Aws A5.28 v6g3y

AWS A S - 2 8 9 6

0 7 8 4 2 b 5 050b5LL 5 2 1

ANSVAWS A5.28-96 An American National Standard

Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods forGas Shielded Arc Welding

American Welding Society COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc. Licensed by Information Handling Services

Words Key

- Filler metal

specifications, low-alloy steel welding electrodes, gas metal arc welding, plasma arc welding, low-alloy steel welding rods, metal cored electrodes, high-strength steel, solid electrode, gas tungsten arc welding, stranded electrodes

An American

ANSVAWS A5.28-96 National Standard

Approved by American National Standards Institute March 29,1996

Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodesand Rods

for Gas Shielded Arc Welding Supersedes AWS A5.28-79

Prepared by AWS Committee on Filler Metal Under the Direction of AWS Technical Activities Committee Approved by AWS Board of Directors

Abstract Classification requirements are specified for solid low-alloy steel electrodes and rods, composite stranded low-alloy steel electrodes, and composite metal cored low-alloy steelelectrodes for gas shielded arc welding. The requirements for electrodes include chemical composition of the electrode for solid electrodes and rods, and of the weld metal for composite stranded and composite metal cored electrodes.

American Welding Society 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126

COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc. Licensed by Information Handling Services

AWS A 5 - 2 8 96

0 7 8 4 2 6 5 O506533 3 T Y

Statement on Use of AWS Standards All standards (codes, specifications, recommended practices, methods, classifications, and guides) of the American Welding Society are voluntary consensus standards that have beendeveloped in accordance with the rules of the American National Standards Institute. When AWS standards are either incorporated in, or made part of, documents that are included in federal or state laws and regulations, or the regulations of other governmental bodies, their provisions carry the full legal authority of the statute. In such cases, any changes in those AWS standards must be approved by the governmental body having statutory jurisdiction before they can become a part of those laws and regulations. In all cases, these standards carry the full legal authority of the contract or other document that invokes the AWS standards. Where this contractual relationship exists, changes in or deviations from requirements of an AWS standard must be by agreement between the contracting parties.

International Standard Book Number: 0-87 171-469-8 American Welding Society,550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126 O 1996 by American Welding Society. All rights reserved

Printed in the United States of America Note: The primary purpose of AWS is to serve and benefit its . To this end, AWS provides a forum for the exchange, consideration, and discussion of ideas and proposals that are relevant to the welding industry and theconsensus of which forms the basis for these standards. By providing such a forum, AWS does not assume any duties to which a of these standards may berequired to adhere. By publishing this standard, the American Welding Society does not insure anyone using the information it contains against any liability arising from that use. Publication of a standard by the American Welding Society does not carry with it any right to make, use, or sell any patented items. s of the information in this standard should make an independent, substantiating investigation of the validity of that information for their particular use and the patent status of any item referred to herein. With regard to technical inquiries made concerning AWS standards, oral opinions on AWS standards may be rendered. However, suchopinions represent only the personal opinions of the particular individuals giving them. These individuals do not speak on behalf of AWS, nor do these oral opinions constitute official or unofficial opinions or interpretations of AWS. In addition, oral opinions are informal and should not be used as a substitute for an official interpretation. This standard is subject to revision at anytime by the AWS Filler Metal Committee. It must bereviewed every five years and if not revised, it must beeither reapproved or withdrawn. Comments (recommendations, additions, or deletions) and any pertinent data that may be of use in improving this standard are requested and should be addressed to AWS Headquarters. Such comments will receive careful consideration by the AWS Filler Metal Committee and the author of the comments will be informed of the Committee’s response to the comments. Guests are invited to attend all meetings of the AWS Filler Metal Committee to express their comments verbally. Procedures for appeal of an adverse decision concerning all such comments are provided in the Rules of Operation of the Technical Activities Committee. A copy of these Rules can be obtained from the American Welding Society,550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126.


AWS A5.28

96

0 7 8 4 2 6 5 O506534 230

Personnel AWS Committee on Filler Metal The Lincoln Electric Company Elliott Company Inco Alloys International, Incorporated American WeldingSociety AlcoTec Wire Company Electromanufacturas S. A. U.S. Army Research Laboratory Carpenter Technology Corporation ESAB Welding and Cutting Products Consultant Consultant Consultant Precision Components Corporation The Lincoln Electric Company Hobart Brothers Company Westinghouse Electric Corporation Exxon Research and Engineering Foster Wheeler Energy Corporation ESAB Welding and Cutting Products The Lincoln Electric Company Hallstrom Consultants Consultant Consultant National Electrical Manufacturers Association Chrysler Corporation Techalloy Company Maryland Specialty Wire Consultant Consultant MAC Associates Arctec Canada Limited Consultant McKay Welding Products Ampco Metal, Incorporated Consultant Department of the Navy Kobe Steel Limited Sverdrup Technology Incorporated Wall Colmonoy Corporation Consultant The Lincoln Electric Company Consultant Consultant Canadian Welding Bureau

D. J. Kotecki, Chairman R. A . LaFave, Ist Vice Chairman J. P: Hunt, 2nd Vice Chairman J. C. Meyers, Secretary B. E. Anderson R. L. Bateman" R. Bonneau R. S. Brown R. A. Bushey J. Caprarola, Jc L. J. Christensen* R. J. Christoffel D. J. Crement D. D. Crockett R. A. Daemen D. A, DelSipore H. W Ebert J. G. Feldstein S. E. Ferree D. A . Fink G. Hallstrom, JI: R, L. Harris* D. C. Helton W S. Howes R. W Jud R. B. Kadiyala G. A. Kurisky N. E. Larson A. S. Laurenson G. H. MacShane L. M. Malik* M. T. Merlo S. J. Merrick A. R. Mertes J. W Mortimer C. L. Null 2: Ogata" J. J. Payne R. L. Peaslee E. W Pickering, Jc M. A. Quintana H. E Reid" S. D. Reynolds, J E * L. E Roberts *Advisor

...

