,88 435,89 - 437,47 437,48 - 439,05 439,06 - 440,64 440,65 - 442,22 442,23 - 443,81 443,82 - 445,40 445,41 - 446,98 446,99 - 448,57 448,58 - 450,16 450,17 - 451,75 451,76 - 453,33 453,34 - 454,92 454,93 - 456,51 456,52 - 458,10 458,11 - 459,69 459,70 - 461,28

Tolerance ±2,70 ±2,71 ±2,72 ±2,73 ±2,74 ±2,75 ±2,76 ±2,77 ±2,78 ±2,79 ±2,80 ±2,81 ±2,82 ±2,83 ±2,84 ±2,85 ±2,86 ±2,87 ±2,88 ±2,89 ±2,90 ±2,91 ±2,92 ±2,93 ±2,94 ±2,95 ±2,96 ±2,97 ±2,98 ±2,99 ±3,00 ±3,01 ±3,02 ±3,03 ±3,04 ±3,05 ±3,06 ±3,07 ±3,08 ±3,09 ±3,10 ±3,11 ±3,12 ±3,13 ±3,14 ±3,15 ±3,16

O-ring ID 461,29 - 462,87 462,88 - 464,46 464,47 - 466,05 466,06 - 467,64 467,65 - 469,23 469,24 - 470,82 470,83 - 472,41 472,42 - 474,00 474,01 - 475,59 475,60 - 477,19 477,20 - 478,78 478,79 - 480,37 480,38 - 481,96 481,97 - 483,56 483,57 - 485,15 485,16 - 486,74 486,75 - 488,34 488,35 - 489,93 489,94 - 491,52 491,53 - 493,12 493,13 - 494,71 494,72 - 496,31 496,32 - 497,90 497,91 - 499,50 499,51 - 501,10 501,11 - 502,69 502,70 - 504,29 504,30 - 505,89 505,90 - 507,48 507,49 - 509,08 509,09 - 510,68 510,69 - 512,27 512,28 - 513,87 513,88 - 515,47 515,48 - 517,07 517,08 - 518,67 518,68 - 520,27 520,28 - 521,87 521,88 - 523,46 523,47 - 525,06 525,07 - 526,66 526,67 - 528,26 528,27 - 529,86 529,87 - 531,46 531,47 - 533,07 533,08 - 534,67 534,68 - 536,27

Tolerance ±3,17 ±3,18 ±3,19 ±3,20 ±3,21 ±3,22 ±3,23 ±3,24 ±3,25 ±3,26 ±3,27 ±3,28 ±3,29 ±3,30 ±3,31 ±3,32 ±3,33 ±3,34 ±3,35 ±3,36 ±3,37 ±3,38 ±3,39 ±3,40 ±3,41 ±3,42 ±3,43 ±3,44 ±3,45 ±3,46 ±3,47 ±3,48 ±3,49 ±3,50 ±3,51 ±3,52 ±3,53 ±3,54 ±3,55 ±3,56 ±3,57 ±3,58 ±3,59 ±3,60 ±3,61 ±3,62 ±3,63 209


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15. Tolerances on inside diameter for O-rings Tolerances on Inside Diameter for O-rings acc. ISO 3601-1 Class B - millimetres O-ring ID 536,28 - 537,87 537,88 - 539,47 539,48 - 541,07 541,08 - 542,68 542,69 - 544,28 544,29 - 545,88 545,89 - 547,48 547,49 - 549,09 549,10 - 550,69 550,70 - 552,29 552,30 - 553,90 553,91 - 555,50 555,51 - 557,11 557,12 - 558,71 558,72 - 560,32 560,33 - 561,92 561,93 - 563,53 563,54 - 565,13 565,14 - 566,74 566,75 - 568,34 568,35 - 569,95 569,96 - 571,56 571,57 - 573,16 573,17 - 574,77 574,78 - 576,38 576,39 - 577,98 577,99 - 579,59 579,60 - 581,20 581,21 - 582,81 582,82 - 584,42

Tolerance ±3,64 ±3,65 ±3,66 ±3,67 ±3,68 ±3,69 ±3,70 ±3,71 ±3,72 ±3,73 ±3,74 ±3,75 ±3,76 ±3,77 ±3,78 ±3,79 ±3,80 ±3,81 ±3,82 ±3,83 ±3,84 ±3,85 ±3,86 ±3,87 ±3,88 ±3,89 ±3,90 ±3,91 ±3,92 ±3,93

O-ring ID 584,43 - 586,02 586,03 - 587,63 587,64 - 589,24 589,25 - 590,85 590,86 - 592,46 592,47 - 594,07 594,08 - 595,68 595,69 - 597,29 597,30 - 598,90 598,91 - 600,51 600,52 - 602,12 602,13 - 603,73 603,74 - 605,34 605,35 - 606,95 606,96 - 608,56 608,57 - 610,18 610,19 - 611,79 611,80 - 613,40 613,41 - 615,01 615,02 - 616,62 616,63 - 618,24 618,25 - 619,85 619,86 - 621,46 621,47 - 623,08 623,09 - 624,69 624,70 - 626,30 626,31 - 627,92 627,93 - 629,53 629,54 - 631,15 631,16 - 632,76

Tolerance ±3,94 ±3,95 ±3,96 ±3,97 ±3,98 ±3,99 ±4,00 ±4,01 ±4,02 ±4,03 ±4,04 ±4,05 ±4,06 ±4,07 ±4,08 ±4,09 ±4,10 ±4,11 ±4,12 ±4,13 ±4,14 ±4,15 ±4,16 ±4,17 ±4,18 ±4,19 ±4,20 ±4,21 ±4,22 ±4,23

O-ring ID 632,77 - 634,38 634,39 - 635,99 636,00 - 637,61 637,62 - 639,22 639,23 - 640,84 640,85 - 642,45 642,46 - 644,07 644,08 - 645,69 645,70 - 647,30 647,31 - 648,92 648,93 - 650,54 470,83 - 472,41 472,42 - 474,00 474,01 - 475,59 475,60 - 477,19 477,20 - 478,78 478,79 - 480,37 480,38 - 481,96 481,97 - 483,56 483,57 - 485,15 485,16 - 486,74 486,75 - 488,34 488,35 - 489,93 489,94 - 491,52 491,53 - 493,12 493,13 - 494,71 494,72 - 496,31 496,32 - 497,90 497,91 - 499,50 499,51 - 501,10

Tolerance ±4,24 ±4,25 ±4,26 ±4,27 ±4,28 ±4,29 ±4,30 ±4,31 ±4,32 ±4,33 ±4,34 ±3,23 ±3,24 ±3,25 ±3,26 ±3,27 ±3,28 ±3,29 ±3,30 ±3,31 ±3,32 ±3,33 ±3,34 ±3,35 ±3,36 ±3,37 ±3,38 ±3,39 ±3,40 ±3,41

O-ring ID 501,11 - 502,69 502,70 - 504,29 504,30 - 505,89 505,90 - 507,48 507,49 - 509,08 509,09 - 510,68 510,69 - 512,27 512,28 - 513,87 513,88 - 515,47 515,48 - 517,07 517,08 - 518,67 518,68 - 520,27 520,28 - 521,87 521,88 - 523,46 523,47 - 525,06 525,07 - 526,66 526,67 - 528,26 528,27 - 529,86 529,87 - 531,46 531,47 - 533,07 533,08 - 534,67 534,68 - 536,27 536,28 - 537,87 537,88 - 539,47 539,48 - 541,07 541,08 - 542,68 542,69 - 544,28 544,29 - 545,88 545,89 - 547,48 547,49 - 549,09

Tolerance ±3,42 ±3,43 ±3,44 ±3,45 ±3,46 ±3,47 ±3,48 ±3,49 ±3,50 ±3,51 ±3,52 ±3,53 ±3,54 ±3,55 ±3,56 ±3,57 ±3,58 ±3,59 ±3,60 ±3,61 ±3,62 ±3,63 ±3,64 ±3,65 ±3,66 ±3,67 ±3,68 ±3,69 ±3,70 ±3,71


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15. Tolerances on inside diameter for O-rings The tolerances on O-rings are different from those for molded parts. Molded parts tolerances are according to DIN ISO 3302-1 and have different classes, depending on the application. The following chart indicates these classes. Class M4

2,5

Class M3

± Tolerances in mm

2

1,5

1 Class M2 Class M1

0,5

0 0-6,3

6,3-10

10-16

16-25

25-40

40-63

63-100

100-160

Nominal in mm

Optical surface measurements Due to modern Basler machines ERIKS can control tolerances and surface imperfections to many different international standards. These machines are able to control O-rings up to 63 mm outside diameter. Ask the local ERIKS representative for more information.

Principle: Camera

O-ring

Rotating glass plate

Scraper

OK parts

Out of tolerance parts

Light


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16. Vulc-O-rings and O-ring Cords Vulc-O-rings One of our oldest and most popular products is the Hot Vulcanised Cord ring (‘Vulc-O-ring’). Eriks has developed a very successful method of producing O-rings from extruded cord to a very high technical standard. The most important factors affecting the

t Tensile Strengths As the opposite picture shows, Eriks produces all ts by scarfing at 45°. This is very important in achieving high tensile strengths as the area of the vulcanising surface is greatly increased. Eriks routinely conducts tensile strength tests on a regular basis to satisfy internal quality control requirements. In addition to this (by prior arrangement) production batch testing can also be provided. The testing is carried out on a custom built tensometer.

quality of this product are the mechanical characteristics and dimensional accuracy of the extruded cord stock.Over recent years Eriks has formulated special compounds which give very low compression set figures which are critical for high quality vulcanising. In addition to this the in-house extrusion lines are all laser controlled for dimensional accuracy and the standard extruded finish cord tolerances are often tighter than ISO 330 2 E1. Eriks offers the optional ‘close-tol’ cord

A typical t sample is 140mm long and is held in specially designed clamps.

which can have the incredible tolerance of just +/- 0.05mm (0.002”) and a super smooth surface finish.


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16. Vulc-O-rings and O-ring Cords t Tensile Strengths The t sample is stretched until breakage occurs and, depending on material, can result in a very high elongation.

This detail shows that the vulcanised area has not failed and indicates a good quality vulcanisation.

After breakage the load cell transfers to computer software the data which is then analysed and expressed in graph form and as industry standard MPa tensile strength. When the sample breaks it is often at the t area. This does not infer weakness but at such high elongation, a surface imperfection around the t area will be the point of breakage.

It is then possible to include this testing with general certification (by prior agreement). By conducting t tests and inserting them into the actual production schedule, Eriks can obtain a true representation of the integrity and consistency of the vulcanising process, particularly useful on higher volume orders.

The break as you can see is at the t area but at 90 degrees to the cord stock.


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16. Vulc-O-rings and O-ring Cords Size Range ERIKS can produce Vulc-O-rings with cross sections ranging from 1.78 mm to 25,4 mm. These will have a surface finish as extruded unless otherwise requested. Unlike moulded O-rings, Vulc-O-rings have a limit as to how small an inside diameter that can be produced, which is regulated by the cross section. The following table shows the smallest sizes that can be produced.

Dimensional Tolerances As previously mentioned, Eriks’ extruded cord is unrivalled for tolerance control. Standard extruded cord betters E1 in many sections and a summary of the standard sections with their tolerance follows:

Please note the price list for these small size Vulc-O-rings are more expensive because they are more difficult to manufacture.

There is however no upper limit to diameter. The largest Vulc-O-ring Eriks has ever produced so far has been an amazing 22 meters in diameter! The only difficulty is checking the inside diameter at quality control!

Every inch of the extruded products are checked for compliance to the above tolerances by state of the art ‘laser micrometers’. This is the only way to guarantee 100% cross section diameter inspection.

1.78 mm - 8.40 mm 9.00 mm - 12.70 mm 13.00 mm- 15.90 mm

30 mm 45 mm 60 mm

18.00 mm - 19.05 mm 20.63 mm - 25.40 mm

150 mm 250 mm

1.78 2.00 2.40 2.62 3.00 3.18 3.53 4.00 4.50 4.80 5.00 5.34 5.50 5.70 6.00 6.35

± 0.10 ± 0.10 ± 0.12 ± 0.12 ± 0.12 ± 0.15 ± 0.15 ± 0.15 ± 0.20 ± 0.20 ± 0.20 ± 0.20 ± 0.25 ± 0.25 ± 0.25 ± 0.25

6.50 6.99 7.50 8.00 8.40 9.00 9.52 10.00 11.10 12.00 12.70 13.00 14.00 14.30 15.00 15.90

± 0.25 ± 0.25 ± 0.25 ± 0.25 ± 0.25 ± 0.25 ± 0.25 ± 0.33 ± 0.38 ± 0.45 ± 0.45 ± 0.45 ± 0.50 ± 0.50 ± 0.50 ± 0.50

Each batch of extrusion is ed through one of these laser micrometers and the laser measures the cord 250 times per second and then produces a report after each batch showing details of high, low, and average diameters.


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16. Vulc-O-rings and O-ring Cords Inside diameters are controlled according to ISO 3302-1 M2F as Vulc-O-rings frequently fall outside the range of diameters controlled by BS or AS standard sizes. 25mm thru 40mm

40.1mm thru 63mm 63.1mm thru 100mm 100.1mm thru 160mm

+/- 0.35 +/- 0.40 +/- 0.50 +/- 0.70

Hereafter the tolerance will be +/- 0.5% of the nominal inside diameter of the ring Example: inside diameter of 310.0mm tolerance = +/- 1.55mm (0.5%)

Benefits of Vulc-O-rings The main benefits of utilising Vulc-O-rings are listed as follows.

Restrictions of Vulc-O-rings There are however areas where Vulc-O-rings are restrictive.

• Molds are not required resulting in huge cost savings • No upper diameter restrictions like molding • Tolerances can be closer than molding • No flash lines are present • Can be used in standard housings • Shapes other than round are possible • ts in some cases 90% of cord strength • Short lead times (48 hour turn around possible) • Hardnesses as low as 40 Shore A possible • Hollow core and low load O-rings available • Vacuum quality “ground finish” on demand • Semi-com low outgassing grades with cleam room packaging • USP class VI grades available • Metal detectable grades available

• Dynamic applications where roll may occur. • Excessive stretching- low strength materials. • Not competitive against moulded rings when small diameters in high volume. Lead Times for Vulc-O-rings Price list Vulc-O-rings up to 100 pcs will be shipped within seven working days from receipt of order. Other volumes and sizes are available based on the application.

Materials ERIKS maintains a standard range of materials in compound form for speedy conversion into extruded cord. This is a different policy than of holding cord on the shelf. There are more and more clients asking for current quarter cure dates and this policy ensures that the gets this rather than cord which may have been on the shelf for longer. Other materials, colors and hardness’s may be possible to special manufacture. ERIKS with any requirements.

