Class 4 - Leading ji6g

Class 4: Leading

Who would you follow?  What kind of person would you follow as a leader?  Traits a leader should have

Leader vs. Manager  Manager –  An appointed position  someone who is responsible for directing and controlling the work and employees of an organization  Has authority to instruct, ensure compliance, reward and punish  Plans, organizes, leads and controls

 Leader  Someone whom people willingly follow

5 Qualities of Good Leaders 1. Vision 1. Clear idea of where they are going and what trying to accomplish

2. Courage 1. Willingness to do the right thing even when it is difficult 2. “The foremost of the virtues, for upon it, all others depend” – Winston Churchill

3. Integrity 1. Truthfulness 2. Always tell the truth

5 Qualities of Good Leaders 4. Humility 1. Having the self-confidence to recognize the value of others with out feeling threatened 2. Willing to it you may be wrong or not have all the answers

5. Focus 1. Not get distracted https://www.briantracy.com/blog/leadership-success/theseven-leadership-qualities-of-great-leaders-strategilanning/

6 Leadership Qualities – Warren Bennis 1. Integrity 2. Dedication 3. Magnanimity

4. Humility 5. Openness 6. Creativity

6 Leadership Qualities – Tony Robinson 1. Confidence 2. Focus 3. Honesty

4. Positivity 5. Decisiveness 6. Inspirational

The Four Dimensions of Leadership – James Scouller  4 Dimensions – What leaders do  3 Levels – The context in which leaders lead.

Leadership Dimensions "Leadership is a process that involves (four dimensions):

1. setting a purpose and direction which inspires people to work towards willingly;

2. paying attention to the means, pace and quality of progress towards the aim;

3. upholding group unity, and 4. attending to individual effectiveness throughout.” (From The Three Levels of Leadership, James Scouller, 2011)

Four Dimensions of Leadership  Dimension 1 – Motivating Purpose - Set purpose

that inspire others  Dimension 2 – Task, progress, and Results –

Accomplish tasks and monitor progress  Dimension 3 – Creating and Upholding Group Unity –

Team Spirit  Dimension 4 – Attention to Individuals

Note  The overall leader of a group does not have to lead in all 4 dimensions, others can lead in some of the dimensions

 However, the overall leader has to ensure that leadership is happening in all 4 dimensions

Leader  The person with overall responsibility for the group  The leader has to ensure that all 4 dimensions of leadership are occuring

Leadership  "The responsibility of a leader is to make sure there is leadership - to ensure that all four dimensions of leadership are being addressed... This means the leader does not always have to lead from the front; he or she can delegate, or share part of their responsibility for leadership. However, the buck still stops with the leader. So although the leader can let someone else lead in a particular situation, he or she cannot let go of responsibility to make sure there is (overall) leadership."

Leadership  ultimate responsibility for leadership is retained by the leader.

Dimension 1 – Motivating Purpose  Share a purpose that employees can get excited about  People must care about the purpose  Purpose must feel innately worthwhile

 Purpose must benefit others  Want people to be internally motivated

Motivation  A drive  A desire  Persistence

Motivation  Intrinsic motivation: inspires from within    

Feel a part of something bigger than themselves Feeling of connection to others Working on a worthwhile challenge A chance to express your creativity

 Extrinsic motivation – external to the person  Punishment  Reward

Dimension 2 – Task, Progress & Results  Ensure the task is being accomplished  Monitor progress and results  Prioritize

 Allow creativity

Dimension 3 – Creating & Upholding Group Unity  Putting the group’s interest ahead of their own and ing each other

 Team spirit

 Most managers do not understand the importance of group unity

 Together cam accomplish more than each individually

Potential Group Problems  “Groupthink”    

Preserve harmony Reduce conflict Avoid critical analysis Go along with bad plans

 “Social loafing”  Some don’t pull their weight

 Hidden agendas  Scapegoating

 Cliques  Conflict

Solution  Create unity by  Defining clear motivating purpose  ing each other  Sharing knowledge

 Preserve unity by  Ensuring everyone feel included and noticed  understand how decisions made  Building trust as people do what they commit to do

Results of disunity  Sabotage  Lack of coordination  Lack of effort

 Lack of communication  Low output  Lack of trust

Dimension 4 – Attention to Individuals  Choose good people  Notice each individual  Understand their differences

 Develop a personal relationship  Be visible  Wander around and chat with employees

Leadership – 3 levels 1. Public Leadership: leadership actions in a group setting. It covers dimensions 1, 2 and 3 (Direction/Purpose, Task, Group Unity).

2. Private Leadership: another outer or behavioural level. It covers dimensions 1, 2 and 4 (individual aspects of Direction, Task, attention to Individuals).

3. Personal Leadership: an inner level. It covers all four dimensions (Purpose, Task, Group Unity, Individuals), although less directly than the two outer levels.

1. Public Leadership Behaviours –  Actions in a group setting (meeting) or influencing the org. as a whole to accomplish dimensions 1,2, and 3

1. Set direction  Setting the vision  Ensuring unity of purpose

1. Public Leadership Behaviours 2. Monitor the Task  Achieving the group task  Monitoring progress  Creating peer pressure towards shared, high performance standards

1. Public Leadership Behaviours 3. Group Unity  Create and uphold group identity and atmosphere of shared responsibility for overall performance  Trust, togetherness  Respect  Sharing of information

1. Public Leadership Behaviours  Some leaders overemphasize the first two and ignore the need to create team spirit

 Others pay too much attention to atmosphere and insufficient to results

2. Private Leadership Behavours – handling of individual group  Concerned with dimensions 1, 2 and 4, accomplishing individual tasks and developing individual relationships  Getting to know each individual, what motivates him or her  Agreeing on individual goals to the group goal  Reviewing individual task performance  Helping individuals grow beyond their current roles  Disciplining and removing underperforming individuals

3. Personal Leadership – A leader’s personal growth

1. Technical Knowhow and Skill- Knowing the business you are in and understanding the people you lead (Individual psychology, group psychology, and time management)

2. Positive Attitude Towards Others – Believing others are as important as you and you are here to serve those you lead. Maintaining the relationship.

3. Self-Mastery – The power to control one’s actions, impulses, or emotions. Starts with self awareness.

Leadership Continuum  Tells  Sells  Suggests

 Consults  s  Delegates  Abdicates

Ethics

Engineering Ethics Core Concepts  Public interest  Qualities of truth, honesty, and fairness  Professional performance

Ethical Problems in Consulting and Construction  Political contributions  Distribution of public services  Construction safety

Construction-Hyatt Regency

Ethical Problems  Environmental  Conflict of interest  Gifts  Inside Information

HW  Give examples where the general manager of Calm Seas applies James Scouler’s theory of leadership, that is, where she applied the four dimensions and operated at the three levels.