111


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AWS A 5 . 2 8

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0 7 8 4 2 6 5 O506535 177

AWS Committee onFiller Metal (continued) Consultant D. Rozet** Det Norske Veritas (DNV) P. K. Salvesen Chicago Bridge and Iron Company O. W Seth Consultant W A. Shopp* ESAB Group, Incorporated M. S. Sierdzinski The Lincoln Electric Company R. G. Sim Welding Consultants, Incorporated L. R. Soisson** Bechtel Corporation R. W Straiton* Sulit Engineering R. A. Sulit ESAB Group, Incorporated R. D. Sutton Euroweld, Limited R. A. Swain Consultant J. W Tackett R. D. Thomas and Company R. D. Thomas, JI: R. Timerman * Conarco, S. A. Consultant R. T Webster** Arcos Alloys H. D. Wehr Consultant A. E. Wiehe* Consultant W L. Wilcox* Consultant E J. Winsor* Siemens Power Corporation K. G. Wold

AWS Subcommittee on Carbon andLow-Alloy Steel Electrodes andRods for Gas ShieldedArc Welding The Lincoln Electric Company American Welding Society Hobart Brothers Company Continental Steel Corporation Techalloy Company Edison Welding Institute Elliott Company Chrysler Corporation Consultant Kobe Steel Limited Ford Motor Company Hobart Brothers Company MAOrnestinghouse Consultant Canadian Welding Bureau ESAB Group, Incorporated Conarco, S. A. Caterpillar, Incorporated Consultant National Standard Company

D. A. Fink, Chairman J. C. Meyers, Secretary J. C. Bundy P. R. Grainger* R. B. Kadiynlu R. H . Kratzenberg R. A. LaFave W A. Murttila M.T Merlo Y Ogata* C. E Pudden M. P. Parekh D. M. Parker L. J. Privoznik* L. F: Roberts R. B. Smith R. Timerman * C. R. Webb W L. Wilcox* D. W Yonker; JI: *Advisor **Deceased

iv COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc. Licensed by Information Handling Services

Foreword (This Foreword is not a part of ANSYAWS A5.28-96, Specifcation for Low-AlloySteel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding,but is included for information purposes only.) The first edition of A5.28 was issued in 1979 as an American Welding Society (AWS) standard. This current document is the first revision issued. The format of this standard has been changed to conform to that being used for all filler metal specifications revised since 1984. The history of the A5.28 document may be summarized as follows: AWS A5.28-79

Specification f o r Low Alloy Steel Filler Metals for Gas Shielded Metal Arc Welding

Comments and suggestions for the improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the Secretary, Filler Metal Committee, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33 126. Official interpretations of any of the technical requirements of this standard may be obtained by sending a request, in writing, to the Managing Director, Technical Services Division, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126. A formal reply will beissued after is has been reviewedby the appropriate personnel following established procedures.

V


Table of Contents .

Page No

... 111

Personnel .................................................................................................................................................................... Fore wo rd ................................................................................................................................................................... v List of Tables .............................................................................................................................................................. vii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................................ vi¡ 1 . Scope ..................................................................................................................................................................

1

Part A-General Requirements

2. 3. 4. 5.

Classification ..................................................................................................................................................... Acceptance ......................................................................................................................................................... Certification ....................................................................................................................................................... Units of Measure and Rounding-Off Procedure ................................................................................................

1 1 1 1

Part B-Tests. Procedures. und Requirements

6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 1I . 12. 13.

Summary of Tests............................................................................................................................................... 5 Retest .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 WeldTestAssemblies ........................................................................................................................................ 7 ChemicalAnalysis ............................................................................................................................................. 7 Radiographic Test ............................................................................................................................................... 9 Tension Test ....................................................................................................................................................... 12 Impact Test ......................................................................................................................................................... 12 Diffusible Hydrogen Test ................................................................................................................................... 12

Part C-Manufacture. ldentificcltion. and Packtrging 14. 15 . 16. 17. I8 . I9. 20. 21 .

Method of Manufacture ..................................................................................................................................... Standard Sizes .................................................................................................................................................... Finish and Uniformity ........................................................................................................................................ Standard Package Forms .................................................................................................................................... Winding Requirements....................................................................................................................................... Filler Metal Identification .................................................................................................................................. Packaging ........................................................................................................................................................... Marking of Packages ..........................................................................................................................................

15 15

15 15

15 17

20 20

Anne.v-Guide to AWS Specification for Lo~1-AlIoySteel Elec.trocles m ~ Roclsfilr d Gas Shiellcd Arc Welding

Al . A2. A3. A4 . A5. A6 . A7 . A8. A9 . AIO.

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................................... 21 Classification System ...................................................................................................................................... 21 Acceptance....................................................................................................................................................... 23 Certification ..................................................................................................................................................... 23 Ventilation During Welding ............................................................................................................................. 23 Welding Considerations ................................................................................................................................... 23 Description and Intended Use of Electrodes and Rods................................................................................... 25 Special Tests.................................................................................................................................................... 28 Discontinued Classifications ........................................................................................................................... 28 General Safety Considerations ........................................................................................................................ 29

AWS Filler Metal Specifications and Related Docm~ents........................................................................................

vi COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc. Licensed by Information Handling Services

33

Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding

1. Scope

3. Acceptance

This specification prescribes requirements for the classification of low-alloy steel electrodes (solid, composite stranded, and composite metal cored) and rods (solid) for gas metal arc welding (GMAW), gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW), and plasma arc welding (PAW).

Acceptance' of the electrodes and rods shall be in accordance with the provisions ofANSUAWS A5.01, Filler MetalProcurement Guidelines.2

4. Certification By affixing the AWS specification and classification designations to the packaging or the classification to the product, the manufacturer certifies that the product meets the requirements of this spe~ification.~

Part A General Requirements

5. Units of Measure and RoundingOff Procedure

2. Classification 2.1The solid electrodes (and rods) covered by this specification are classified according to the chemical composition of the electrode, as specified in Table 1, and the mechanical properties of the weld metal, as specified in Tables 3 and 4. The composite metal cored and stranded electrodes covered by this specification are classified according to the chemical composition and mechanical properties of the weld metal, as specified in Tables 2, 3, and 4, and the shielding gas employed.

5.1 U.S. customary units are the standard units of measure in this specification. The SI units are given as equivalent values to the U.S. customary units. The standard sizes and dimensions in the two systems are not identical and, for this reason, conversion from a standard size or dimension in one system will not always coincide with a standard size or dimension in the other. Suitable conversions, encoming standard sizes of both, can be made, however, if appropriate tolerances are applied in each case.