Viton A 60 514329 Viton A 75 514206

Viton A 75 Green 514306 Viton A 90 Black 514309

Aflas 70 223009 Aflas 90 223310

Viton A 75 FDA 514304 / Viton A 75 FDA 514172/3

Viton GF 75 514141 Viton GLT 75 Viton GFLT 75 514102

silicone 75 Red fda 714206 Fluorosilicone 70 Blue 614001 Fluorsilicone 80 614010

NBR 60 336304 NBR 75 366185 NBR 90 366303 NBR 75 fda 366302 XNBR 75 886390 HNBR 75 886301

Chloroprene 75 329302 Chloroprene 75 fda 329303

EPDM 75 559303 EPDM 75 fda 559187

Polyurethane 75


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16. Vulc-O-rings and O-ring Cords Rubber O-ring Cord The table shows the available stock cord dimensions and elastomers. Upon request cord in special elastomers or special dimensions can be supplied. Available materials: Nitrile NBR 70 Shore A, NBR 90 Shore A, Fluorocarbon FKM 70 Shore A, FKM 75 Shore A, Neoprene CR 60 Shore A, EPDM 70 Shore A, Silicone MVQ 60 Shore A, Polyurethane AU/EU 90

Shore A, and Para NR 40 Shore A. Other elastomers, hardnesses, or special colors can also be supplied. An O-ring splicing kit is available with the materials required for cold bonding of custom size O-rings. Please note that vulcanized or spliced O-rings are only recommended for static applications. For full information ask for the special brochure: Vulc-O-rings or the local ERIKS representative.

Rubber Cord

216

Cross section inch mm .063 1,60 .070 1,78 .079 2,00 .094 2,40 .098 2,50 .103 2,62 .118 3,00 .128 3,25 .139 3,53 .157 4,00 .177 4,50 .187 4,75 .197 5,00 .210 5,33 .224 5,70 .236 6,00 .250 6,35 .256 6,50 .276 7,00 .295 7,50 .315 8,00 .331 8,40 .354 9,00 .374 9,50 .394 10,00 .433 11,00 .472 12,00 .512 13,00 .551 14,00 .571 14,50 .591 15,00 .630 16,00 .669 17,00 .709 18,00 .787 20,00 .866 22,00 .906 23,00 .984 25,00 1.181 30,00 1.220 31,00 1.260 32,00 1.575 40,00

NR Para 40 Sh.A Tol.E2 brown X X X X X X X X X X X X

NBR Nitrile 70 Sh.A 90 Sh.A Tol.E1 Tol.E2 black black X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

Polyure- CR. thane Neoprene 90 Sh.A 60 Sh.A Tol.E2 Tol.E2 green white X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

EPDM 70 Sh.A Tol.E2 black X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

FKM fluorocarbon

MVQ Silicone

70 Sh.A 75 Sh.A 60 Sh.A 60 Sh.A Original 714 BF 714 THT 714 MP Viton FDA/BGA FDA/BGA Tol.E1 Tol.E1 Tol.E2 Tol.E2 black black transp. grey X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

60 Sh.A

Tol.E2 grey

X

X

X X

X X

X X

X X X


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17. O-ring Accessories We offer 14 different O-ring boxes in Nitrile 70, Nitrile 90 and Viton® 70; in metrical, AS- and Afnor-dimensions. We also have custom-made boxes developed for your aftermarket. For the maintenance department we offer several “helps” for better installation and identification (Rubber-indicator, measuring device, glues, hardness-indicator, (de)installation set).

O-ring Splicing Kit An O-ring splicing kit is a universal tool to prepare and repair cord rings. The Service Kit contains 15 feet (5 meter) of NBR 70 Shore A cord in various thicknesses: .070 inch (1,78 mm), 2 mm., .103 inch (2,62 mm), 3 mm, .139 inch (3,53 mm) , 4 mm, 5 mm, .210 inch (5,33 mm), 6 mm and .275 inch (7 mm). Also included is Sicomet glue, a cutting tool, a measuring tool, scour spray etc. It is possible to also supply the kit with Fluoroelastomer FKM cord instead of NBR. O-ring Cone With this Cone it is very easy to determine the AS-number of O-rings according to the AS-568A and metric standard. Pi-Tape Measuring tape With this metal measuring tape it is easy to determine the diameter of O-rings. There are two types: For diameters between 1 - 12 inches (20 - 300 mm), and for diameters 12 - 27 inches (300 - 700 mm). Installation Tools Tools for proper installation and disassembling of O-rings.


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18. O-ring Kits ERIKS offers a number of O-ring kits in NBR 70 Shore A, FKM 70 Shore A, and FKM 90 Shore A. These O-rings are in inch dimensions according AS 568A/BS 1806 and in metric dimensions according DIN 3771, SMS 1586, AFNOR 47501, and JISB2401. All O-rings are according DIN 3771/ISO 3601 tolerances. ERIKS also offers Quad-Ring®/X-Ring kits in NBR 70 Shore A. Type 1 • American/British standard AS 568. • 382 O-rings in the 30 most popular sizes. • Available in NBR 70° shore A.

Type 1 - American & British standard 20 x AS 006 2,9 x 1,78

20 x AS 007 3,69 x 1,78

20 x AS 008 4,47 x 1,78

20 x AS 009 5,18 x 1,78

20 x AS 010 6,07 x 1,78

20 x AS 011 7,65 x 1,78

20 x AS 012 9,25 x 1,78

13 x AS 110 9,20 x 2,62

13 x AS 111 10,78 x 2,62

13 x 13 x 13 x 13 x 13 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x AS 112 AS 113 AS 114 AS 115 AS 116 AS 210 AS 211 AS 212 AS 213 12,37 x 2,62 13,95 x 2,62 15,54 x 2,62 17,12 x 2,62 18,72 x 2,62 18,64 x 3,53 20,22 x 3,53 21,89 x 3,53 23,39 x 3,53 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x 10 x AS 214 AS 215 AS 216 AS 217 AS 218 AS 219 AS 220 AS 221 AS 222 24,99 x 3,53 26,57 x 3,53 28,17 x 3,53 29,74 x 3,53 31,34 x 3,53 34,52 x 3,53 34,52 x 3,53 36,09 x 3,53 37,69 x 3,53

7 x 7 x 7x AS 325 AS 326 AS 327 37,47 x 5,33 40,64 x 5,33 43,82 x 5,33

Type 2 • Metric standard DIN 3771. • 425 O-rings in 30 most popular sizes. • Available in NBR 70 Shore A.

Type 2 - Metric 18 x OR 3x2

18 x 18 x 18 x 17 x 17 x 17 x 14 x 14x 14x 14x 14x 14x 14x 12x OR 4x2 OR 5x2 OR 6x2 OR 7x2 OR 8x2 OR 10x2 OR10x2.5 OR11x2.5 OR12x2.5 OR14x2.5 OR16x2.5 OR17x2.5 OR19x2.5 OR19x3

12 x 12 x 12 x 12 x 12 x 12 x 12 x 12 x 12 x 12 x 12 x 12 x 9 x 9 x 9x OR 20x3 OR 22x3 OR 24x3 OR 25x3 OR 27x3 OR 28x3 OR 30x3 OR 32x3 OR 33x3 OR 35x3 OR 36x3 OR 38x3 OR 38x4 OR 42x4 OR 45x4


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18. O-ring Kits Type A • American/British standard AS 568. • 435 O-rings in 30 most popular sizes. • Available in NBR 70 Shore A, NBR 90 Shore A, or FKM 70 Shore A.

Type A - American & British standard

30 x 006 (2,90 x 1,78)

30 x 007 (3,69 x 1,78)

30 x 008 (4,47 x 1,78)

30 x 009 (5,28 x 1,78)

30 x 010 (6,07 x 1,78)

30 x 011 (7,65 x 1,78)

30 x 012 (9,25 x 1,78)

20 x 013 (10,82 x 1,78)

20 x 014 (12,42 x 1,78)

10 x 015 (14,0 x 1,78)

10 x 016 (15,60 x 1,78)

10 x 017 (17,17 x 1,78)

10 x 018 (18,77 x 1,78)

15 x 110 (9,20 x 2,62)

15 x 111 (10,78 x 2,62)

15 x 112 (12,37 x 2,62)

15 x 113 (13,95 x 2,62)

10 x 114 (15,54 x 2,62)

10 x 115 (17,12 x 2,62)

10 x 116 (18,72 x 2,62)

10 x 117 (20,30 x 2,62)

5x 118 (21,90 x 2,62)

5x 119 (23,47 x 2,62)

5x 210 (18,64 x 3,53)

5x 211 (20,22 x 3,53)

5 x 212 (21,82 x 3,53)

5 x 213 (23,39 x 3,53)

5 x 214 (24,99 x 3,53)

5 x 215 (26,57 x 3,53)

5x 216 (28,17 x 3,53)

Type B • American/British standard AS 568A/BS1806. • 295 O-rings in 24 most popular sizes (larger sizes than in Kit A). • Available in NBR 70 Shore A, NBR 90 Shore A, or FKM 70 Shore A.

Type B - American & British standard 15 x 019 (20,35 x 1,78)

15 x 020 (21,95 x 1,78)

15 x 120 (25,07 x 2,62)

15 x 121 (26,65 x 2,62)

15 x 122 (28,25 x 2,62)

15 x 123 (29,82 x 2,62)

15 x 124 (31,42 x 2,62)

15 x 125 (33,0 x 2,62)

15 x 126 (34,60 x 2,62)

15 x 217 (29,74 x 3,53)

15 x 218 (31,34 x 3,53)

15 x 219 (32,92 x 3,53)

15 x 220 (34,52 x 3,53)

10 x 221 (36,09 x 3,53)

10 x 222 (37,69 x 3,53)

10 x 223 (40,87 x 3,53)

10 x 224 (44,04 x 3,53)

10 x 225 (47,22 x 3,53)

10 x 226 (50,39 x 3,53)

10 x 325 (37,47 x 5,33)

10 x 326 (40,64 x 5,33)

10 x 327 (43,82 x 5,33)

5 x 328 (46,99 x 5,33)

5x 329 (50,17 x 5,33)


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18. O-ring Kits Type C • Metric standard DIN 3771. • 425 O-rings in the most popular sizes. • Available in NBR 70 Shore A or FKM 70 Shore A.

Type C - DIN Metric

20 x OR 6 x 2

20 x OR 8 x 2

20 x OR 10 x 2

20 x OR 12 x 2

20 x OR 3,3 x 2,4

20 x OR 4,3 x 2,4

20 x OR 5,3 x 2,4

20 x OR 6,3 x 2,4

20 x OR 7,3 x 2,4

20 x OR 8,3 x 2,4

20 x OR 9,3 x 2,4

15 x OR 10,3 x 2,4

15 x 15 x OR 11,3 x 2,4 OR 12,3 x 2,4

15 x OR 13,3 x 2,4

15 x OR 14,3 x 2,4

10 x OR 15,3 x 2,4

10 x 10 x OR 16,3 x 2,4 OR 17,3 x 2,4

10 x OR 12 x 3

10 x OR 14 x 3

10 x OR 16 x 3

10 x OR 18 x 3

5 x OR 20 x 3

5 x OR 22 x 3

5 x OR 24 x 3

5x OR 26,2 x 3

20 x OR 4 x 2

10 x OR 10 x 3

10 x OR 19,2 x 3

Type D • Metric standard DIN 3771. • 295 O-rings in the 24 most popular sizes (larger sizes than Type C). • Available in NBR 70 Shore A or FKM 70 Shore A.

Type D - DIN Metric 15 x OR 18 x 2

15 x OR 20 x 2

15 x 15 x OR 32,2 x 3 OR 34,2 x 3

15 x OR 25 x 3

15 x OR 26,2 x 3

15 x OR 28 x 3

15 x OR 29,2 x 3

15 x OR 36,2 x 3

15 x OR 30 x 4

15 x OR 32 x 4

15 x 34 x 4

15 x OR 35 x 4

10 x OR 38 x 4

10 x OR 40 x 4

10 x OR 42 x 4

10 x OR 45 x 4

10 x OR 46 x 4

10 x OR 48 x 4

10 x OR 35 x 5

5x OR 40 x 5

5x OR 45 x 5

5 x OR 48 x 5

5x OR 50 x 5


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18. O-ring Kits Type SV • Swedish Metric standard SMS1568. • 425 O-rings in the 30 most popular sizes. • Available in NBR 70 Shore A.

Type SV - Swedish Metric 20 x OR 8,1 x 1,6

20 x OR 9,1 x 1,6

20 x OR 10,1 x 1,6

20 x 20 x OR 11,1 x 1,6 OR 12,1 x 1,6

20 x OR 13,1 x 1,6

20 x OR 14,1 x 1,6

20 x OR 15,1 x 1,6

20 x OR 16,1 x 1,6

20 x OR 5,3 x 2,4

20 x OR 6,3 x 2,4

20 x OR 7,3 x 2,4

15 x OR 8,3 x 2,4

15 x OR 9,3 x 2,4

15 x OR 10,3 x 2,4

15 x OR 11,3 x 2,4

15 x OR 12,3 x 2,4

10 x OR 13,3 x 2,4

10 x 10 x OR 14,3 x 2,4 OR 15,3 x 2,4

10 x OR 16,3 x 2,4

10 x OR 17,3 x 2,4

10 x OR 19,2 x 3

10 x OR 22,2 x 3

10 x OR 24,2 x 3

10 x OR 26,2 x 3

5 x OR 29,2 x 3

5 x OR 32,2 x 3

5 x OR 34,2 x 3

5x OR 36,2 x 3

Type SV-2 • Swedish Metric standard SMS1568. • 210 O-rings in the 24 most popular sizes (larger sizes than Type SV). • Available in NBR 70 Shore A.

Type SV-2 - Swedish Metric

15 x

15 x

15 x

15 x

OR 15,3 x 2,4 OR 16,3 x 2,4 OR 17,3 x 2,4 OR 32,2 x 3

15 x

15 x

OR 34,2 x 3

OR 36,2 x 3

10 x

10 x

10 x

10 x

10 x

10 x

OR 39,2 x 3

OR 42,2 x 3

OR 44,2 x 3

OR 49,5 x 3

OR 54,5 x 3

OR 59,5 x 3

5 x

5 x

5 x

5 x

5 x

5x

OR 64,5 x 3

OR 69,5 x 3

OR 74,5 x 3

OR 79,5 x 3

OR 84,5 x 3

OR 89,5 x 3

5 x

5 x

5 x

5x

5 x

5 x

OR 94,5 x 3

OR 99,5 x 3

OR 104,5 x 3 OR 44,2 x 5,7 OR 49,2 x 5,7 OR 54,2 x 5,7


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18. O-ring Kits Type RI • French Metric standard AFNOR 47501. • 485 O-rings in the 15 most popular sizes. • Available in NBR 70 Shore A.

Type RI - French Metric

R0 2,4 x 1,9

R1 2,6 x 1,9

R2 3,4 x 1,9

R3 4,2 x 1

R4 4,9 x 1,9

R5 5,7 x 1,9

R6 7,2 x 1,9

R7 8,9 x 1,9

R8 8,9 x 2

R9 10,5 x 2,7

R10 12,1 x 2,7

R11 13,6 x 2,7

R12 15,1 x 2,7

R13 16,9 x 2,7

R14 18,4 x 2,7

Type RII • French Metric standard AFNOR 47501. • 295 O-rings in the 24 most popular sizes (larger sizes than Type RI). • Available in NBR 70 Shore A.

