Defence Textiles 3c1023

Defense textile Kashif usman Afzal Ahmad

AREAS TO COVER……. Introduction Areas of protection Role of fibers and non-woven Ballistic protection Environmental protection Stab and ballistic Impact textiles Decontamination technology camouflage 

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Introduction Most demanding customers of textile materials in world  specific protective performance requirements  battlefield, tanks, aircrafts, underwater etc.  Also in gravitational forces during high accelerationdeceleration,.  The technical textiles have proved to be the major contributor to the defense applications. 

Primary areas of protection Ballistics protection  Environmental protection 1.Chemical 2.biological 3.thermal protection  flame protection  insects and micro-organisms protection 

Secondary areas Resistance to sun  Resist mildew  Water repellent  Excellent durability  Air permeability 

Main requirements for defense textile Fiber type selection  Fiber size  Dyestuff selection  Functional finish utilization  For example, a particular dye or pigment needed to meet infrared protection against detection may not have good properties to colorfastness to laundry 

Role of fibres: 

Significant impact  Paramount is the excellent fibers available for the ballistic protection  Aramid and Polyethylene fibers for body armor  M5 fibers 

Role of non-wovens Non-woven material products  Combat clothing and equipment  For military use is the durability  Reduced resulting from abrasion resistance  Nanotechnology and electro textiles 

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Fragmenting projectiles rather than bullets  From grenades, mortars, 

artillery shells,  Mines and improvised explosive weapons  Low velocity bullets from handguns  High velocity bullets from rifles and machine guns

BALLISTIC PROTECTION:

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Textile Fibers for Ballistic Protection Woven silk fabrics  High modulus aliphatic nylon 6.6  high degree of crystallinity  Low elongation  Used in body armor composite helmets 

Kevlar Twaron Spectra Dyneema

Textile Fibers for Ballistic Protection

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Textile Fibers for Ballistic Protection Kevlar widely used in the modern generation of light weight body armors  Twaron absorbing a bullet’s impact and quickly dissipating its energy through engaged and adjacent fibers  Spectra These fibers are 10 times stronger than steel  DSM Dyneema It has high energy absorption characteristics and dissipates shock waves faster 

Environmental Protection: Protection can be classified into three major components 1.Thermal protection 2.Chemical protection 3.Biological protection 

Thermal Protection Entrapment of still air in the structure  Finer fibers tend to entrap more still air than coarse fibers for the same bulk  Textiles have advantage of low density, good resilience, good drape and handle, easy care and durability  Units of measuring thermal insulation are warmth/thickness Tog/cm 

Chemical Protection These effects are insidious, lethally horrific  Mustard attacks moist skin, tissues and respiratory tract causing severe blistering  Nerve agents affect the transmission of nerve impulses in the body 

Biological Protection Bacteria and viruses  Nasal or full face respirators 

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Hoods and efficient seals, gloves and over boot complete the ensemble

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Clothing is made of completely impermeable butyl rubber materials

Impact Protection Textiles 

Protect against high energy impacts without sacrificing flexibility, breathability or ease of use

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APS is an intelligent fabric

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consists of 3-D spacer textile

Impact Protection Textiles Fully integrated active safety that can be stitched directly into the garments  Material customization and versatility that allow many creative design possibilities  Breathable, flexible and lightweight construction for outstanding comfort and freedom of movement  Washable for easy care and maintenance 

Stab & Ballistic Protection vests that protect their wearer against the twin threats of bullet and knives  DSM’s high performance polyethylene fiber (Dyneema) provides ballistic protection  Bekaert’s steel cord (Steel skin) gives the wearer stab protection 

Flames, Heat and Flash Protection Flame retardant material in forces is Proban treated cotton  Low cost  Wide availability  Low shrinkage in fire  It must not be laundered with soap using hard water 

Decontamination Technology 

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Process of neutralizing or removing chemical or biological agents Military purposes, decontamination must restore the combat effectiveness of equipment and personnel as rapidly as possible In one of the existing technology it is based on micro-porous membranes Naval Research Laboratory's Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering (CBMSE) have developed a new cost-effective, self-decontaminating ultra thin materials coating that actively destroys pesticides and related chemical agents on

Decontamination Technology Coating neutralizes toxins instantly leaving no hazardous residue, which makes it ideal for use in protective clothing for military personnel and civilians  The U.S. Army Edgewood Chemical Biological Center (ECBC) developed a patented technology to neutralize organo phosphorus chemical agents and pesticides  Enzymatic decontamination technology  DEFENZ™ is now on the market 

Camouflage  

Camouflagebecame an essential part of modern military tactics

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The word camouflage comes from the French word ‘camoufler’ (to disguise) and was first introduced by the French during World War I to define the concealment of objects and people by the imitation of their physical surroundings, in order to survive

Camouflage Requirements  Visual

spectrum

 Ultraviolet  Near  Far

infrared

infrared

 Acoustic  Radar

emissions

spectrum

Conclusion 

The general aims of future systems are

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Improve protection against natural and battlefield threats  Maintain thermo-physiological comfort or survival in extreme conditions  Improve compatibility between and within different clothing components  Reduce weight and bulk of materials 

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References Wellington Sears Handbook of Industrial Textiles – Sabit Adanur  Textiles for Protection – Ed. by Richard A. Scott  www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_camouflage  Impact protection becomes flexible, lightweight & breathable, Tech Text Int., p31, May 2006  Stab & ballistic protection combined in vest, Technical Textiles Int., p10, Mar/Apr 2006  Protective Clothing, Wood head Publishing, 2005 

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