2.2 Electrodes and rods under one classification shall not be classified under any other classification in this specification, except that ER80S-D2 may also be classified as ER90S-D2, provided that classification requirements for both are met.

1. See Section A3, Acceptance (in the Annex), for further informationconcerningacceptance, testing of thematerial FillerMetalProcurement shipped,andANSYAWSA5.01, Guidelines. 2. AWS standards can be obtained from the American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, FL 33126. 3. SeeSection A4, Certification (in theAnnex)forfurther information concerning certification and the testing called for to meet this requirement.

2.3 The welding electrodes and rods classified under this specification are intended for gas shielded arc welding, but that is notto prohibit their use with any other process (or any other shielding gas or combination of shielding gases) for which they are found suitable.

1 COPYRIGHT American Welding Society, Inc. Licensed by Information Handling Services

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AUS A 5 - 2 8 96 4

Table 3 Tension Test Requirements Tensile Strength (minimum)

Yield Strength (minimum)

psi

MPa

psi

MPa

Elongation Percent (minimum)

ER70S-B2Lf E7OC-B2L‘ ER70S-Al

75 o00

515

58 O00

400

19

ER80S-B2 E8OC-B2

80 O00

550

68 O00

470

19

80 O00

550

68 O00

AWS Classification

Shielding Gasa

Argon/l-S%

ER80S-B3Lf E8OC-B3Lf E90C-B3 ER90S-B3

I II

o2

I

1

I

620

I

78 O 0 0

I

540

1

470

PWHTC

17 I

I

I

A

ER80S-B6 ER8OS-B8 ER90S-B9

90 O00

17

Testing Condition

ArgonlS% O,

E80C-Nil ESOC-Ni2 ER80S-Ni3 E80C-Ni3 ER80S-D2 ER90S-D2 E90C-D2

I

c02

Argon/l-5% O,

ERllOS-1 Argon/2%

0,

ER120S-1 ER70S-G E7OC-G ESOC-G ER90S-G E9OC-G

I

1

(4

ER100S-G E 1OOC-G

(4

100 o00

690

(4

(e)

(e)

(e)

ERllOS-G EllOC-G

(4

110 o00

760

(e)

(e)

(e)

(e)

ER120S-G E120C-G

(dl

o00

830 120

(e)

(e)

(e)

(e)

Notes: a. The use of a particular shielding gas for classification purposes shall not be construed to restrict the use of shielding gas mixtures. A filler metal tested with other gas blends, such as Argon/O, or ArgonKO, may result in weld metal having different strengthand elongation. Classification with other gas blends shallbe as agreed upon between the purchaser and supplier. b. Yield strength at 0.2% offset and elongation in 2 in. (51 mm) gage length. c. Postweld heat-treated condition in accordance with Table 7. d. Shielding gas shall be as agreed to between purchaser and supplier. e. Not specified (As agreed to between purchaser and supplier). f. These classifications were previously ER80S-B2, E80C-B2, ERWS-B3L. and E90C-B3L respectively in AWS A5.28-79. The strength levels have been adjusted downward as shown, in orderto accurately reflect the capabilityof the classification’s chemical composition ranges.


5

Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with specification^.^

Table 4 Impact Test Requirements AWS Classificatior ER70S-A 1 ER70S-B2L E70C-B2L ER80S-B2 E8OC-B2 ER80S-B3L E80C-B3L

Average Impact Strengtha (minimum)

Testing Condition

Part B Tests, Procedures, and Requirements

Not Required

-

ER90S-B3 E90C-B3 ER80S-B6 ER80S-B8 ER90S-B9 ER80S-Ni 1 E80C-Ni1

20 ft.lbf at -50°F (27 J @ -46°C)

4s-Welded

20 ft.lbf at -80°F (27 J @ -62°C)

PWHT~

6. Summary of Tests 6.1The tests required for each classification are specified in Table 5. The purpose of these tests is todetermine the chemical composition, the mechanical properties, and soundness of the weld metal. The base metal for the weld test assemblies, the welding and testing procedures to be employed, and the results required are given in Sections 8 through 12.

ERSOS-Ni2 E70C-Ni2

E80C-Ni2 ER80S-Ni3 E80C-Ni3 ER80S-D2 ER90S-D2

13, Diffusible Hydrogen Test, is not required for classification [see note (a) of Table 51. :O ft.lbf at - 100°F (27J @ -73°C)

PWHT~

20 ft-lbf at -20°F (27 J @ -29°C)

4s-Welded

50 ft.lbf at -60°F (68 J @ -51°C)

4s-Welded

E90C-D2

ER100S-1 ERllOS-1 ER 120s-1

ERXXXS-G

EXXC-G

6.2 The optional test for diffusible hydrogen in Section

As agreed between purchaser and supplier.

Notes: a. Both the highest and lowest of the five test values obtained shall be disregarded in computing the impact strength. For classifications requiring 20 ft.lbf (27 J): Two of the remaining three values shall equal or exceed 20 ft,lbf (27J); oneof the three remaining values may be lower than 20 ft.lbf (275) but not lower than 15 ft.lbf (205). The average of the three shall not be less than the 20 ft.lbf (27 J) specified. For classifications requiring 50 ft .Ibf (68 J): Two of the remaining three values shall equal or exceed 50 ft.lbf (68 J); one of the three remaining values may be lower than 50 ft.lbf (68 J) but not lower than 40 ft.lbf (54 J). The average of the three shall not be less than the 50 ft.lbf (68 J) specified. b. Postweld heat treated in accordance with Table 7.

5.2 For the purpose of determining conformance with this specification, an observed or calculated value shall be rounded to the nearest 1000 psi for tensile and yield strength, and to the “nearest unit” in the last right-hand place of figures used in expressing the limiting value for other quantities in accordance withtherounding-off method given in ASTM E29, Recommended Practicefor


7. Retest If the results of any test fail to meet the requirement, thattestshallbe repeated twice. The results of both retests shall meet the requirement. Specimens for retest may be takenfrom the original test assembly or from one or two new test assemblies. For chemical analysis, retest need be only for those specific elements that failed to meet the test requirement. If the results of one or both retests fail to meet the requirement, the material under test shall be considered as not meeting the requirements of this specification for that classification. In the event that, during preparation or after completion of any test, it is clearly determined that prescribed or proper procedures were not followed in preparing the weld test assembly or test specimen(s), or in conducting the test, thetest shall be considered invalid, without regard to whetherthe test was actually completed, or whether test results met, or failed to meet, the requirement,that test shall be repeated, following proper prescribed procedures. In this case, the requirement for doubling the number of test specimens does not apply. 4. ASTM specifications may be obtained from the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959.