Type RII - French Metric R10 12,1 x 2,7

R11 13,6 x 2,7

R12 15,1 x 2,7

R13 16,9 x 2,7

R14 18,4 x 2,7

R15 18,3 x 3,6

R16 19,8 x 3,6

R17 21,3 x 3,6

R18 23 x 3,6

R19 24,6 x 3,6

R20 26,2 x 3,6

R21 27,8 x 3,6

R22 29,3 x 3,6

R23 30,8 x 3,6

R24 32,5 x 3,6

R25 34,1 x 3,6

R26 35,6 x 3,6

R27 37,3 x 3,6

R28 R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 37,47 x 5,33 40,64 x 5,33 43,82 x 5,33 46,99 x 5,33 50,17 x 5,33 53,34 x 5,33


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19. Quad-Rings®/ X-Rings The sealing principle of the Quad-Ring®/X-Ring is nearly the same as the O-ring sealing. The initial sealing is achieved by the diametrical squeeze in a right angled groove. The system pressure itself creates a positive sealing force. Following are some advantages of Quad-Rings®/X-Rings: • With Quad-Rings®/X-Rings the standard grooves are deeper in comparison with O-ring glands. So the diametrical squeeze is lower than with O-rings. This makes dynamic sealing possible with reduced friction. • The four lips of the Quad-Ring®/X-Ring create more sealing capacity and at the same time a groove for lubrication, which is very favorable for dynamic sealing. • The most important advantage of the Quad-Ring®/X-Ring is the high stability for dynamic applications. In the situation that an O-ring rolls in the groove and creates torsion, a Quad-Ring®/ X-Ring will slide with no negative results. • More resistant to spiral failure.

Note 1: It is recommended, especially for dynamic seals, to use the Quad-Ring®/X-Ring with the largest possible cross section or thickness because thicker rings can withstand more tolerance variance. A 4-inch I.D. (100 mm) Quad-Ring®/X-Ring is available with cross sections of .070 (1,78 mm), .103 (2,62 mm), .139 (3,53 mm), and .210 (5,33 mm). For dynamic applications use, if there is room, the largest cross section available (.210 / 5,33 mm). Note 2: Because Quad-Ring®/X-Ring glands have deeper grooves than O-rings, standard O-ring back-up rings cannot be used. The actual groove dimensions are needed to supply the correct sized machined back-up ring. Note 3: Use FKM Quad-Rings®/X-Rings with minimum stretch because FKM Quad-Rings®/X-Rings have a smaller tolerance range than NBR Quad-Rings®/X-Rings.

Standard cross sections of Quad-Rings®/X-Rings Application Range from vacuum to 6000 psi (400 bar, 40 MPa.). Over 750 psi (50 bar, 5 MPa.) when used in connection with back-up-rings. Speeds up to 1.6 ft/s (0.5 m/sec.) (reciprocating). Surface finish is the same as with O-ring applications. See page 7. The temperature range is from -50°C up to +200°C (-60°F up to + 400°F ) depending on the elastomer or compound. As with O-rings, many Quad-Rings®/X-Rings are manufactured according the American Standards with inch dimensions and AS. numbers. To order Quad-Rings®/X-Rings, add a "4" as a prefix to the O-ring’s number.


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19. A. Gland Designs for Quad-Rings®/X-Rings Dynamic Applications with Quad-Rings®/X-Rings Spiral failure sometimes occurs on reciprocating O-rings. The conditions which cause this type of failure are those which cause segments of the O- ring to slide and other segments to roll simultaneously. The twisted seal is forced by the pressure into the sharp corner at the clearance gap. Rapid stress-aging can cause a rupture of the O-ring to start adjacent to the clearance gap. Motion of the O-ring causes the rupture to penetrate about half way through the cross section. Thus, when the O-ring is removed from the gland, it returns to its original shape and the rupture appears as a tight spiral around the cross section. One of the primary causes of spiral failure is by reciprocating speeds of less than one foot (0,3 m) per minute and on low or balanced pressure components. At this low speed, the sliding, or running, seal friction is very high relative to the break-out friction.

Therefore O-ring seals are not recommended for speeds less than 1 foot (0,3 m) per minute when the pressure difference is less than 400 psi (27,5 bar). A good solution to avoid spiral failure is the use of Quad-Rings®/X-Rings. Quad-Rings®/X-Rings are used in many dynamic applications where O-rings provide less than satisfactory performance. The Quad-Ring®/X-Ring is a four lobed seal. They are designed for improved seal lubrication and to prevent rolling of the seal, or spiral failure. Quad-Rings®/X-Rings are dimensionally the same size corresponding to US standard AS568 O-ring numbers. Groove dimensions for the Quad-Rings®/X-Rings are slightly different however, as less squeeze is required on the seal. Less squeeze means less friction and less wear on the seal.

Fig 1-36

W

Fig 1-37

Fig. 1-36

Fig. 1-37


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19. A. Gland Designs for Quad-Rings®/X-Rings Quad-Rings®/X-Rings Gland Design Static/Dynamic (INCHES) The following table shows the groove dimensions for Quad-Rings®/ X-Rings. • If the Quad-Ring®/X-Ring swells in the application, the groove width can be enlarged up to 15% max. • For the Quad-Rings®/X-Rings not listed, the groove dimensions are available upon request.

d w

Quad-Ring®/X-Ring dimensions

Table AS.8A Gland Dimensions (inches) Quad-Ring® / Cross section Depth Width ** Radius X-Ring Size *** W Dynamic E1 Static E2 No backup With Backup With Backup R ring F+ .008 ring F1+ .008 ring F2+ .008 4001 .040 ± .003 .031 ± .001 .030 ± .001 .047 - - .004 4002 .050 ± .003 .039 ± .001 .035 ± .001 .055 - - .006 4003 .060 ± .003 .051 ± .001 .047 ± .001 .067 - - .010 4003 1/2 .040 ± .003 .031 ± .001 .030 ± .001 .047 - - .004 4004 - 4050 .070 ± .003 .061 ± .001 .056 ± .001 .080 .140 .200 .010 4102 - 4178 .103 ± .003 .094 ± .001 .089 ± .001 .115 .170 .230 .015 4201 - 4284 .139 ± .004 .128 ± .001 .122 ± .001 .155 .210 .270 .015 4309 - 4395 .210 ± .005 .196 ± .001 .188 ± .001 .240 .310 .375 .020 4425 - 4475 .275 ± .006 .256 ± .001 .244 ± .001 .310 .410 .510 .020

Max. Ø Clearance S max. .002 .002 .003 .002 .004 .006 .006 .008 .008

Note: (**) In case of exceptional bending of the rod or shaft, the diameter of the bottom of the groove can be adjusted both in case of vacuum and high pressure. (***) Similar to O-rings, the Quad-Rings®/X-Rings need a squeeze of 10 to 15%. For critical applications in combination with small cross sections it is recommended to compare squeeze with the actual dimensions and tolerances.


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19. A. Gland Designs for Quad-Rings®/X-Rings Quad-Rings®/X-Rings Gland Design Static/Dynamic (METRIC) The following table shows the groove dimensions for Quad-Rings®/ X-Rings. • If the Quad-Ring®/X-Ring swells in the application, the groove width can be enlarged up to 15% max. • For the Quad-Rings®/X-Rings not listed, the groove dimensions are available upon request.

d w

Quad-Ring®/X-Ring dimensions

Table AS.8A Gland Dimensions (millimeters) Quad-Ring® / Cross section Depth Width ** Radius X-Ring Size *** W Dynamic E1 Static E2 No backup With Backup With Backup R ring F+ 0,2 ring F1+ 0,2 ring F2 + 0,2 4001 1,02 + 0,08 0,8 + 0,025 0,75 + 0,025 1,2 - - 0,1 4002 1,27 + 0,08 1,0 + 0,025 0,9 + 0,025 1,4 - - 0,15 4003 1,52 + 0,08 1,3 + 0,025 1,2 + 0,025 1,7 - - 0,25 4003 1/2 1,02 + 0,08 0,8 + 0,025 0,75 + 0,025 1,2 - - 0,1 4004 - 4050 1,78 + 0,08 1,55 + 0,025 1,4 + 0,025 2,0 3,5 5,0 0,25 4102 - 4178 2,62 + 0,08 2,35 + 0,025 2,25 + 0,025 3,0 4,4 5,8 0,4 4201 - 4284 3,53 + 0,1 3,25 + 0,025 3,0 + 0,025 4,0 5,4 6,8 0,4 4309 - 4395 5,33 + 0,13 4,95 + 0,05 4,75 + 0,05 6,0 7,8 9,5 0,6 4425 - 4475 7,00 + 0,15 6,50 + 0,05 6,2 + 0,05 8,0 10,5 13,0 0,6

Max. Ø Clearance S max. 0,05 0,05 0,08 0,05 0,10 0,15 0,15 0,20 0,20

Other dimensions and elastomers are available upon request.

Note: (**) In case of exceptional bending of the rod or shaft, the diameter of the bottom of the groove can be adjusted both in case of vacuum and high pressure. (***) Similar to O-rings, the Quad-Rings®/X-Rings need a squeeze of 10 to 15%. For critical applications in combination with small cross sections it is recommended to compare squeeze with the actual dimensions and tolerances.


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19. B. Precision Quad-Rings®/X-Rings Standard Sizes Nominal and Actual Dimensions The following tables include nominal and actual dimensions, reflecting a slight built-in size reduction for effective sealing. Tolerances The standard seal tooling is dimensioned to the shrink characteristics of the standard NBR 70 hardness compound 36624. Because every rubber compound has its own shrink characteristics, slight deviations in dimensional tolerances will occur when standard seal tooling is used with materials other than the 36624 compound. The majority of the cases encountered involve rubber compounds with a higher shrink factor like a fluoroelastomer, resulting in an undersized seal. A slight adjustment in groove dimension may be required. Please the ERIKS Applications Engineers for tolerances when specifying materials other than the 36624 compound.

d w

Quad-Ring® / X-Ring dimensions


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19. B. Precision Quad-Rings®/X-Rings Standard Sizes Standard Quad-Ring® / X-Ring Sizes

228

Size Only Part nr.

Rod

Bore

4001 4002 4003 4003 1/2 4004 4005 4006 4007 4008 4009 4010 4011 4012 4013 4014 4015 4016 4017 4018 4019 4020 4021 4022 4023 4024 4025 4026 4027 4028 4029 4030 4031 4032 4033 4034 4035 4036 4037 4038 4039 4040 4041 4042 4043 4044 4045 4046 4047 4048 4049 4050

.031 .046 .062 .078 .078 .109 .125 .156 .187 .218 .250 .312 .375 .437 .500 .562 .625 .687 .750 .812 .875 .937 1.000 1.062 1.125 1.187 1.250 1.312 1.375 1.500 1.625 1.750 1.875 2.000 2.125 2.250 2.375 2.500 2.625 2.750 2.875 3.000 3.250 3.500 3.750 4.000 4.250 4.500 4.750 5.000 5.250

.093 .125 .156 .141 .203 .234 .250 .281 .312 .343 .375 .437 .500 .562 .625 .687 .750 .812 .875 .937 1.000 1.062 1.125 1.187 1.250 1.312 1.375 1.437 1.500 1.625 1.750 1.875 2.000 2.125 2.250 2.375 2.500 2.625 2.750 2.875 3.000 3.125 3.375 3.625 3.875 4.125 4.375 4.625 4.875 5.125 5.375

Nominal Sizes ID (in) C/S (in)

ID (in)

+/-

ID(mm)

1/32 3/64 1/16 1/16 5/64 3/32 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16 1 1-1/16 1-1/8 1-3/16 1-1/4 1-5/16 1-3/8 1-1/2 1-5/8 1-3/4 1-7/8 2 2-1/8 2-1/4 2-3/8 2-1/2 2-5/8 2-3/4 2-7/8 3 3-1/4 3-1/2 3-3/4 4 4-1/4 4-3/4 4-3/4 5 5-1/4

.029 .042 .056 .070 .070 .101 .114 .145 .176 .208 .239 .301 .364 .426 .489 .551 .614 .676 .739 .801 .864 .926 .989 1.051 1.114 1.176 1.239 1.301 1.364 1.489 1.614 1.739 1.864 1.989 2.114 2.239 2.364 2.489 2.614 2.739 2.864 2.989 3.239 3.489 3.739 3.989 4.239 4.489 4.739 4.989 5.239

.004 .004 .004 .004 .005 .005 .005 .005 .005 .005 .005 .005 .005 .005 .005 .007 .009 .009 .009 .009 .009 .009 .010 .010 .010 .011 .011 .011 .013 .013 .013 .015 .015 .018 .018 .018 .018 .018 .020 .020 .020 .024 .024 .024 .027 .027 .030 .030 .030 .037 .037

0,74 1,07 1,42 1,78 1,78 2,57 2,90 3,68 4,47 5,28 6,07 7,65 9,25 10,82 12,42 14,00 15,60 17,17 18,77 20,35 21,95 23,52 25,12 26,70 28,23 29,87 31,47 33,05 34,65 37,82 41,00 44,17 47,35 50,52 53,70 56,87 60,05 63,22 66,40 69,57 72,75 75,92 82,27 88,62 94,97 101,32 107,67 114,02 120,37 126,72 133,07

1/32 3/64 1/16 1/32 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16 1/16

Actual Sizes +/- C/S (in)

0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,18 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,23 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,28 0,28 0,28 0,33 0,33 0,33 0,38 0,38 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,46 0,51 0,51 0,51 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,69 0,69 0,76 0,76 0,76 0,94 0.94

.040 .050 .060 .040 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070

+/-

C/S (mm)

+/-

.003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003

1,02 1,27 1,52 1,02 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78

0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08


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19. B. Precision Quad-Rings®/X-Rings Standard Sizes Standard Quad-Ring® / X-Ring Sizes Size Only Part nr.

4102 4103 4104 4105 4106 4107 4108 4109 4110 4111 4112 4113 4114 4115 4116 4117 4118 4119 4120 4121 4122 4123 4124 4125 4126 4127 4128 4129 4130 4131 4132 4133 4134 4135 4136 4137 4138 4139 4140 4141 4142 4143 4144 4145 4146 4147 4148 4149 4150 4151 4152

Rod

Bore

.062 .094 .125 .156 .187 .219 .250 .312 .375 .437 .500 .562 .625 .687 .750 .812 .875 .937 1.000 1.062 1.125 1.187 1.250 1.312 1.375 1.437 1.500 1.562 1.625 1.687 1.750 1.812 1.875 1.938 2.000 2.063 2.125 2.188 2.250 2.313 2.375 2.438 2.500 2.563 2.625 2.688 2.750 2.813 2.875 3.000 3.250

.250 .281 .312 .343 .375 .406 .437 .500 .562 .625 .687 .750 .812 .875 .937 1.000 1.062 1.125 1.187 1.250 1.312 1.375 1.437 1.500 1.562 1.625 1.687 1.750 1.812 1.875 1.937 2.000 2.062 2.125 2.187 2.250 2.312 2.375 2.437 2.500 2.562 2.625 2.687 2.750 2.812 2.875 2.937 3.000 3.062 3.187 3.437


1/16 3/32 1/8 5/32 3/16 7/32 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3/4 13/16 7/8 15/16 1 1-1/16 1-1/8 1-3/16 1-1/4 1-5/16 1-3/8 1-7/16 1-1/2 1-9/16 1-5/8 1-11/16 1-3/4 1-13/16 1-7/8 1-15/16 2 2-1/16 2-1/8 2-3/16 2-1/4 2-6/16 2-3/8 2-7/16 2-1/2 2-9/16 2-5/8 2-11/16 2-3/4 2-13/16 2-7/8 3 3-1/4

3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32 3/32

ID (in)

+/-

ID(mm)

.049 .081 .112 .143 .174 .206 .237 .299 .362 .424 .487 .549 .612 .674 .737 .799 .862 .924 .987 1.049 1.112 1.174 1.237 1.299 1.362 1.424 1.487 1.549 1.612 1.674 1.737 1.799 1.862 1.925 1.987 2.050 2.112 2.175 2.237 2.300 2.362 2.425 2.487 2.550 2.612 2.675 2.737 2.800 2.862 2.987 3.237

.005 .005 .005 .005 .005 .005 .005 .005 .005 .005 .005 .007 .009 .009 .009 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010 .010 .012 .012 .012 .012 .012 .012 .015 .015 .015 .015 .015 .015 .017 .017 .017 .017 .017 .017 .020 .020 .020 .020 .020 .020 .022 .022 .022 .022 .024 .024

1,24 2,06 2,85 3,63 4,42 5,23 6,02 7,60 9,20 10,77 12,37 13,95 15,55 17,12 18,72 20,30 21,90 23,47 25,07 26,65 28,25 29,82 31,42 33,00 34,60 36,17 37,77 39,35 41,00 42,52 44,12 45,70 47,30 48,90 50,47 52,07 53,65 55,25 56,82 58,42 60,00 61,60 63,17 64,77 66,34 67,95 69,52 71,12 72,70 75,87 82,22


0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,18 0,23 0,23 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,25 0,31 0,31 0,31 0,31 0,31 0,31 0,38 0,38 0,38 0,38 0,38 0,38 0,43 0,43 0,43 0,43 0,43 0,43 0,51 0,51 0,51 0,51 0,51 0,51 0,56 0,56 0,56 0,56 0,61 0,61

.103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103 .103

+/-

C/S (mm)

+/-

.003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003 .003

2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62 2,62

0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08


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229



230

Rod

Bore


ID (in)

+/-

ID(mm)


+/-

C/S (mm)

4153 3.500 3.687 3-1/2 3/32 3.487 .024 88,57 0,61 .103 .003 2,62 4154 3.750 3.937 3-3/4 3/32 3.737 .028 94,92 0,71 .103 .003 2,62 4155 4.000 4.187 4 3/32 3.987 .028 101,27 0,71 .103 .003 2,62 4156 4.250 4.437 4-1/4 3/32 4.237 .030 107,62 0,76 .103 .003 2,62 4157 4.500 4.687 4-1/2 3/32 4.487 .030 113,97 0,76 .103 .003 2,62 4158 4.750 4.937 4-3/4 3/32 4.737 .030 120,32 0,76 .103 .003 2,62 4159 5.000 5.187 5 3/32 4.987 .035 126,67 0,89 .103 .003 2,62 4160 5.250 5.437 5-1/4 3/32 5.237 .035 133,02 0,89 .103 .003 2,62 4161 5.500 5.687 5-1/2 3/32 5.487 .035 139,37 0,89 .103 .003 2,62 4162 5.750 5.937 5-3/4 3/32 5.737 .035 145,72 0,89 .103 .003 2,62 4163 6.000 6.187 6 3/32 5.987 .035 152,07 0,89 .103 .003 2,62 4164 6.250 6.437 6-1/4 3/32 6.237 .040 158,42 1,02 .103 .003 2,62 4165 6.500 6.687 6-1/2 3/32 6.487 .040 164,77 1,02 .103 .003 2,62 4166 6.750 6.937 6-3/4 3/32 6.737 .040 171,12 1,02 .103 .003 2,62 4167 7.000 7.187 7 3/32 6.987 .040 177,47 1,02 .103 .003 2,62 4168 7.250 7.437 7-1/4 3/32 7.237 .045 183,82 1,14 .103 .003 2,62 4169 7.500 7.687 7-1/2 3/32 7.487 .045 190,17 1,14 .103 .003 2,62 4170 7.750 7.937 7-3/4 3/32 7.737 .045 196,52 1,14 .103 .003 2,62 4171 8.000 8.187 8 3/32 7.987 .045 202,87 1,14 .103 .003 2,62 4172 8.250 8.437 8-1/4 3/32 8.237 .050 209,22 1,27 .103 .003 2,62 4173 8.500 8.687 8-1/2 3/32 8.487 .050 215,57 1,27 .103 .003 2,62 4174 8.750 8.937 8-3/4 3/32 8.737 .050 221,92 1,27 .103 .003 2,62 4175 9.000 9.187 9 3/32 8.987 .050 228,27 1,27 .103 .003 2,62 4176 9.250 9.437 9-1/4 3/32 9.237 055 234,62 1,40 .103 .003 2,62 4177 9.500 9.687 9-1/2 3/32 9.487 055 240,97 1,40 .103 .003 2,62 4178 9.750 9.937 9-3/4 3/32 9.737 .055 247,32 1,40 .103 .003 2,62 4201 .187 .437 3/16 1/8 .171 .005 4,34 0,13 .139 .004 3,53 4202 .250 .500 1/4 1/8 .234 .005 5,94 0,13 .139 .004 3,53 4203 .312 .562 5/16 1/8 .296 .005 7,52 0,13 .139 .004 3,53 4204 .375 .625 3/8 1/8 .359 .005 9,12 0,13 .139 .004 3,53 4205 .437 .687 7/16 1/8 .421 .005 10,69 0,13 .139 .004 3,53 4206 .500 .750 1/2 1/8 .484 .005 12,29 0,13 .139 .004 3,53 4207 .562 .812 9/16 1/8 .546 .007 13,87 0,18 .139 .004 3,53 4208 .625 .875 5/8 1/8 .609 .009 15,47 0,23 .139 .004 3,53 4209 .687 .937 11/16 1/8 .671 .009 17,04 0,23 .139 .004 3,53 4210 .750 1.000 3/4 1/8 .734 .010 18,64 0,25 .139 .004 3,53 4211 .812 1.062 13/16 1/8 .796 .010 20,22 0,25 .139 .004 3,53 4212 .875 1.125 7/8 1/8 .859 .010 21,82 0,25 .139 .004 3,53 4213 .937 1.187 15/16 1/8 .921 .010 23,39 0,25 .139 .004 3,53 4214 1.000 1.250 1 1/8 .984 .010 24,99 0,25 .139 .004 3,53 4215 1.062 1.312 1-1/16 1/8 1.046 .010 26,57 0,25 .139 .004 3,53 4216 1.125 1.375 1-1/8 1/8 1.109 .012 28,17 0,31 .139 .004 3,53 4217 1.187 1.437 1-3/16 1/8 1.171 .012 29,74 0,31 .139 .004 3,53 4218 1.250 1.500 1-1/4 1/8 1.234 .012 31,34 0,31 .139 .004 3,53 4219 1.312 1.562 1-5/16 1/8 1.296 .012 32,92 0,31 .139 .004 3,53 4220 1.375 1.625 1-3/8 1/8 1.359 .012 34,52 0,31 .139 .004 3,53 4221 1.437 1.687 1-7/16 1/8 1.421 .012 36,09 0,31 .139 .004 3,53 4222 1.500 1.750 1-1/2 1/8 1.484 .015 37,69 0,38 .139 .004 3,53 4223 1.625 1.875 1-5/8 1/8 1.609 .015 40,87 0,38 .139 .004 3,53 4224 1.750 2.000 1-3/4 1/8 1.734 .015 44,04 0,38 .139 .004 3,53

+/-

0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,08 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10


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4225 4226 4227 4228 4229 4230 4231 4232 4233 4234 4235 4236 4237 4238 4239 4240 4241 4242 4243 4244 4245 4246 4247 4248 4249 4250 4251 4252 4253 4254 4255 4256 4257 4258 4259 4260 4261 4262 4263 4264 4265 4266 4267 4268 4269 4270 4271 4272 4273 4274 4275

Rod

Bore

1.875 2.000 2.125 2.250 2.375 2.500 2.625 2.750 2.875 3.000 3.125 3.250 3.375 3.500 3.625 3.750 3.875 4.000 4.125 4.250 4.375 4.500 4.625 4.750 4.875 5.000 5.125 5.250 5.375 5.500 5.625 5.750 5.875 6.000 6.250 6.500 6.750 7.000 7.250 7.500 7.750 8.000 8.250 8.500 8.750 9.000 9.250 9.500 9.750 10.000 10.500

2.125 2.250 2.675 2.500 2.625 2.750 2.875 3.000 3.125 3.250 3.375 3.500 3.625 2.750 3.875 4.000 4.125 4.250 4.375 4.500 4.625 4.750 4.875 5.000 5.125 5.250 5.375 5.500 5.625 5.750 5.875 6.000 6.125 6.250 6.500 6.750 7.000 7.250 7.500 7.750 8.000 8.250 8.500 8.750 9.000 9.250 9.500 9.750 10.000 10.250 10.750


ID (in)

+/-

ID(mm)

1-7/8 2 2-1/8 2-1/4 2-3/8 2-1/2 2-5/8 2-3/4 2-7/8 3 3-1/8 3-1/4 3-3/8 3-1/2 3-5/8 3-3/4 3-7/8 4 4-1/8 4-1/4 4-3/8 4-1/2 4-5/8 4-3/4 4-7/8 5 5-1/8 5-1/4 5-3/8 5-1/2 5-5/8 5-3/4 5-7/8 6 6-1/4 6-1/2 6-3/4 7 7-1/4 7-1/2 7-3/4 8 8-1/4 8-1/2 8-3/4 9 9-1/4 9-1/2 9-3/4 10 10-1/2

1.859 1.984 2.109 2.234 2.359 2.484 2.609 2.734 2.859 2.984 3.109 3.234 3.359 3.484 3.609 3.734 3.859 3.984 4.109 4.234 4.359 4.484 4.609 4.734 4.859 4.984 5.109 5.234 5.359 5.484 5.609 5.734 5.859 5.984 6.234 6.484 6.734 6.984 7.234 7.484 7.734 7.984 8.234 8.484 8.734 8.984 9.234 9.484 9.734 9.984 10.484

.018 .018 .018 .020 .020 .020 .020 .024 .024 .024 .024 .024 .024 .024 .028 .028 .028 .028 .028 .030 .030 .030 .030 .030 .035 .035 .035 .035 .035 .035 .035 .035 .035 .035 .040 .040 .040 .040 .045 .045 .045 .045 .050 .050 .050 .050 .055 .055 .055 .055 .055

47,22 50,39 53,57 56,74 59,92 63,09 66,27 69,44 72,62 75,79 78,97 82,14 85,32 88,49 91,67 94,84 98,02 101,19 104,37 107,54 110,72 113,89 117,07 120,24 123,42 126,59 129,77 132,94 136,12 139,29 142,47 145,64 148,82 151,99 158,34 164,69 171,04 177,39 183,74 190,10 196,44 202,79 209,14 215,49 221,84 228,19 234,54 240,89 247,24 253,59 266,29

1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8 1/8


0,46 0,46 0,46 0,51 0,51 0,51 0,51 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,61 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,71 0,76 0,76 0,76 0,76 0,76 0,89 0,89 0,89 0,89 0,89 0,89 0,89 0,89 0,89 0,89 1,02 1,02 1,02 1,02 1,14 1,14 1,14 1,14 1,27 1,27 1,27 1,27 1,40 1,40 1,40 1,40 1,40

.139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139 .139

+/-

C/S (mm)

+/-

.004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004 .004

3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53 3,53

0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10


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231



232

Rod

Bore


ID (in)

+/-

ID(mm)


+/-

C/S (mm)

4276 11.000 11.250 11 1/8 10.984 .065 278,99 1,65 .139 .004 3,53 4277 11.500 11.750 11-1/2 1/8 11.484 .065 291,69 1,65 .139 .004 3,53 4278 12.000 12.250 12 1/8 11.984 .065 304,39 1,65 .139 .004 3,53 4279 13.000 13.250 13 1/8 12.984 .065 329,79 1,65 .139 .004 3,53 4280 14.000 14.250 14 1/8 13.984 .065 355,19 1,65 .139 .004 3,53 4281 15.000 15.250 15 1/8 14.984 .065 380,59 1,65 .139 .004 3,53 4282 16.000 16.250 16 1/8 15.955 .075 405,26 1,91 .139 .004 3,53 4283 17.000 17.250 17 1/8 16.955 .080 430,66 2,03 .139 .004 3,53 4284 18.000 18.250 18 1/8 17.955 .085 456,06 2,16 .139 .004 3,53 4309 .437 .812 7/16 3/16 .412 .005 10,47 0,13 .210 .005 5,33 4310 .500 .875 1/2 3/16 .475 .005 12,07 0,13 .210 .005 5,33 4311 .562 .937 9/16 3/16 .537 .007 13,64 0,18 .210 .005 5,33 4312 .625 1.000 5/8 3/16 .600 .009 15,24 0,23 .210 .005 5,33 4313 .687 1.062 11/16 3/16 .662 .009 16,82 0,23 .210 .005 5,33 4314 .750 1.125 3/4 3/16 .725 .010 18,42 0,25 .210 .005 5,33 4315 .812 1.187 13/16 3/16 .787 .010 19,99 0,25 .210 .005 5,33 4316 .875 1.250 7/8 3/16 .850 .010 21,59 0,25 .210 .005 5,33 4317 .937 1.312 15/16 3/16 .912 .010 23,17 0,25 .210 .005 5,33 4318 1.000 1.375 1 3/16 .975 .010 24,77 0,25 .210 .005 5,33 4319 1.062 1.437 1-1/16 3/16 1.037 .010 26,34 0,25 .210 .005 5,33 4320 1.125 1.500 1-1/8 3/16 1.100 .012 27,94 0,31 .210 .005 5,33 4321 1.187 1.562 1-3/16 3/16 1.162 .012 29,52 0,31 .210 .005 5,33 4322 1.250 1.625 1-1/4 3/16 1.225 .012 31,12 0,31 .210 .005 5,33 4323 1.312 1.687 1-5/16 3/16 1.287 .012 32,69 0,31 .210 .005 5,33 4324 1.375 1.750 1-3/8 3/16 1.350 .012 34,29 0,31 .210 .005 5,33 4325 1.500 1.875 1-1/2 3/16 1.475 .015 37,47 0,38 .210 .005 5,33 4326 1.625 2.000 1-5/8 3/16 1.600 .015 40,64 0,38 .210 .005 5,33 4327 1.750 2.125 1-3/4 3/16 1.725 .015 43,82 0,38 .210 .005 5,33 4328 1.875 2.250 1-7/8 3/16 1.850 .015 46,99 0,38 .210 .005 5,33 4329 2.000 2.375 2 3/16 1.975 .018 50,17 0,46 .210 .005 5,33 4330 2.125 2.500 2-1/8 3/16 2.100 .018 53,34 0,46 .210 .005 5,33 4331 2.250 2.625 2-1/4 3/16 2.225 .018 56,52 0,46 .210 .005 5,33 4332 2.375 2.750 2-3/8 3/16 2.350 .018 59,69 0,46 .210 .005 5,33 4333 2.500 2.875 2-1/2 3/16 2.475 .020 62,87 0,51 .210 .005 5,33 4334 2.625 3.000 2-5/8 3/16 2.600 .020 66,04 0,51 .210 .005 5,33 4335 2.750 3.125 2-3/4 3/16 2.725 .020 69,22 0,51 .210 .005 5,33 4336 2.875 3.250 2-7/8 3/16 2.850 .020 72,39 0,51 .210 .005 5,33 4337 3.000 3.375 3 3/16 2.975 .024 75,57 0,61 .210 .005 5,33 4338 3.125 3.500 3-1/8 3/16 3.100 .024 78,74 0,61 .210 .005 5,33 4339 3.250 3.625 3-1/4 3/16 3.225 .024 81,92 0,61 .210 .005 5,33 4340 3.375 3.750 3-3/8 3/16 3.350 .024 85,09 0,61 .210 .005 5,33 4341 3.500 3.875 3-1/2 3/16 3.475 .024 88,27 0,61 .210 .005 5,33 4342 3.625 4.000 3-5/8 3/16 3.600 .028 91,44 0,71 .210 .005 5,33 4343 3.750 4.125 3-3/4 3/16 3.725 .028 94,62 0,71 .210 .005 5,33 4344 3.875 4.250 3-7/8 3/16 3.850 .028 97,79 0,71 .210 .005 5,33 4345 4.000 4.375 4 3/16 3.975 .028 100,97 0,71 .210 .005 5,33 4346 4.125 4.500 4-1/8 3/16 4.100 .028 104,14 0,71 .210 .005 5,33 4347 4.250 4.625 4-1/4 3/16 4.225 .030 107,32 0,76 .210 .005 5,33 4348 4.375 4.750 4-3/8 3/16 4.350 .030 110,49 0,76 .210 .005 5,33 4349 4.500 4.875 4-1/2 3/16 4.475 .030 113,67 0,76 .210 .005 5,33