6

Table 5 Required Tests Chemical Analysis AWS Classification Electrode

Weld Metal Radiographic

Test

Tension Test

Impact Hydrogen Test

Required

Not Required

Diffusible Test

Solid Electrodes ER70S-A 1 ER70S-B2L ER80S-B2 ER80S-B3L ER90S-B3 ER80S-B6 ER80S-B8 ER90S-B9

Required

Not Required Required

ER80S-Ni1 uired Not Required ER80S-Ni2 ER80S-Ni3

a

ER80S-D2 ER90S-D2 ER100S-1 ER11OS-1 ER12OS-1 Requiredb ERXXS-G

a

Required RequiredRequired

Required Required Not

a

a

Required Required Required Required Not Required a RequiredNotRequired Not Required Required Composite MetalCored Electrodes

E70C-B2L E80C-B2 a Required Not Required Required Required Required Not E80C-B3L E90C-B3 E70C-Ni2 E80C-Ni 1 a Required Required Required Required Not Required E80C-Ni2 E80C-Ni3

dequired

Not E90C-D2 EXXC-G

Required Required Not Requiredb Required

Not a Required

Notes: a. Optional diffusible hydrogen test is required only when specified by the purchaser and the manufacturer putsthe diffusible hydrogen designator on the label (SeeA2.2 and A 8 2 in the Annex). b. To be reported. See A7.15 in the Annex.


ANS A 5 . 2 8

96

0 7 8 4 2 6055 0 6 5 2 4

8. Weld Test Assemblies 8.1 At least one weld test assembly is required, and two may be required (depending on the electrode-solid as opposed to composite-and the mannerinwhich the sample for chemical analysis is taken), as specified in Table 5. They are as follows: (1) The grooveweld in Figure 1 for mechanical properties and soundnessof the weld metal for both composite and solid electrodes (2) The weld pad in Figure 2 for chemical analysis of the weld metal from composite stranded and composite metal cored electrodes The sample for chemical analysis of weld metal from composite electrodes may be taken fromthe reduced section of the fractured all-weld-metal tension test specimen or from the corresponding location in the groove weld in Figure 1, thereby avoiding the need to make a weld pad. Alternatively, the sample from the groove weld may be taken from any location in the weld metal above the tension test specimen. In case of dispute, the weld pad in Figure 2 shall be the referee method. 8.2 Preparation of each weld test assembly shall be as prescribed in 8.3, 8.4, and 8.5. The base metal for each assembly shall be as required in Table 6, and shall meet the requirements of the ASTM specification shown there, or an equivalent specification. Testing of the assembly shall be as prescribed in 9.2,9.3, and Sections 10 through 12.

8 3 Groove Weld 8.3.1 For all classifications, a test assembly shall be prepared and welded as specified in Figure 1, using base metal of the appropriate type specified in Table 6, and the preheat and inter temperature specified in Table 7. The electrode used shall be 0.045 in. (1.1 mm) or 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) size (or the size that the manufacturer produces that is closest to one of these, if these sizes are not produced). Welding shall be in the flat position, and the assembly shall be restrained (or preset) during welding to prevent warpage in excess of 5 degrees. An assembly that has warpedmorethan 5 degrees from plane shall bediscarded. It shall notbe straightened. The test assembly shall be tack welded, and welding shall begin at the preheat temperature specified in Table 7. This inter temperature shall be maintained for the remainder of the weld.Should it benecessary to intermpt welding, the assembly shall be allowed to cool in still air to room temperature. The assembly shall be preheatedto the temperature showninTable 7 beforewelding is resumed.Whenwelding has been completed andthe assembly has cooled, the assembly shall be prepared and tested as specified in Sections 10, 11, and 12 in the as-


LBT

m

7

welded or postweld heat-treated condition, as specified in Tables 3 and4. 8.32 Whenrequired, the test assembly shallbe postweld heat-treated before removal of mechanical test specimens. This postweld heat treatment may be done either before or after the radiographic examination.

83.2.1The furnace shall be at a temperature not higher than 600°F (320°C) whenthe test assembly is placed in it.The heating rate, from that point to the specified holding temperature in Table 7, shall not exceed 400°F per hour (220°C perhour). 83.2.2 The test assembly shall be maintained at the temperature specified in Table 7 for 1 hour (-0, +15 minutes).

8.3.23 When the one hour holding time has been completed, the assembly shall be allowed to cool in the furnace to a temperature below 600°F (320°C) at a rate not exceeding 350°F (190°C) per hour. The assembly mayberemoved from the furnace at any temperature below 600°F (320°C) and allowed to cool in still air to room temperature. Testing of the assembly shall be as specified in Sections 10 through12. 8.4 Weld Pad. A weld pad shall be prepared using com-

posite stranded and composite metal cored electrodes as shown in Figure 2, except when, as permitted in 8.1, the sample for analysis is taken from the groove weld (Figure 1) or the fractured tension test specimen. Base metal of any convenient size which will satisfy the minimum requirements of Figure 2, and is of a type specified in Table 6, shall be used as the base for the weld pad. The surface of the base metal on which the filler metal is deposited shall be clean. The pad shall be welded in the flat positionwith multiple layers to obtain undiluted weld metal (4 layers minimum thickness). The electrode size shall be 0.045 in. (1.1 mm) or 1/16 in. (1.6 mm), or the size that the manufacturer produces that is closest to one of these, if these sizes are not produced. The preheattemperature shall not be less than 60'F (16°C) andthe inter temperature shall not exceed that specified in Table7. Any slag shall be removedafter each . The pad may be quenched in water between es (temperature of the water is not specified). The dimensions of the completed padshall be as shown inFigure 2, Testing of this assembly shall be as specified in 9.2 and 9.3. The results shall meetthe requirements of 9.4.