+/-

0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,10 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13


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Rod

Bore


ID (in)

+/-

ID(mm)


+/-

C/S (mm)

4350 4.625 5.000 4-5/8 3/16 4.600 .030 116,84 0,76 .210 .005 5,33 4351 4.750 5.125 4-3/4 3/16 4.725 .030 120,02 0,76 .210 .005 5,33 4352 4.875 5.250 4-7/8 3/16 4.850 .030 123,19 0,76 .210 .005 5,33 4353 5.000 5.375 5 3/16 4.975 .037 126,37 0,94 .210 .005 5,33 4354 5.125 5.500 5-1/8 3/16 5.100 .037 129,54 0,94 .210 .005 5,33 4355 5.250 5.625 5-1/4 3/16 5.225 .037 132,72 0,94 .210 .005 5,33 4356 5.375 5.750 5-3/8 3/16 5.350 .037 135,89 0,94 .210 .005 5,33 4357 5.500 5.875 5-1/2 3/16 5.475 .037 139,07 0,94 .210 .005 5,33 4358 5.625 6.000 5-5/8 3/16 5.600 .037 142,24 0,94 .210 .005 5,33 4359 5.750 6.125 5-3/4 3/16 5.725 .037 145,42 0,94 .210 .005 5,33 4360 5.875 6.250 5-7/8 3/16 5.850 .037 148,59 0,94 .210 .005 5,33 4361 6.000 6.375 6 3/16 5.975 .037 151,77 0,94 .210 .005 5,33 4362 6.250 6.625 6-1/4 3/16 6.225 .040 158,12 1,02 .210 .005 5,33 4363 6.500 6.875 6-1/2 3/16 6.475 .040 164,47 1,02 .210 .005 5,33 4364 6.750 7.125 6-3/4 3/16 6.725 .040 170,82 1,02 .210 .005 5,33 4365 7.000 7.375 7 3/16 6.975 .040 177,17 1,02 .210 .005 5,33 4366 7.250 7.625 7-1/4 3/16 7.225 .045 183,52 1,14 .210 .005 5,33 4367 7.500 7.875 7-1/2 3/16 7.475 .045 189,87 1,14 .210 .005 5,33 4368 7.750 8.125 7-3/4 3/16 7.725 .045 196,22 1,14 .210 .005 5,33 4369 8.000 8.375 8 3/16 7.975 .045 202,57 1,14 .210 .005 5,33 4370 8.250 8.625 8-1/4 3/16 8.225 .050 208,92 1,27 .210 .005 5,33 4371 8.500 8.875 8-1/2 3/16 8.475 .050 215,27 1,27 .210 .005 5,33 4372 8.750 9.125 8-3/4 3/16 8.725 .050 221,62 1,27 .210 .005 5,33 4373 9.000 9.375 9 3/16 8.975 .050 227,97 1,27 .210 .005 5,33 4374 9.250 9.625 9-1/4 3/16 9.225 .055 234,32 0,14 .210 .005 5,33 4375 9.500 9.875 9-1/2 3/16 9.475 .055 240,67 0,14 .210 .005 5,33 4376 9.750 10.125 9-3/4 3/16 9.725 .055 247,02 0,14 .210 .005 5,33 4377 10.000 10.375 10 3/16 9.975 .055 253,37 0,14 .210 .005 5,33 4378 10.500 10.875 10-1/2 3/16 10.475 .060 266,07 1,52 .210 .005 5,33 4379 11.000 11.375 11 3/16 10.975 .060 278,77 1,52 .210 .005 5,33 4380 11.500 11.875 11-1/2 3/16 11.475 .065 291,47 1,65 .210 .005 5,33 4381 12.000 12.375 12 3/16 11.975 .065 304,17 1,65 .210 .005 5,33 4382 13.000 13.375 13 3/16 12.975 .065 329,57 1,65 .210 .005 5,33 4383 14.000 14.375 14 3/16 13.975 .070 354,97 1,78 .210 .005 5,33 4384 15.000 15.375 15 3/16 14.975 .070 380,37 1,78 .210 .005 5,33 4385 16.000 16.375 16 3/16 15.955 .075 405,26 1,91 .210 .005 5,33 4386 17.000 17.375 17 3/16 16.955 .080 430,66 2,03 .210 .005 5,33 4387 18.000 18.375 18 3/16 17.955 .085 456,06 2,16 .210 .005 5,33 4388 19.000 19.375 19 3/16 18.955 .090 481,41 2,29 .210 .005 5,33 4389 20.000 20.375 20 3/16 19.955 .095 506,81 2,41 .210 .005 5,33 4390 21.000 21.375 21 3/16 20.955 .095 532,21 2,41 .210 .005 5,33 4391 22.000 22.375 22 3/16 21.955 .100 557,61 2,54 .210 .005 5,33 4392 23.000 23.375 23 3/16 22.940 .105 582,68 2,67 .210 .005 5,33 4393 24.000 24.375 24 3/16 23.940 .110 608,08 2,79 .210 .005 5,33 4394 25.000 25.375 25 3/16 24.940 .115 633,48 2,92 .210 .005 5,33 4395 26.000 26.375 26 3/16 25.940 .120 658,88 3,05 .210 .005 5,33 4425 4.500 5.000 4-1/2 1/4 4.475 .033 113,67 0,84 .275 .006 6,99 4426 4.625 5.125 4-5/8 1/4 4.600 .033 116,84 0,84 .275 .006 6,99 4427 4.750 5.250 4-3/4 1/4 4.725 .033 120,02 0,84 .275 .006 6,99 4428 4.875 5.375 4-7/8 1/4 4.850 .033 123,19 0,84 .275 .006 6,99

+/-

0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,13 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15


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233



4429 4430 4431 4432 4433 4434 4435 4436 4437 4438 4439 4440 4441 4442 4443 4444 4445 4446 4447 4448 4449 4450 4451 4452 4453 4454 4455 4456 4457 4458 4459 4460 4461 4462 4463 4464 4465 4466 4467 4468 4469 4470 4471 4472 4473 4474 4475

Rod

Bore

5.000 5.125 5.250 5.375 5.500 5.625 5.750 5.875 6.000 6.250 6.500 6.750 7.000 7.250 7.500 7.750 8.000 8.500 9.000 9.500 10.000 10.500 11.000 11.500 12.000 12.500 13.000 13.500 14.000 14.500 15.000 15.500 16.000 16.500 17.000 17.500 18.000 18.500 19.000 19.500 20.000 21.000 22.000 23.000 24.000 25.000 26.000

5.500 5.625 5.750 5.875 6.000 6.125 6.250 6.375 6.500 6.750 7.000 7.250 7.500 7.750 8.000 8.250 8.500 9.000 9.500 10.000 10.500 11.000 11.500 12.000 12.500 13.000 13.500 14.000 14.500 15.000 15.500 16.000 16.500 17.000 17.500 18.000 18.500 19.000 19.500 20.000 20.500 21.500 22.500 23.500 24.500 25.500 26.500


ID (in)

+/-

ID(mm)

5 5-1/8 5-1/4 5-3/8 5-1/2 5-5/8 5-3/4 5-7/8 6 6-1/4 6-1/2 6-3/4 7 7-1/4 7-1/2 7-3/4 8 8-1/2 9 9-1/2 10 10-1/2 11 11-1/2 12 12-1/2 13 13-1/2 14 14-1/2 15 15-1/2 16 16-1/2 17 17-1/2 18 18-1/2 19 19-1/2 20 21 22 23 24 25 26

4.975 5.100 5.225 5.350 5.475 5.600 5.725 5.850 5.975 6.225 6.475 6.725 6.975 7.225 7.475 7.725 7.975 8.475 8.975 9.475 9.975 10.475 10.975 11.475 11.975 12.475 12.975 13.475 13.975 14.475 14.975 15.475 15.955 16.455 16.955 17.455 17.955 18.455 18.955 19.455 19.955 20.955 21.955 22.940 23.940 24.940 25.940

.037 .037 .037 .037 .037 .037 .037 .037 .037 .040 .040 .040 .040 .045 .045 .045 .045 .055 .055 .055 .055 .060 .060 .065 .065 .065 .065 .070 .070 .070 .070 .070 .075 .075 .080 .085 .085 .085 .090 .090 .095 .095 .100 .105 .110 .115 .120

126,37 129,54 132,72 135,89 139,07 142,24 145,42 148,59 151,77 158,12 164,47 170,82 177,17 183,52 189,87 196,22 202,57 215,27 227,97 240,67 253,37 266,07 278,77 291,47 304,17 316.87 329,57 342,27 354,97 367,67 380,37 393,07 405,26 417,96 430,66 443,36 456,06 468,76 481,46 494,16 506,86 532,26 557,66 582,68 608,08 633,48 658,88

1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4 1/4


0,94 0,94 0,94 0,94 0,94 0,94 0,94 0,94 0,94 1,02 1,02 1,02 1,02 1,14 1,14 1,14 1,14 1,40 1,40 1,40 1,40 1,52 1,52 1,52 1,52 1,52 1,52 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,78 1,91 1,91 2,03 2,16 2,16 2,16 2,29 2,29 2,41 2,41 2,54 2,67 2,79 2,92 3,05

.275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275 .275

+/-

C/S (mm)

+/-

.006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006 .006

6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99 6,99

0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15 0,15


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19. C. Gland design for Rotating Quad-Rings®/X-Rings Applications As already mentioned, the rotating speed of > 100 feet/mn (30m/ min.) is critical. It is recommended to use radial lip seals like oil and grease shaft seals or PS-seals. However the compact installation of Quad-Rings®/X-Rings with the roto principle can be used instead. It is expected that the shaft rotates in the stationary Quad-Ring®/ X-Rings.

The next points need to be taken into consideration: • The Gow-Joule effect. The Quad-Ring®/X-Ring should not be installed in a stretched position around the shaft. The inner diameter of the Quad-Ring®/X-Ring needs to be 2-5% larger than the diameter of the shaft. • Do not install the Quad-Ring®/X-Ring in a groove in the shaft. It can happen that the Quad-Ring®/X-Ring will rotate with the shaft. • Avoid applications with temperatures lower than -30°C or higher than +100°C (-22°F or higher than +212°F). • Rotation speeds need to be limited to 6.5 ft/s (2m/sec.) and pressures to 150 psi (10 bar ,1 MPa). • For higher pressures, up to 450 psi (30 bar, 3MPa) back-up rings must be used. • Up to a diameter of 4 inches (100 mm), the cross section of the Quad-Ring®/X-Ring needs to be limited on sizes .103 to .210 inch (2,62 to 5,33 mm). For larger shaft diameters >4 inches (>100 mm) , the cross section of the Quad-Ring®/X-Ring has to be at least .275 inch (6,99 mm). • The surface finish of the groove always has to be rougher than the surface finish of the shaft to avoid spinning. • Lubrication of the Quad-Ring®/X-Ring reduces the frictional force, keeps the seal cool, and reduces the tendency of the seal to harden. • It is very important that the shaft construction have good bearings. • For rotating application always use Quad-Rings®/X-Rings in 80 or 90 Shore A.

Ask for the ERIKS information on rotating Quad-Ring®/X-Ring applications!

Surface Finish: X Groove top and bottom X= 16 micro inches (0,4 µm Ra) Groove sides X= 32 micro inches (0,8 µm Ra)


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20. Troubleshooting O-ring Failure The failure of an O-ring in service can usually be attributed to a combination of causes. It is important therefore, to maximize seal life and reliability by the use of good design practices, proper compound selection, pre-product testing, and continued education and training of personnel. The following brief summary of O-ring failure patterns is intended to give the engineer a brief overview of the more common types of failure and a listing of recommended corrective actions. Listed are the most common causes of seal failure. For a complete listing of O-ring failure modes obtain a copy of AIR1707 Patterns of O-ring Failure available from SAE INC.

Extrusion and Nibbling Failure Pattern: Typical of high pressure systems, this pattern can be identified by the many small bites (nibbles) taken from the O-ring on the downstream (low pressure) side. Problem Source: excessive clearances; excessive system pressures; O-ring material too soft; degradation of the O-ring by system fluid; irregular clearance gaps caused by eccentricity; improper machining; sharp edges; or the O-ring size is too large for the gland. Suggested solution: decrease gland clearances by machining; use back-up rings to prevent extrusion; employ harder O-rings; re-check elastomer compatibility; improve concentricity; break sharp edges; or install proper size O-ring.

Spiral Failure Failure pattern: generally found on long stroke hydraulic piston seals with low pressure differential. The surface of the O-ring exhibits a series of deep, spiral, 45° angle cuts. Problem source: caused when certain segments of the O-ring slide while other segments simultaneously roll. At a single point on its periphery, the O-ring gets caught on an eccentric component, or against the cylinder wall, causing twisting and development of 45° angle, surface cuts. Suggested solution: check for out of round cylinder bore; decrease clearance gap; machine metal surfaces to 10-20 micro-inch finish; improve lubrication; use internallylubricated O-rings; employ back-up rings; employ Quad-Rings®/X-Rings; or in severe cases use a T-seal.