9. Chemical Analysis 9.1 A sample of the solid electrode or rod shall be prepared for chemical analysis. Solid filler metal. when

SI EQUIVALENTS in.

mm

1/8 1 3/8 /2 1 19.1 314 1 5 10

3.2 6.4 9.5 13

/4

25 125 250

SEE NOTE c l STANDARD TEST PLATE

BUlTEREDTESTPLATE (See footnote ya" of Table 6)

(C) ORIENTATION OF IMPACT SPECIMEN METAL

(D) LOCATION OF ALL-WELP TENSION SPECIMEN

(B) GROOVE PREPARATION OF TEST PLATE

Test Conditions for Solid Electrodes (i)

0.045 (h) Size Standard See (9)Shielding Gas (102 in./min 240 mm/sec) *5% (190 in./min Wire 450 Rate Feed 27 Voltage Arc Nominal Approx. Resulting Current, DCEP (d) (DCEP = electrode positive) Tip-to-Work Distance (f) Travel Speed 13 Temperature lnter See and Preheat

mdsec) 6% V

to 32

300 to 360A (e) 7/8(22 iin. 1/8 mm) 7/8 f3 i 21in./min (5.5 .Omm/sec) TableSee Table 7

25 to 30 V 340 to 420A (e) (22 fin. 1/8 13 in./min i2

mm) f3 1 (5.5 .O mdsec)

7

Notes: a. All dimensions (excluding angles) are in inches. b. Prior to welding, the assembly may be preset as shown so that the welded t will be sufficiently flat to facilitate test specimen removal. As an alternative, restraintor a combination of restraint and preset may be used. of the backing shallbe buttered as shown. Any size of the electrode C. When required, edges of the grooves and the ing face being testedmay be used for buttering. See Table 6, Note (a). d. The required combinations of electrode feed rate, arc voltage, and tip-to-work distance should produce welding currents in the ranges shown. Currents substantially outside these ranges suggest errors in feed rate, tip-to-work distance, voltage settings, in instrumentation. or 330 410A. (1.1 shall be 260to 320A and for 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) dia., to e. For ERBOS-D2classification, the amperage range for 0.045" mm) to work, not from the shielding gas cup to the work. f. Distance from the tip in Table 3 are used,the wire feed speed (and resulting current), arc voltage, and 9. If shielding gasesor blends other than those shown to between purchaser and supplier. travel speed are to be as agreed h. If sizes other than 0.045 in. (1.1 mm) and 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) are tested, wire feed speed (and resulting current), arc voltage, and tip-towork distance shallbe changed as needed.This t configuration is not recommended for sizes smaller than 0.035 in. (0.9 mm). by the manufacturer. Preheat and interI. Test conditions for composite stranded and metal cored electrodes shall be as recommended temperature shallbe in accordance with Table 7.

Figure 1-Groove Weld Test Assemblyfor Mechanical Properties and Soundness


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h)

c )

W, WIDTH (SEE

NOTE \

/

H, HEIGHT (SEE NOTE h)

LBASE METAL Notes: a. Base metal of any convenient size,of any type, specified inTable 6 , shall be used as the base metal for the weld pad. b. The surface of the base metalon which the filler metal isto be deposited shallbe clean. of sufficient height. c. The pad shall be welded in the flat position with successive layers to obtain weld metal of the weave, as well as the amperage d. The number and sizeof the beadswill vary accordingto the sizeof the electrode and the width employed. e. The preheat temperature shall not be less than60°F (16%) and the inter temperature shall not exceed 325°F (164°C). f. Any slag shall be removed after each . g. The test assembly may be quenchedin water between es to control inter temperature. and h. The minimum completed pad size shallbe at least four layers in height(H). Length (L), after allowance for start and stop areas, at least taken 3/8 in. (9 mm) above the original base width (W) shall be sufficient to perform analysis. The sample for analysis shall be metal surface.

Figure 2-Pad for Chemical Analysisof Weld Metal from Composite Electrodes

analyzed for elements that are present in a coating (copper flashing, for example), shall beanalyzedwithout removing the coating. When the filler metal is analyzed for elements other than those in the coating, the coating shall be removed if its presence affects the results of the analysis for the other elements.

9.3 The sample obtained as specified in 9.1 or 9.2 shall be analyzed by accepted analytical methods. The referee method shall beASTM E350, Standard Method for Chemical Analysis of Carbon Steel, Low Alloy Steel, Silicon Electrical Steel, Ingot Iron and Wrought Iron. 9.4 The results of the analysis shall meet the require-

9.2 Composite stranded and metal cored electrodes shall be analyzed in the form of weld metal, not filler metal. The sample for analysis shall be taken from weld metal obtained with the electrode and a shielding gas as specified in Tables 2 and 3. The sample may be taken from the weld pad prepared in accordance with 8.4, from an area of the groove weld as specified in 8.1, or from the reduced section of the fractured tension test specimen. In case of dispute, the weld padis the referee method. The top surface of the pad described in 8.4 and shown in Figure 2 shall be removed anddiscarded. A sample for analysis shall be obtained from the underlying metal, no closer than 3/8 in. (9.5 mm) to the surface of the base metal in Figure 2, by any appropriate mechanical means. The sample shall be free of slag. When the sample is taken from the groove weld or the reduced section of the fractured tension test specimen, that material shall be prepared for analysis by any suitable mechanical means.


ments of Table 1 for solid electrode or Table 2 for composite electrodes for the classification of electrode under test.

10. Radiographic Test 10.1The groove weld described in 8.3.1 and shown in Figure 1 shall be radiographed to evaluate the soundness of the weldmetal.In preparation for radiography, the backing shall be removed, and both surfaces of the weld shall be machined or ground smooth. Both surfaces of the test assembly, inthe area of the weld, shall be smooth enough to avoid difficulty in interpreting the radiograph. 10.2 The weld shall be radiographed in accordance with ASTM E142, Standard Method for Controlling Quality of Radiographic Testing. The quality level of inspection shall be 2-2T.