Abrasion Failure pattern: Occuring primarily in dynamic seals involving reciprocating, oscillating, or rotary motion. This failure pattern can be identified by a flattened surface on one side of the O-ring’s cross section or wearlines on the cross section parallel to motion. Problem Source: Metal surfaces too rough (acting as an abrasive); metal surfaces too smooth, causing inadequate lubrication; poor lubrication; excessive temperatures; or the system is contaminated with abrasives. Suggested solution: use recommended metal finishes; provide adequate lubrication; check material compatibility with system temperature; or eliminate abrasive contamination with filters.

Picture of an extruded, nibbled O-ring

Picture of a spiral failure O-ring

Picture of an abrasion affected O-ring


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20. Troubleshooting Compression Set Failure Pattern: common to both static and dynamic seals, compression set failure produces flat surfaces on both sides of the O-ring cross section in the area being sqeezed. Problem Source: selection of an elastomer with poor compression set properties; system pressure is too high; excessive swelling of O-ring material in system fluid; too much squeeze to achieve seal; incomplete curing of O-ring material during vulcanisation; or excessive system temperature. Suggested Solutions: employ a low compression set elastomer; specify an O-ring material that resists operating or frictionally generated heat; re-check O-ring compatibility with system chemicals; reduce O-ring squeeze if possible; or inspect incoming O-rings for correct physical dimensions.

Picture of an O-ring subject to compression set

Weather or Ozone Cracking Failure Pattern: occurring in both static and dynamic seals exposed to atmospheres containing ozone and other air pollutants. This failure mode is marked by the appearance of many small surface cracks perpendicular to the direction of stress. Problem Source: ozone attacks unsaturated or double bond points in some polymer chains, causing chain scission. Cracking of the outside surface of the O-ring is the result. Suggested Solution: employ O-ring elastomers that are resistant to ozone attack. Picture of a cracked O-ring

Heat Hardening and Oxidation Failure Pattern: seen in both static and dynamic seals, in pneumatic or air service. The surface of the O-ring appears pitted and/or cracked, often accompanied by the flatness of high compression set. Problem Source: excessive environmental temperature causing excessive elastomer hardening, evaporation of plasticizer, and cracking from oxidation. Suggested Solution: lower operating temperature or specify high temperature and oxidation resistant O-ring materials. Picture of a hardened and oxidated O-ring

Plasticizer Extraction Failure Pattern: occurring in both static and dynamic seals, primarily in fuel system service. This failure pattern is marked by small cracks in the O-ring stress area, accompanied by a loss of physical volume. Problem Source: extraction of O-ring material plasticizer component by system chemicals or fluids in a dry-out situation. Suggested Solution: employ chemically compatible O-ring material with low-to-no extractable plasticizer content.

Picture of O-ring failure due to plasticizer extraction All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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20. Troubleshooting Installation Damage Failure Pattern: occurring in both static and dynamic seals. This failure mode is marked by short cuts, notches, or a skinned or peripherally peeled surface on the O-ring. Problem Source: sharp edges on mating metal components of the O-ring gland; sharp threads over which the O-ring must during assembly; insufficient lead-in chamfer; blind grooves in multi-port valves; oversize O-ring I.D. on piston; undersize O-ring I.D. on rod; twisting or pinching of the O-ring during installation; or no O-ring lubrication during installation. Suggested Solution: break sharp edges on mating metal components; cover threads with tubes or tape during O-ring installation; provide a 20° lead-in chamfer; break sharp corners of chamfer and O-ring groove edges; install correctly sized O-rings; and use lubrication during assembly.

Picture of a damaged O-ring

Explosive Decompression Failure Pattern: marked by random short splits or ruptures going deep into the O-ring cross section. When the O-ring is first removed, the surface may also be covered with small blisters. Problem Source: absorption of gas by the O-ring while operating in high pressure conditions. Subsequent rapid decrease in system pressure traps within the O-ring micropores, causing surface blisters and ruptures as the gas seeks an avenue of escape. Suggested Solution: increase time for decompression; increase material hardness to 80°-95° shore A; reduce O-ring cross sectional size; or specify a decompression resistant material, such as a harder nitrile or special Viton® 514162. Picture of an exploded O-ring

Back-up ring Failure Failure Pattern: occurring exclusively in dynamic seals, the O-ring surface is notched or nibbled adjacent to the scarf cut or overlap of the back-up ring. Problem source: thermal changes, pressure surges, and extrusion of the back-up ring into the gap. Suggested Solution: check design details and consider the solid type of back-up ring. Use PEEK (plastic) or another material.

Picture of a damaged back-up and O-ring


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21. Glossary Abrasion Progressive wearing away of material by mechanical action. Abrasion Resistance The ability of a rubber compound to resist mechanical wear. Absorption The physical mechanism by which one substance attracts and takes up another substance. Accelerated Life Test Any set of conditions designed to reproduce in a short time the deteriorating effect obtained under normal service conditions. Accelerated Service Test A service or bench test in which some service condition, such as speed, temperature, or continuity of operation, is exaggerated in order to obtain a result in shorter time. Accelerator A substance which hastens the vulcanization of an elastomer causing it to take place in a shorter time or at a lower temperature. Acid Resistant Withstands the action of acids. Adhere To cling or stick together. Adhesion Susceptibility of rubber to stick to a surface. Aflas Trade name of Asahi Glass for TFE Propylene. After Cure Continuation of vulcanization after the desired cure is effected and the heat source removed. Aging To undergo changes in physical properties with age or lapse of time. Aging, Air Oven A means of accelerating the change in physical properties of rubber compounds by exposing them to the action of air at an elevated temperature. Aging, Air Pressure Heat A means of accelerating the change in physical properties of rubber compounds by exposing them to the action of air under pressure at an elevated temperature. Aging, Oxygen Bomb A means of accelerating the change in physical properties of rubber compounds by exposing them to the action of oxygen at an elevated temperature and pressure. Air Bomb Similar to an oxygen bomb but used with air. Used for accelerated aging test. Air Checks Surface marking or depressions due to trapping air between the materials being cured and the mold or press surface. Air Curing The vulcanization of a rubber product in air as distinguished from vulcanizing in a press or steam vulcanizer. Ambient Temperature The environment temperature surrounding the object under consideration. Aniline Point of Oil The lowest temperature at which equal volumes of pure aniline and a particular oil will completely dissolve in one another. The aniline point generally affects the swell. Antioxidant An organic substance which inhibits or retards oxidation. Atmospheric Cracking Cracks produced in surface of rubber articles by exposure to atmospheric conditions. Average Modulus Total change of stress divided by total change of strain, i.e., the average slope of the stress-strain curve. Employed when modulus varies from point to point. All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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21. Glossary Back Rind A burn-back into the part at a mold line separation caused by too soft a rubber stock, excessive acceleration, or too low a plasticity. Back-up ring Washer-like device installed next to O-ring to prevent extrusion. Bench Test A modified service test in which the service conditions are approximated, but the equipment is conventional laboratory equipment and not necessarily identical with that in which the product will be employed. Bending Modulus Force required to induce bending around a given radius, and hence a measure of stiffness. Bleeding Migration to the surface of plasticizers, waxes, or similar materials to form a film or beads. Blemish A mark, deformity, or injury which impairs the appearance. Blisters A raised spot on the surface or a separation between layers usually forming a void or air-filled space in the vulcanized article. Bloom A discoloration or change in appearance of the surface of a rubber product caused by the migration of a liquid or solid to the surface. Examples: sulfur broom, wax broom. Not to be confused with dust on the surface from external sources. Break A separation or discontinuity in any part of an article. Breakout Force to inaugural sliding. Expressed in same as friction. An excessive breakout value is taken as an indication of the development of adhesion. Brittleness Tendency to crack when subjected to deformation. Buna N A general term for the copolymers of butadiene and acrylonitrile. Typical commercial polymers are Hycar and Paracril. Buna S A general term for the copolymers of butadiene and styrene. Butt t ing two ends of material whereby the junction is perpendicular to the plane of an O-ring. Butyl A synthetic rubber of the polybutene type exhibiting very low permeability to gases.

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Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Average expansion per degree over a stated temperature range, expressed in a fraction of initial dimension. May be linear or volumetric. Cold Flexibility Flexibility following exposure to a predetermined low temperature for a predetermined time. Cold Flow Continued deformation under stress. Cold Resistant Withstands the effect of cold or low temperatures without loss of serviceability. Commercially Smooth Degree of smoothness of the surface of an article which is acceptable for use. Compound A term applied to either vulcanized or unvulcanized mixtures of elastomers and other ingredients necessary to make a useful rubberlike material. Compression Modulus The ratio of the compressive stress to the resulting compressive strain (the latter expressed as a fraction of the original height or thickness in the direction of the force). Compression Modulus may be either static or dynamic. Compression Set The decrease in thickness of a rubber specimen which has been deformed under specific conditions of load, time, and temperature. It is usual expressed as a percentage of the initial compression of the test sample. All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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21. Glossary Conductive rubber A rubber having qualities of conduction or transmitting heat or electricity. Most generally applied to rubber products used to conduct static electricity. Conductivity Quality or power of conducting or transmitting heat or electricity. Copolymer A polymer consisting of two different monomers chemically combined. Corrosion (Packing) Corrosion of rigid member (usually metal) where it s packing. The actual corroding agent is fluid medium trapped in the interface. Corrosive (Packing) A property of packing whereby it is assumed, often incorrectly, to promote corrosion of the rigid member by the trapped fluid. Cracking A sharp break or fissure in the surface. Generally due to excessive strain. Creep The relaxation of a rubber material while under stress. Cross section An O-ring viewed as it were if cut at right angles to the axis showing internal structure. Curing Date O-ring molding date. Curing Temperature The temperature at which the rubber product is vulcanized. Cylinder Chamber in which piston, plunger, ram, rod, or shaft is driven by or against the pressure medium. Degassing The intentional but controlled outgassing of a rubber substance. Durometer An instrument for measuring the hardness of rubber. Measures the resistance to the penetration of an indentor point into the surface of rubber. Dynamic O-ring application in which the O-ring is subject to movement or moving parts. Dynamic Packing A packing employed in a t whose are in relative motion. Dynamic Seal A seal required to prevent leakage past parts which are in relative motion. Elasticity The property of an article which tends to return to its original shape after deformation. Elastic Limit The greatest stress which a material is capable of developing without a permanent deformation remaining upon complete release of the stress. In rubber, the elastic limit as above defined is very low and sometimes practically non-existent. Usually this term is replaced by various load limits for specific cases in which the resulting permanent deformations are not zero but are negligible. Elastomer A general term for an elastic, rubber-like substance. A polymeric material which may be compressed or otherwise deformed, and by virtue of its molecular structure, will recover almost completely to its original form. EMI Gasket A component, usually incorporating a formed resilient elastomer, which will allow a seam or enclosure interface to be reliably interconnected (electrical bonded) along the entire t. Elongation Increase in length expressed numerically as a fraction or percentage of initial length. Ethylene Propylene Elastomer prepared from ethylene and propylene monomers. All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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21. Glossary Explosive Decompression Expanding of gas (or volatile liquid) in case of a sudden pressure drop. Extrusion Distortion, under pressure, of portion of seal into clearance between mating metal parts. Fam Test fluid for extraction of softeners out of the rubber compound. Filler Chemically inert, finely divided material added to the polymer to aid in processing and improving properties of abrasion resistance and strength - gives it varying degrees of hardness. Flash Excess rubber left around rubber part after molding due to space between mating mold surfaces; removed by trimming. Flex Cracking A surface cracking induced by repeated bending or flexing. Flex Life The relative ability of a rubber article to withstand dynamic bending stresses. Flock Fibers added to rubber compounds. Flow Cracks Surface imperfections due to improper flow and failure of stock to knit or blend with itself during the molding operation. Fluorocarbon, Perfluorocarbon Highly fluorinated carbon backboned polymers. Friction Resistance to motion due to the of surfaces. Friction, Breakout Initial or starting friction developed of a dynamic seal. Friction, Running Friction developed during operation of a dynamic seal. Fuel, Aromatic Fuel which contains benzene or aromatic hydrocarbons. Fuel, Non-Aromatic Fuel which is composed of straight chain hydrocarbons. Gland Seal assembly, including the O-ring; groove which holds the O-ring and the ing surfaces. Gow-Joule effect Elastomers under stretch give higher tension when the temperatures rises. Hardness Property or extent of being hard. Measured in degrees and based on the penetration into the rubber of a defined indentor under a set load. Hardness Shore A Durometer reading in degrees of the hardness of the rubber based on a shore durometer. Homogeneous General - a material of uniform composition throughout. Hycar Commercial name of B.F. Goodrich for polyacrylate rubber, ACM polymer of acrylic acid ester. Hypalon Commercial name for a chlorosulphonated derivative of polyethylene.


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21. Glossary Immediate Set The deformation found by measurement immediately after removal of the load causing the deformation. Immersion Placing an article into a fluid, generally so it is completely covered. Impact The single instantaneous stroke or of a moving body with another either moving or at rest, such as a large lump of material dropping on a conveyor belt. Internal Lubrication The incorporation of friction reducing ingredients (graphite, molybdenum disulfide, powdered Teflon®, or organic lubricants) in the rubber compound. Labsfree The absence of any trace of ingredient on the surface of the O-ring which can cause adhesion problems (i.a. paint industry). Leakage Rate The rate at which either a gas or liquid es a barrier. Life Test A laboratory procedure used to determine the amount and duration of resistance of a rubber article to a specific set of destructive forces or conditions. Linear Expansion Expansion in any one linear dimension or the average of all linear dimensions. Logy Sluggish, low snap or recovery of a material. Low Temperature Flexibility The ability of a rubber product to be flexed, bent or bowed at low temperatures. Low Temperature Flexing Act or instance of repeated bending or bowing a rubber product under conditions of low temperature. Media A liquid, a gas, or a mixture of both. Memory Tendency of a material to return to original shape after deformation. Micro O-rings Any O-ring that measures less than .4 inch (1 mm) in either inside diameter or cross section. Mirror Finish A bright, polished surface. Misalignment Departure from alignment. Mismatch Poor matching or meeting in splice. Modulus Tensile stress at a specified elongation (generally 100%). Modulus of Elasticity One of the several measurements of stiffness or resistance to deformation, but often incorrectly used to indicate specifically static tension modulus. Mold Cavity Hollow space or cavity in the mold which is used to impart the desired form to the product being molded. Mold Finish The uninterrupted surface produced by intimate of rubber with the surface of the mold at vulcanization. Mold Lubricant A material usually sprayed onto the mold cavity surface, to facilitate the easy removal of the molded rubber parts. Mold Marks Indentations or ridges embossed into the skin of the molded product by irregularities in the mold cavity surface. All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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21. Glossary Mold Means used to align the parts of a mold. Mooney Scorch The measurement of the rate at which a rubber compound will precure or set up by means of the Mooney Viscometer. Mooney Viscosity The measurement of the plasticity or viscosity of a not compounded or compounded but not vulcanized rubber and rubber-like material by means of the Mooney Shearing Disk Viscometer. Natural Rubber Raw or crude rubber obtained from vegetable sources, basically the unsaturated polymer of isoprene. Neoprene Homopolymers of chloroprene. DuPont's name for chloroprene rubber. Nick A small notch, slit, or cut. Nitrile (Buna N) Copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile; known commercially as Butaprene, Chemigum, Hycar OR, Perbunan and Paracril. (See Buna N) Nominal Length The desired length from which tolerances are set. Non-Blooming The absence of bloom. Off- Misalignment of mold halves causing an out-of-round O-ring cross section. Oil Resistant Ability of a vulcanized rubber to resist the swelling and deteriorating effects of various type oils. Oil Swell The change in volume of a rubber article due to absorption of oil. O-ring An elastomeric seal of homogeneous composition molded in one piece to the configuration of a torus with circular cross section (doughnut). The O-ring is used as a dynamic or static seal usually installed in a machined groove. Optimum Cure State of vulcanization at which maximum desired property is attained. Over Cure A degree of cure greater than the optimum. Outgassing A vacuum phenomenon where a substance spontaneously releases volatile constituents in the form of vapors or gases. Oxidation The reaction of oxygen on a rubber product, usually detected by a change in the appearance or feel of the surface or by a change in physical properties. Oxygen Bomb A chamber capable of holding oxygen at an elevated pressure which can be heated to an elevated temperature. Used for an accelerated aging test (See Aging). Ozone Resistant Withstands the deteriorating effects of ozone (generally cracking).