10

Table 6 Base Metalfor Test Assemblies Base MetalASTM Standarda Base Metal UNS

AWS Classification

Numbe8

ER70S-B2L E7OC-B2L ER80S-B2 E80C-B2

A387 Grade 11

K11789

ER80S-B3L E80C-B3L ER90S-B3 E90C-B3

A387 Grade 22

K2 1590

ER80S-B6

A387 Grade 5

S50200

ER8OS-B8

A387 Grade 9

s50400

ER90S-B9

A387 Grade 91

s50460

A5 16Grade 60,65, or 70

K02100, K02403, orKO2700

A537 Class 1 or 2

K12437, K21703,or K22103

A203 GradeA or B, or HY-80 steel in accordance with MIL-S-16216

J42015

E70C-Ni2 ER80S-Ni2 E80C-Ni2

A203 GradeA or B or HY-80 steel in accordance with MIL-S-16216

K22103, K21703,or J42015

ER80S-Ni3 E8OC-Ni3

A203 GradeD or E or HY80steel in accordance with MIL-S-16216

K31718 or K32018 J42015

ER70S-A1 ER80S-D2 E90C-D2 ER90S-D2

ASTM A36, A285 GradeC, A5 15Grade 70,or 16 Grade 70

ER100S-1 ER100S-G Elm-G ERllOS-1 ERllOS-G EllOC-G ER 120s-1 ER 120s-G E l 20C-G

HY-80 or HY 100 steel in accordance with MIL-S-16216

ERXXS-G EXXC-G

See notea

ER80S-Nil E80C-Ni 1

1

K02600. K03101, KO2700 A5

J420 15 or J42240

Notes: a. For any weld metal classification inthis specification, ASTM A36, A285 Grade C, A5 15Grade 70, or A516 Grade 70 may be used. In that case, the groove faces and the ing faceof the backing shallbe buttered, as shown in Figure 1, using t h e electrode being classified or an electrode of the same weld metal composition as that specified for the electrode being tested, or using an electrode of the specified composition classified in another AWS low-alloy steel fillermetal specification. Alternately, for the indicated weld metal classification, the corresponding base metals may be used for weld test assemblies without buttering. In case of dispute, buttered A36 steel shall be the referee material. b. ASTWSAE Unified Numbering System for Metals and Alloys.


11

Table 7 Preheat, Inter, and Postweld Heat Treatment Temperatures Inter Temperaturea Temperaturea and PWHT Preheat AWS Classification ~

"C

"F

~~

"F

ER70S-A1 ER80S-B2 ER70S-B2L E8OC-B2 WOC-BZL

275-325

135-165

620 f 15

f 25

690 i 15

745

i 25

f

15

745

f 25

f

15

f 25

f

15

1275185-215 375-425 177-232 350-450 ER80S-B6 ER80S-B8

205-260

400-500

150-260 300-500 ER90S-B9 ER80S-Ni2 ER80S-Ni3 E7OC-Ni2 E8OC-Ni2 E80C-Ni3

Noneb

ER80S-D2 ER90S-D2 E90C-D2 ER80S-Nil 135-165 ESOC-Nil ER100S-1 ERllOS-1 ER120S-1

1150135-165 275-325

620

275-325

ERXXXS-G EXXC-G -

"C

~~

Conditions as agreed upon between supplier and purchaser

~~_______

Notes: a. These temperatures are specified for testing under this specification and are not to be considered as recommendations for preheat, inter. and postweld heat treatment in production welding. The requirements for production welding must be determined by the . They may or may not differ from those called for here. b. These classifications are normally used in the as-welded condition.


12

AWS A 5 - 2 8 9 6

= 0784265

10.3 The soundnessof the weld metal meets the requirements of this specification if the radiograph shows no cracks, no incomplete fusion, and no rounded indications in excess of those permitted by the radiographic standards in Figure 3. In evaluating the radiograph, 1in. (25 mm) of the weld on each end of the test assembly shall be disregarded. 10.3.1 A rounded indication is an indication (on the radiograph)whoselength is no morethan3 times its width. Rounded indications maybe circular, elliptical, conical, or irregular in shape, and they may have tails. The size of a rounded indication is the largest dimension of the indication, including any tail that may be present. The indication may be of porosity or slag. Indications whoselargest dimensiondoes notexceed 1/64 in. (0.4 mm) shall be disregarded. Test assemblies with indications larger than the largestindications permitted inthe radiographic standards (Figure 3) do notmeet the requirements of this specification.

11. Tension Test 11.1 One all-weld-metal tension test specimen shall be machined from the groove weld described in 8.3.1 and shown in Figure 1 as required in Table 5. The dimensions of the specimen shall beas shown in Figure 4. 11.2 Before testing, the specimen may be aged at 200 to 220°F (93 to 104OC) for up to 48 hours, then allowed to cool to room temperature. Refer to A8.3 for a discussion on the purposeof aging treatments. 11.3 The specimen shall be tested in the manner described in the tension test section of ANSUAWS B4.0, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds.

0506527 761

12.3 In evaluating thetest results, the lowestand the highest values obtainedshall be disregarded. For classifications requiring 20 ft-lbf (27 J), two of the remaining three values shall equal, or exceed, the specified 20 ft.lbf (27 J) energy level. One of the three may be lower, but not lower than 15 ftslbf (20 J), and the average of the three shall be not less than the required 20 ft.lbf (27 J) energy level. Forclassifications requiring 50 ft.lbf (68 J), two of the remaining three values shall equal, or exceed, the specified 50 ft.lbf (68 J) energy level. One of the three may be lower, but not lower than 40 ftalbf (54 J), and the average of the three shall be not less than the required 50 ft.lbf (68 J) energy level.

13. Diffusible Hyctrogen Test 13.1 For each electrode to be identified by an optional diffusible hydrogen designator, the 0.045 in. (1.1 mm) or 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) size (or the size that the manufacturer produces that is closest to one of these, if these sizes are notproduced)shallbetested according to one of the methods given in ANSUAWS A4.3, Standard Methods for Determination of the DifSusible Hydrogen Content of Martensitic, Bainitic, and Ferritic Steel Weld Metal Produced by Arc Welding. The optional supplemental diffusible hydrogen designator may be added to the classification according to the average test value as compared to the requirements of Table 8. If the actual test results for an electrode meet the requirements for the lower or lowesthydrogen designatoras specifiedin Table 8, the electrode also meets the requirements for all higher hydrogen designators in Table 8 without the need for retest.