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Packing A flexible device used to retain fluids under pressure or seal out foreign matter. Packing Groove A groove carved in a flange, or in one member of a concentric t, to accommodate a packing. Perbunan Standard Oil of New Jersey's name for chloroprene rubber. All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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21. Glossary Permanent Set Permanent set is the deformation remaining after a specimen has been stressed in tension a prescribed amount of time and released for a definite period. Pit or Pock Mark A circular depression, usually small. Plasticizer A substance, usually a liquid, added to an elastomer to decrease stiffness, improve low temperature properties, and improve processing. Polymer A material formed by the ing together of many (poly) individual units (mer) of a monomer. Porosity Quality of state of being porous due to presence of globular structural voids. Post Cure The second step in the vulcanization process for some elastomers. Provides stabilization of parts and drives off decomposition products resulting from the vulcanization process. Radiation Emission of alpha particles, beta particles, or electromagnetic energy (gamma radiation). , Off or Uneven Nonconformity of finished article with design dimensions due to mold misalignment during cure. Relative Humidity The ratio of the quantity of water vapor actually present in the atmosphere to the greatest amount possible at the given temperature. Resilience Capable of returning to original size and shape after deformation. RMS and Ra Root Mean Square - The measure of surface roughness, obtained as the square root of the sum of the squares of micro-inch deviation from true flat. 1 RMS micro-inch = 0,025 µRA micro-meter. Rough Trim Removal of superfluous parts by pulling or picking. Usually a small portion of the flash or sprue remains attached to the product. Rubber, Chloroprene Homopolymer of chloroprene. Runout (Shaft) Same as Gyration. When expressed in inches or mm alone or accompanied by abbreviation "TIR" (total indicator reading), it refers to twice the radial distance between shaft axis and axis of rotation. Seal Any device used to prevent the age of a gas or liquid. Service Operating conditions to be met. Shaft Rotating member within cylinder; not in with the walls. Shelf-aging The change in a material’s properties which occurs in storage with time. Shield, EMI Electrically conductive materials placed around a circuit, component or cable, to suppress the effect of electromagnetic field. Shore A Hardness See Hardness and Durometer. Shrinkage Decreased volume of unit caused by air drying after immersion in fluid. Silicone fluids Oils and greases based on silicones. Silicone, Fluorosilicone Semi-organic elastomer, containing silicone. All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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21. Glossary Silicone free O-rings which are produced with a silicone free mold lubricant. Size, Actual Actual dimensions of the O-ring, including tolerance limits. Size, Nominal Approximate size of O-ring in fractional dimensions. Size number Number assigned to indicate inside and cross section diameters of an O-ring. Sizes established in SAE standard AS 568 have been adopted by the military and industry. Specific Gravity The ratio of the weight of a given substance to the weight of an equal volume of water at a specified temperature. Specimens Product parts used for testing. Sprue Marks Marks left on the surface of a rubber part, usually elevated, after removal of the flash. Squeeze cross section diametrical compression of O-ring between bottom surface of the groove and surface of other mating metal part in the gland assembly. Static Stationary application such as a gasket. Static Seal Seal designed to work between parts having no relative motions. Stress Force per unit of original cross sectional area required to stretch a specimen to a stated elongation. Stress Relaxation This is the phenomenon exhibited by an elastomer under constant compression, whereby the opposing force exerted by the elastomer decreases with time. Sun Checking Surface cracks, checks or crazing caused by exposure to direct or indirect sunlight. Swell Increased volume of unit caused by immersion in a fluid. Synthetic Rubber Manufactured elastomers. Tear Resistance Strength of a compound as resistance to growth of a cut or nick when tension is applied to the cut specimen. Temperature Range Lowest temperature at which rubber remains flexible and highest temperature at which it will function. Tensile Strength Force in pounds per square inch or in kilograms per square centimeter required to cause the rupture of a specimen of a rubber material. Terpolymer A polymer consisting of at least three different monomers chemically combined. Thermal Effects Deterioration at higher temperatures. Thermal Expansion Expansion caused by increase in temperature. May be linear and volumetric. Thiokol A synthetic rubber of the polysulfide type. Torque The turning power of a shaft. 246 All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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21. Glossary Torr Comes from the tube of Torricelli. The unit of pressure used in vacuum measurement. It is equal to 1/760 of a standard atmosphere, and for all practical purposes is equivalent to one millimeter of mercury (mm HG). Trim The process involving removal of mold flash. Trim Cut Damage to mold skin or finish by too close trimming. TR-10 The warming up temperature at which a frozen O-ring regains 10% of its elasticity. Under-Cure Degree of cure less than optimum. May be evidenced by inferior physical properties. Vacuum Situation in a given space that is occupied by a gas at less than atmospheric pressure. Vacuum Level The term used to denote the degree of Rough, Medium, High, Hard, or Ultra Hard vacuum evidenced by its pressure in torr (mm HG). Vamac Dupont Performance Elastomers' name for Ethylene Acrylate. Vapor Pressure The maximum pressure exerted by a liquid (or solid) heated to a given temperature in a closed container. Viscosity A manifestation of internal friction opposed to mobility. The property of fluids and plastic solids by which they resist an instantaneous change of shape, i.e., resistance to flow. Voids The absence of material or an area devoid of materials where not intended. Volume Change Change in volume of a specimen which has been immersed in a designated fluid under specified condition of time and temperature. Expressed as a percentage of the original volume. Volume Swell Increase in physical size caused by the swelling action of a liquid. Vulcanization A thermo-setting involving the use of heat and pressure and which results in greatly increased strength and elasticity of rubber-like materials. Vulcanizing Agent A material which produces vulcanization of an elastomer. Vulc-O-ring An O-ring manufactured from O-ring cord by splicing and bonding or vulcanizing. Width Radial dimension. For packing rings or sets the term "packing space" is preferred. Wiper ring A ring employed to remove excess fluid, mud, etc., from a reciprocating member before it reaches the seal.


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22. On-line tools - Conversion Tables ERIKS offers different methods of interactive customer solutions. Free programmes are available on our website. • O-Ring Design Calculator : Industry leading • Rubber Profile Calculator : Industry leading • O-Ring Weight Calculator : Industry leading • 130 data sheets : Industry leading • Comparison of plastics : Industry leading • Unit Converter : Industry leading • Chemical Resistance Guide : Industry leading • Approvals / Certificats : Industry leading

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Sealing Elements Technical Handbook O-rings 22. On-line tools - Conversion Tables Conversion Table Fahrenheit to Celsius °C X °F °C X °F °C X °F °C X °F °C X °F °C X -273 -459,4 -17,2 1 33,8 32,8 91 195,8 260 500 932 538 1000 -268 -450 -16,7 2 35,6 33,3 92 197,6 266 510 950 549 1020 -262 -440 -16,1 3 37,4 33,9 93 199,4 271 520 968 560 1040 -257 -430 -15,6 4 39,2 9,4 49 120,2 34,3 94 201,2 277 530 986 571 1060 -251 -420 -15,0 5 41,0 10,0 50 122,0 35,0 95 203,0 282 540 1004 582 1080 -246 -410 -14,4 6 42,8 10,6 51 123,8 35,6 96 204,8 288 550 1022 593 1100 -240 -400 -13,9 7 44,6 11,1 52 125,6 36,1 97 206,6 293 560 1040 604 1120 -234 -390 -13,3 8 46,4 11,7 53 127,4 36,7 98 208,4 299 570 1058 616 1140 -229 -380 -12,8 9 48,2 12,2 54 129,2 37,2 99 210,2 304 580 1076 627 1160 -223 -370 -12,2 10 50,0 12,8 55 131,0 37,8 100 212,0 310 590 1094 638 1180 -218 -360 -11,7 11 51,8 13,3 56 132,8 43 110 230 316 600 1112 649 1200 -212 -350 -11,1 12 53,6 13,9 57 134,6 49 120 248 321 610 1130 660 1220 -207 -340 -10,6 13 55,4 14,4 58 136,4 54 130 266 327 620 1148 671 1240 -201 -330 -10,0 14 57,2 15,0 59 138,2 60 140 284 332 630 1166 682 1260 -196 -320 -9,4 15 59,0 15,6 60 140,0 66 150 302 338 640 1184 693 1280 -190 -310 -8,9 16 60,8 16,1 61 141,8 71 160 320 343 650 1202 704 1300 -184 -300 -8,3 17 62,6 16,7 62 143,6 77 170 338 349 660 1220 732 1350 -179 -290 -7,8 18 64,4 17,2 63 145,4 82 180 356 354 670 1238 760 1400 -173 -280 -7,2 19 66,2 17,8 64 147,2 88 190 374 360 680 1256 788 1450 -169 -273 -459,4 -6,7 20 68,0 18,3 65 149,0 93 200 392 366 690 1274 816 1500 -168 -270 -454 -6,1 21 69,8 18,9 66 150,8 99 210 410 371 700 1292 843 1550 -162 -260 -436 -5,6 22 71,6 19,4 67 152,6 100 212 414 377 710 1310 871 1600 -157 -250 -418 -5,0 23 73,4 20,0 68 154,4 104 220 428 382 720 1328 899 1650 -151 -240 -400 -4,4 24 75,2 20,6 69 156,2 110 230 446 388 730 1346 927 1700 -146 -230 -382 -3,9 25 77,0 21,1 70 158,0 116 240 464 393 740 1364 954 1750 -140 -220 -364 -3,3 26 78,8 21,7 71 159,8 121 250 482 399 750 1382 982 1800 -134 -210 -346 -2,8 27 80,6 22,2 72 161,6 127 260 500 404 760 1400 1010 1850 -129 -200 -328 -2,2 28 82,4 22,8 73 163,4 132 270 518 410 770 1418 1038 1900 -123 -190 -310 -1,7 29 84,2 23,3 74 165,2 138 280 536 416 780 1436 1066 1950 -118 -180 -292 -1,1 30 86,0 23,9 75 167,0 143 290 554 421 790 1454 1093 2000 -112 -170 -274 -0,6 31 87,8 24,4 76 168,8 149 300 572 427 800 1472 1121 2050 -107 -160 -256 0,0 32 89,6 25,0 77 170,6 154 310 590 442 810 1490 1149 2100 -101 -150 -238 0,6 33 91,4 25,6 78 172,4 160 320 608 438 820 1508 1177 2150 -96 -140 -220 1,1 34 93,2 26,1 79 174,2 166 330 626 443 830 1526 1204 2200 -90 -130 -202 1,7 35 95,0 26,7 80 176,0 171 340 644 449 840 1544 1232 2250 -84 -120 -184 2,2 36 96,8 27,2 81 177,8 177 350 662 454 850 1562 1260 2300 -79 -110 -166 2,8 37 98,6 27,8 82 179,6 182 360 680 460 860 1580 1288 2350 -73 -100 -148 3,3 38 100,4 28,3 83 181,4 188 370 698 466 870 1598 1316 2400 -68 -90 -130 3,9 39 102,2 28,9 84 183,2 193 380 716 471 880 1616 1343 2450 -62 -80 -112 4,4 40 104,0 29,4 85 185,0 199 390 734 477 890 1634 1371 2500 -57 -70 -94 5,0 41 105,8 30,0 86 186,8 204 400 752 482 900 1652 1399 2550 -51 -60 -76 5,6 42 107,6 30,6 87 188,6 210 410 770 488 910 1670 1427 2600 -46 -50 -58 6,1 43 109,4 31,1 88 190,4 216 420 788 493 920 1688 1454 2650 -40 -40 -40 6,7 44 111,2 31,7 89 192,2 221 430 806 499 930 1706 1482 2700 -34 -30 -22 7,2 45 113,0 32,2 90 194,0 277 440 824 504 940 1724 1510 2750 -29 -20 -4 7,8 46 114,8 232 450 842 510 950 1742 1538 2800 -23 -10 14 8,3 47 116,6 238 460 860 516 960 1760 1566 2850 -17,8 0 32 8,9 48 118,4 243 470 878 521 970 1778 1693 2900 249 480 896 527 980 1796 1621 2950 254 490 914 532 990 1814 1649 3000

°F 1832 1868 1904 1940 1976 2012 2048 2084 2120 2156 2192 2228 2264 2300 2336 2372 2462 2552 2642 2732 2822 2912 3002 3092 3182 3272 3362 3452 3542 3632 3722 3812 3902 3992 4082 4172 4262 4352 4442 4532 4622 4712 4802 4892 4982 5072 5162 5252 5342 5432

By starting from column X you can find the converted values in Fahrenheit (to the right of it) and Celsius (to the left of it). For instance: 100°C in the middle column X = 212°F in the right column; 212°F in the middle column X = 100°C in the left column. 32°F = 0° freezing point of water / 212°F = 100°C boiling point of water / 68°F = 20°C room temperature / 98,6°F = 37°C body temperature. All the information in this documentation has been compiled with the greatest of care. Despite this we can bear no responsibility whatsoever for any errors present in the documentation. The recommendations are intended as guidelines.