11.4 The results of the all-weld-metal tension test shall meet the requirements specified in Table 3. Test reports shall indicate if the specimen wastestedin the aged condition.

12. Impact Test

2.0

Table 8 Optional Diffusible Hydrogen Requirementsa

Optional AWS Maximum Supplemental Hydrogen, Electrode Diffusible Hydrogen Metal)cDesignatofi Classification

Average Diffusible (mU100g Deposited

12.1 Five Charpy V-notch impact test specimens (Figure 5 ) shall be machined from the test assembly shown in Figure 1, for those classifications for which impact testH4 ing is required in Table 5. H2

All All All All

12.2 The five specimens shall be tested in accordance with the impact test section of ANSUAWS B4.0, Standard Methods for Mechanical Testing of Welds. The test temperature shall be that specified in Table 4 for the classification under test.

Notes: a. See Note a to Table 5 . b. This designator is added to the end of the complete electrode classification designation. c. Some classificationsmay not meet the lower average diffusible hydrogen levels (H8,H4,and H2).


H16 H8

16.0 8.0 4.0

AWS A 5 . 2 8

m

96

0 7 8 4 2 6 5 0506530 483

e

O

e e

8

13

O

O

e

O

8

e

e e

e

O

e

e

O

(A) ASSORTED ROUNDED INDICATIONS SIZE 1/64 in. (0.4 mm) TO 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH. MAXIMUM NUMBEROF INDICATIONSIN ANY 6 in. (150 mm) OF WELD = 18, WITH THE FOLLOWING RESTRICTIONS: MAXIMUM NUMBER OF LARGE3/64 in. (1.2 mm) TO 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH INDICATIONS= 3. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF MEDIUM1/32 in. (0.8mm) TO 3/64 in. (1.2 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH INDICATIONS= 5. MAXIMUM NUMBEROF SMALL 1/64 in. (0.4 mm) TO 1/32 in. (0.8 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH INDICATIONS= 10.

O

O

O

O O

O

O

(B)LARGE ROUNDED INDICATIONS SIZE 3/64 in. (1.2 mm) TO 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF INDICATIONSIN ANY 6 in. (150 mm) OF WELD = 8. O

0

8

8

8 O

8 O

(C) MEDIUM ROUNDED INDICATIONS SIZE 1/32 in. (0.8mm) TO 3/64 in. ( 1 2 mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF INDICATIONS IN ANY6 in. (150 mm) OF WELD = 15.

e

e

e

e

e

e

e

e

e

e e

e

e e

e

e

e

e

e e

e

e

e

e

e e

e

e

(D) SMALL ROUNDED INDICATIONS SIZE 1/64 in. (0.4 mm) TO 1/32 in. (0.8mm) IN DIAMETER OR IN LENGTH. MAXIMUM NUMBER OF INDICATIONSIN ANY 6 in. (1 50 mm) OF WELD = 30.

Notes: 1. In using these standards, the chartwhich is most representative of the size of the rounded indications present in the test specimen radiograph shall be used for determining conformance to these radiographic standards. 2. Since these are test welds specifically made in the laboratory for classification purposes, the radiographic requirements for these test welds are more rigid than those which may be required for general fabrication. 3. Indications whose largest dimension does not exceed1/64 in. (0.4 mm) shall be disregarded. 4. These standards are equivalent to the Grade1 standards of ANSVAWS A5.1, Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding.

Figure 3 -Radiographic Acceptance Standards


AWS A 5 . 2 B

96

14

= 0784265

~~

0506533 33T

Dimensions of Specimen, in. D

G

0.500* 0.010 2.000

* 0.005

C

B

F, min.

2-114

314

0.375

B

F,min.

Dimensions of Specimen,mm D

9.5

1912.7* 0.2

G

57

C

50.8 0.1

Notes: as long as the load is axial. a. Dimensions G and C shall beas shown, but ends may be of any shape to fit the testing machine holders b. The diameter of the specimen within the gage length shall be slightly smaller at the center than at the ends. The difference shall not exceed one percentof the diameter. of the elongac. When the extensometer is required to determine yield strength, dimension C may be increased. However, the percent tion shallbe based on dimensionG. d. The surface finish within theC dimension shall be no rougher than 63 pin. (1.6pm).

Figure 4 -Tension Test Specimen

SI EQUIVALENTS

in. 0.001

i

f 0.039 in.

0.394in. * 0.001 in.

0.010 0.039 2.5 0.100 0.315 0.394 2.165

mm

0.025 0.255 1 .o

8.0 10.0 55.0

DETAIL OF NOTCH Notes: 1. The notched surface and the surface to be struck shall be parallel within0.002in. (0.05mm) and have at least63 pin. (1.6pm) finish. within minutes of the degree and have at least 125 pin. The othertwo surfaces shall be square with the notched or struck surface i10 (3.2pm) finish. 2. The notch shall be smoothly cut by mechanical means and shall be square with the longitudinal edge of the specimen within one degree. 3. The geometry of the notch shall be measured on at least one specimen in a set of five specimens. Measurement shall be done at minimum 50 times magnification on either a shadowgraph or a metallograph. 4. The correct location of the notch shall be verified by etching before or after machining. 5. If a specimen does not break upon being struck, the value for energy absorbed shall be reported as theofcapacity the impact testing (+). machine followed by a plus sign

Figure 5"Charpy V-Notch Impact Test Specimen


AWS A5.28

= 07842b5 ~

~

96

13.2 Testing shall be done withoutrebaking, or otherwise conditioning the electrode, unless the manufacturer recommends otherwise. If the electrode is rebaked, that fact, along with the method used for rebaking, shall be noted on the test report. 1 3 3 For purposes of certifying compliance with optional diffusible hydrogen requirements, the reference atmospheric condition shall be an absolute humidity of 10 grains of water vapor per pound (1.43 gkg) of dry air at the time of welding. The actual atmospheric conditions shall be reported, along with the average value for the test according to ANSUAWS A4.3.5 13.4 When the absolute humidity equals or exceeds the reference condition at the time of preparation of the test assembly, the test shall be acceptable as demonstrating compliance with the requirements of this specification, providedthe actual test results satisfythe diffusible hydrogen requirements for the applicable optional supplemental designator.

Part C Manufacture, Identification, and Packaging 14. Method of Manufacture The electrodes and rods classified according to this specification may be manufactured by any method that will produce electrodes and rods that meet the requirements of this specification.