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249

Sealing Elements Technical Handbook O-rings 22. On-line tools - Conversion Tables Conversion Table psi to bar

250

psi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60

bar 0,07 0,14 0,21 0,28 0,35 0,41 0,48 0,55 0,62 0,69 0,76 0,83 0,90 0,97 1,03 1,10 1,17 1,24 1,31 1,38 1,45 1,52 1,59 1,65 1,72 1,79 1,86 1,93 2,00 2,07 2,14 2,21 2,28 2,34 2,41 2,48 2,55 2,62 2,69 2,76 2,83 2,90 2,96 3,03 3,10 3,17 3,24 3,31 3,38 3,45 3,52 3,59 3,65 3,72 3,79 3,86 3,93 4,00 4,07 4,14

psi 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200

bar 4,21 4,27 4,34 4,41 4,48 4,55 4,62 4,69 4,76 4,83 4,90 4,96 5,03 5,10 5,17 5,24 5,31 5,38 5,45 5,52 5,58 5,65 5,72 5,79 5,86 5,93 6,00 6,07 6,14 6,21 6,27 6,34 6,41 6,48 6,55 6,62 6,69 6,76 6,83 6,89 7,24 7,58 7,93 8,27 8,62 8,96 9,31 9,65 10,00 10,34 10,68 11,03 11,37 11,72 12,06 12,41 12,75 13,10 13,44 13,79

psi 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290 295 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 430 440 450 460 470 480 490 500 510 520 530 540 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 640 650 660 670 680 690 700

bar 14,13 14,48 14,82 15,17 15,51 15,86 16,20 16,55 16,89 17,24 17,58 17,93 18,27 18,62 18,96 19,31 19,65 20,00 20,34 20,69 21,38 22,07 22,76 23,45 24,14 24,83 25,52 26,21 26,90 27,59 28,28 28,97 29,66 30,35 31,04 31,73 32,42 33,11 33,80 34,49 35,18 35,87 36,56 37,25 37,94 38,63 39,32 40,01 40,70 41,39 42,08 42,77 43,46 44,15 44,84 45,53 46,22 46,91 47,60 48,29

psi 710 720 730 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 830 840 850 860 870 880 890 900 910 920 930 940 950 960 970 980 990 1000 1010 1020 1030 1040 1050 1060 1070 1080 1090 1100 1120 1140 1160 1180 1200 1220 1240 1260 1280 1300 1320 1340 1360 1380 1400 1420 1440 1460 1480 1500

bar 48,98 49,67 50,35 51,04 51,73 52,42 53,11 53,80 54,49 55,18 55,87 56,56 57,25 57,93 58,62 59,31 60,00 60,69 61,38 62,07 62,76 63,45 64,13 64,82 65,51 66,20 66,89 67,58 68,27 68,96 69,95 70,34 71,03 71,72 72,41 73,10 73,79 74,48 75,17 75,86 77,24 78,62 80,00 81,37 82,74 84,12 85,50 86,88 88,26 89,64 91,02 92,40 93,78 95,16 96,54 97,92 99,30 100,67 102,05 103,43


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Sealing Elements Technical Handbook O-rings 22. On-line tools - Conversion Tables Conversion Table inch to mm inch 0 1/16 1/8 3/16 1/4 5/16 3/8 7/16 1/2 9/16 5/8 11/16 3/4 13/16 7/8 0 0,0 1,6 3,2 4,8 6,4 7,9 9,5 11,1 12,7 14,3 15,9 17,5 19,1 20,6 22,2 1 25,4 27,0 28,6 30,2 31,8 33,3 34,9 36,5 38,1 39,7 41,3 42,9 44,5 46,0 47,6 2 50,8 52,4 54,0 55,6 57,2 58,7 60,3 61,9 63,5 65,1 66,7 68,3 69,9 71,4 73,0 3 76,2 77,8 79,4 81,0 82,6 84,1 85,7 87,3 88,9 90,5 92,1 93,7 95,3 96,8 98,4 4 101,6 103,2 104,8 106,4 108,0 109,5 111,1 112,7 114,3 115,9 117,5 119,1 120,7 122,2 123,8 5 127,0 128,6 130,2 131,8 133,4 134,9 136,5 138,1 139,7 141,3 142,9 144,5 146,1 147,6 149,2 6 152,4 154,0 155,6 157,2 158,8 160,3 161,9 163,5 165,1 166,7 168,3 169,9 171,5 173,0 174,6 7 177,8 179,4 181,0 182,6 184,2 185,7 187,3 188,9 190,5 192,1 193,7 195,3 196,9 198,4 200,0 8 203,2 204,8 206,4 208,0 209,6 211,1 212,7 214,3 215,9 217,5 219,1 220,7 222,3 223,8 225,4 9 228,6 230,2 231,8 233,4 235,0 236,5 238,1 239,7 241,3 242,9 244,5 246,1 247,7 249,2 250,8 10 254,0 255,6 257,2 258,8 260,4 261,9 263,5 265,1 266,7 268,3 269,9 271,5 273,1 274,6 276,2 11 279,4 281,0 282,6 284,2 285,8 287,3 288,9 290,5 292,1 293,7 295,3 296,9 298,9 300,0 301,6 12 304,8 306,4 308,0 309,6 311,2 312,7 314,3 315,9 317,5 319,1 320,7 322,3 323,9 325,4 327,0 13 330,2 331,8 333,4 335,0 366,0 338,1 339,7 341,3 342,9 344,5 346,1 347,7 349,3 350,8 352,4 14 355,6 357,2 358,8 360,4 362,0 363,5 365,1 366,7 368,3 369,9 371,5 373,1 374,7 376,2 377,8 15 381,0 382,6 384,2 385,8 387,4 388,9 390,5 392,1 393,7 395,3 396,9 398,5 400,1 401,6 403,2 16 406,4 408,0 409,6 411,2 412,8 414,3 415,9 417,5 419,1 420,7 422,3 423,9 425,5 427,0 428,6 17 431,8 433,4 435,0 436,6 438,2 439,7 441,3 442,9 444,5 446,1 447,7 449,3 450,9 452,4 454,0 18 457,2 458,8 460,4 462,0 463,6 465,1 466,7 468,3 469,9 471,5 473,1 474,7 476,3 477,8 479,4 19 482,6 184,2 485,8 487,4 489,0 490,5 492,1 493,7 495,3 496,9 498,5 500,1 501,7 503,2 504,8 20 508,0 509,6 511,2 512,8 514,4 515,9 517,5 519,1 520,7 522,3 523,9 525,5 527,1 528,6 530,2 21 533,4 535,0 536,6 538,2 539,8 541,3 542,9 544,5 546,1 547,7 549,3 550,9 552,5 554,0 555,6 22 558,8 560,4 562,0 563,6 665,2 566,7 568,3 569,9 571,5 573,1 574,7 576,3 577,9 579,4 581,0 23 584,2 585,8 587,4 589,0 590,6 592,1 593,7 595,3 596,9 598,5 600,1 601,7 603,3 604,8 606,4 24 609,6 611,2 612,8 614,4 616,0 617,5 619,1 620,7 622,3 623,9 625,5 627,1 628,7 630,2 631,8 25 635,0 636,6 638,2 639,8 641,4 642,9 644,5 646,1 647,7 649,3 650,9 652,5 654,1 655,6 657,2 26 660,4 662,0 663,6 665,2 666,8 668,3 669,9 671,5 673,1 674,7 676,3 677,9 679,5 681,0 682,6 27 685,8 687,4 689,0 690,6 692,2 693,7 695,3 696,9 698,5 700,1 701,7 703,3 704,9 706,4 708,0 28 711,2 712,8 714,4 716,0 717,6 719,1 720,7 722,3 723,9 725,5 727,1 728,7 730,3 731,8 733,4 29 736,6 738,2 439,8 741,4 743,0 744,5 746,1 747,7 749,3 750,9 752,5 754,1 755,7 757,2 758,8 30 762,0 763,6 765,2 766,8 768,4 769,9 771,5 773,1 774,7 776,3 777,9 779,5 781,1 782,6 784,2 31 787,4 789,0 790,6 792,2 783,8 795,3 796,9 798,5 800,1 801,7 803,3 804,9 806,5 808,0 809,6 32 812,8 814,4 816,0 817,6 819,2 820,7 822,3 823,9 825,5 827,1 828,7 830,3 831,9 833,4 835,0 33 838,2 839,8 841,4 843,0 844,6 846,1 847,7 849,3 850,9 852,5 854,1 855,7 857,3 858,8 860,4 34 863,6 865,2 866,8 868,4 870,0 871,5 873,1 874,7 876,3 877,9 879,5 881,1 882,7 884,2 885,8 35 889,0 890,6 892,2 893,8 895,4 896,9 898,5 900,1 901,7 903,3 904,9 906,5 908,1 909,6 911,2 36 914,4 916,0 917,6 919,2 920,8 922,3 923,9 925,5 927,1 928,7 930,3 931,9 933,5 935,0 936,6 37 939,8 841,4 943,0 944,6 946,2 947,7 949,7 950,9 952,5 954,1 955,7 957,3 958,9 960,4 962,0 38 965,2 966,8 968,4 970,0 971,6 973,1 974,7 976,3 977,9 979,5 981,1 982,7 984,3 985,8 987,4 39 990,6 992,2 993,8 995,4 997,0 998,5 1000,1 1001,7 1003,3 1004,9 1006,5 1008,1 1009,7 1011,2 1012,8 40 1016,0 1017,6 1019,2 1020,8 1022,4 1023,9 1025,5 1027,1 1028,7 1030,3 1031,9 1033,5 1035,1 1036,6 1038,2 41 1041,4 1043,0 1044,6 1046,2 1047,8 1049,3 1050,9 1052,5 1054,1 1055,7 1057,3 1058,9 1060,5 1062,0 1063,6 42 1066,8 1068,4 1070,0 1071,6 1073,2 1074,7 1076,3 1077,9 1079,5 1081,1 1082,7 1084,3 1085,9 1087,4 1089,0 43 1092,2 1093,8 1095,4 1097,0 1098,6 1100,1 1101,7 1103,3 1104,9 1106,5 1108,1 1109,7 1111,3 1112,8 1114,4 44 1117,6 1119,2 1120,8 1122,4 1124,0 1125,5 1127,1 1128,7 1130,3 1131,9 1133,5 1135,1 1136,7 1138,2 1139,8 45 1143,0 1144,6 1146,2 1147,8 1149,4 1150,9 1152,5 1154,1 1155,7 1157,3 1158,9 1160,5 1162,1 1163,6 1165,2 46 1168,4 1170,0 1171,6 1173,2 1174,8 1176,3 1177,9 1179,5 1181,1 1182,7 1184,3 1185,9 1187,5 1189,0 1190,6 47 1193,8 1195,4 1197,0 1198,6 1200,2 1201,7 1203,3 1204,9 1206,5 1208,1 1209,7 1211,3 1212,9 1214,4 1216,0 48 1219,2 1220,8 1222,4 1224,0 1225,6 1227,1 1228,7 1230,3 1231,9 1233,5 1235,1 1236,7 1238,3 1239,8 1241,4 49 1244,6 1246,2 1247,8 1249,4 1251,0 1252,5 1254,1 1255,7 1257,3 1258,9 1260,5 1262,1 1263,7 1265,2 1266,8 50 1270,0 1271,6 1273,2 1274,8 1276,4 1277,9 1279,5 1281,1 1282,7 1284,3 1285,9 1287,5 1289,1 1290,6 1292,2

15/16 23,8 49,2 74,6 100,0 125,4 150,8 176,2 201,6 227,0 252,4 277,8 303,2 328,6 354,0 379,4 404,8 430,2 455,6 481,0 506,4 531,8 557,2 582,6 608,0 633,4 658,8 684,2 709,6 735,0 760,4 785,8 811,2 836,6 862,0 887,4 912,8 938,2 963,6 989,0 1014,4 1039,8 1065,2 1090,6 1116,0 1141,4 1166,8 1192,2 1217,6 1243,0 1268,4 1293,8


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251

Sealing Elements Technical Handbook O-rings 22. On-line tools - Conversion Tables Length

Millimeter 1 1000 25.4 304.8 914.4

m

Meter 0.001 1 0.254 0.3048 0.9144

Inch (in) .394 39.3701 1 12 36

Foot (ft) .0033 3.2808 0.0833 1 3

Yard (yd) .0011 1.0936 0.0278 0.3333 1

Capacity 3

1 0.000001 0.001 0.000016 0.0283 0.0045 0.0038

cm 1000000 1 1000.028 16.3871 28316.8 4546.09 3785.41

Liter 999.972 0.0009997 1 0.0164 28.3161 4.546 3.7853

3

Cubic inch (in3) 61023.7 0.061 61.0255 1 1728 277.419 231

Cubic foot (ft3) 35.3147 0.0000353 0.0353 0.00058 1 0.1605 0.1337

UK gallon 219.969 0.00022 0.22 0.0036 6.2288 1 0.8327

US gallon 264.172 0.0026 0.2642 0.0043 7.4805 1.201 1

Speed Meter per second Foot per second

m/s

ft/s

Foot per minute ft/m

1 0.3048 18.288 0.2776 0.447

3.2808 1 0.0167 0.9113 1.4665

196.85 60 1 54.68 87.99

Km per hour km/h

3.6 1.0973 65.8368 1 1.6093

Mile per hour mile/h

2.2368 0.6818 40.9091 0.6214 1

Capacity

Kilogram kgf 1 0.4536 50.8023 1000 1016.05 907.185

Pound lb 2.2046 1 112 2204.62 2240 2000

Hundredweight Metric Ton UK Ton cwt 0.0197 0.001 0.00098 0.0089 0.000454 0.000446 1 0.0508 0.05 19.6841 1 0.9842 20 1.0161 1 17.8571 0.9072 0.8929

US short ton sh ton 0.0011 0.0005 0.056 1.1023 1.12 1

Speed Kg per second

252

kg/s

1 0.000278 0.000126 0.2822 0.0116

Kg per hour kg/h

Pound per hour lb/h

3600 1 0.4536 1016.05 41.6667

7936.64 2.2046 1 2240 91.8592

Ton per hour UK ton/h

3.54314 0.000984 0.000446 1 0.04101

Eur. ton per day t/d

86.4 0.024 0.0109 24.3852 1

Pound (lb = 16 ounce) Ounce = 28,35 gram Grain (1/7000 lb) = 0.0648 gram


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23.A. Approvals and Acknowledgements

Viton® Viton® is a ed trademark of DuPont Performance Elastomers. ERIKS is officially licensed by DuPont Performance Elastomers to use the genuine Viton® trademark.

¤

Trade names :

Teflon® Teflon® is the trademark of DuPont Company. Teflon® is the family name for DuPont’s range of fluoropolymers such as FEP, PFA, and Tefzel. ERIKS is officially licensed by DuPont company to use the Genuine Teflon® trademark.

Kalrez® Kalrez® is a ed trademark of DuPont Performance Elastomers. ERIKS is officially licensed by DuPont Performance Elastomers to use the Kalrez® trademark.

Homologations :

Ask for our ‘Technical books’ on: High purity and FDA seals Viton® and Kalrez®


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23.B. Applications and Markets Ready for high-demanding markets ERIKS operates in an environment of continuous improvement, ed by extensive investment in facilities which promote continuous efficiency improvements. ERIKS develops every year new compounds and designs to satisfy the most demanding requirements of our customers. Due to this innovative approach ERIKS delivers many OEM’s worldwide in different sectors: • nuclear • oil and gas • life science • semiconductor • potable water • food and diary • I • ‘green’ energy • electronics • automotive ERIKS has experiience in different fields in the industry. Our dedicated material, market and engineering specialists are your partner for individual solutions.


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24.ERIKS’ Global Distribution Network & Technical Global distribution Network ERIKS has a broad global distribution network of seal specialists. They can provide technical and application assistance in addition to a wide product offering. Technical ERIKS chemists and engineers are ready to provide our customers with excellent technical and applications . Seal design assistance, failure analysis, quality certifications, application testing and custom seal design are but a few of the services that are available. ERIKS welcomes your comments! We at ERIKS are constantly striving to improve our products and services. We want to make doing business with us easy, fast, efficient, and enjoyable. One of the most important aspects of a relationship is communication. Our relationship with you is very important to us.


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NOTES


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