050b532 2 5 6 15

operation of the welding equipment, or the properties of the weld metal.

16.2 Each continuous length of filler metal shall be from a single heat or lot of material, and welds, whenpresent, shall have been made so as not to interfere with the uniform, uninterrupted feeding of the filler metal on automatic and semiautomatic equipment. 16.3 The componentsin composite electrodes (including the core ingredients in metal cored electrodes) shall be distributed withsufficientuniformity throughout the length of the electrode so as not to adversely affect the performance of the electrode or the properties of the weld metal. 16.4 A suitable protective coating may be applied to any filler metal in this specification. Copper may be usedas a coating for any classification.

17. Standard Package Forms 17.1 Standard package forms are straight lengths, coils with , coils without , spools, and drums. Standard package dimensions and weights for each form are given in Table 10. Package forms,sizes, and weights other than these shall be as agreed between purchaser and supplier. 17.2 The liners in coils with shall be designed and constructed to prevent distortion of the coil during normalhandlinganduseandshallbecleanand dry enough to maintain the cleanliness of the filler metal, 17.3 Spools shall be designed and constructed to prevent distortion of the filler metal during normal handling and use and shall be clean and dry enough to maintain the cleanliness of the filler metal.

15. Standard Sizes 15.1 Standard sizes for electrodes and rods in the different package forms (straight lengths, coils with , coils without , drums andspools-seeSection 17, Standard Package Forms) are shown in Table 9.

16. Finish and Uniformity 16.1 All electrodes and rods shall have a smooth finish which is free from slivers, depressions, scratches, scale, seams, laps (exclusive of the longitudinal t in composite metal cored electrodes), and foreign matter that wouldadversely affect thewelding characteristics, the

18. Winding Requirements 18.1 Electrodes on spools and in coils (including drums andreels)shallbewound so that kinks, waves, sharp encountered, bends,overlapping or wedgingarenot leaving the filler metal free to unwind without restriction. The outside end of the filler metal (the end with which welding is to begin) shall be identified so it can be readily located and shall be fastened to avoid unwinding. 18.2 The cast and helix ofelectrodes in coils, spools, and drums shallbesuchthatthe electrode willfeed in an uninterruptedmannerin automatic and semiautomatic equipment. 18.3 The castandhelix

5.

See A8.2 (in the Annex).


of solid filler metalin 4 in. a specimenlong

(100 mm) spools shallbesuchthat

Table 9 Standard Sizesa ~~

Diameter Standard Package Form 1/16 5/64 3/32 118 4.0 5/32 3/16

Straight Lengthsb

~

~

I

in.

0.078 0.094 0.125 0.156

~~

0.035

Coils with and without

1/16 5/64 3/32

0.078

7/64

o. 109

118

0.125 0.035

0.062

0.045 Drums

1/16

0.052 0.062

5/64

0.078

3/32

7/64 118

0.109 O. 125

1/16

0.025 0.030 0.035 0.045 0.052 0.062

5/64

0.078

3/32

0.094 0.109 O.125

Spools

7/64 118

mm

F

Tolerance (*)

r

Solid in.

0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.9 0.001 1.1 0.045 0.001 1.3 0.052 0.002 1.6 0.002 2.0 0.002 2.4 0.094 0.002 2.8 0.002 3.2 0.002 0.9 0.001 1.1 0.001 1.3 0.002 1.6 0.002 2.0 0.002 2.4 0.094 0.002 2.8 0.002 3.2 0.002 0.5 0.020 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.002 2.4 0.002 2.8 0.002 0.002

Composite

mm

in.

mm

0.02 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05

0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003

0.05 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08

0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.02

0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

0.05 0.05

0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05

Notes: a. Dimensions, sizes, tolerances, and package forms other thanthose shown shall be as agreed by purchaser and supplier. b. Length shall be 36 in. i 1R in. (approximately 900 mm f 15 mm).


AWS A5.28

96

07842b5 0506534 D29

17

Table 10 Packaging Requirementsa Net Weight of Electrodeb

Package Size

Coils without Coils with (See below)

mm

in.

Type of Package

lb.

I

(approx.) kg

As Specified by hrchasef

ID

14 170 6.4 25,30,50, and 60 11,14,23, and 27 300 100 1-112 and 2-1/2 0.7 and 1.1 10,12, and 15 4.5,5.5, and 6.8 200 300 and 44 11,14, 16, and 20 25,30,35 360 50 and 60 23 and 27 560 250 110 610 300 140 600,750, and lo00 270,340, and 454 760 400 As Specified by Purchasef 500 600 300and600 140 and 270 10 and 50 4.5 and 22.7 900 (long)

6-314 12 ID

OD 4

Spoolsd

Drums

OD

8

OD OD OD OD OD OD OD OD

12 14 22 24 30 15-1/2 20 23 36 (long)

Straight Lengths

I I

Coils with Suppott-Standard Dimensions and Weights ~

I Electrode Size

Coil Net Weight lb 14 25 and 30 50,60, and 65

All ~~~

~~

~ ~ ~ _ _ _ _ _

I

Inside Diameter

I

Width of Wound Electrode

in.

mm

in., max.

m m , max.

6-314 f 118 12 f 118 12 f 118

170 f 3 305 3 305 f 3

3 2-112 or 4-518 4-518

75 65 or 120 120

kg ( ~ P P ~ o x . ) 6.4 11 and 14 23,27, and 30

of Liner

~

Notes: a. Sizes and net weights other than thosespecified may be supplied as agreed between supplier and purchaser. b. Tolerance on net weight shall be i 10 percent. c. As agreed between supplier and purchaser. d. See Figure 6.

enough to produce a single loop, when cut from the spool and laid unrestrained on a flat surface, will: (1) form a circle not less than 4 in. (100 mm) nor more than 9 in. (230 mm) in diameter, and (2) rise above the flat surface no more than 1/2 in. (13 mm) at any location. 18.4 The cast and helix of solid filler metal on all other package forms shall be such that a specimen long enough to produce a single loop, when cut from the package and laid unrestrained on a flat surface, will: (1) form a circle not less than 12 in. (305 mm) for 0.030 in (0.8 mm) and smaller sizes; or not less than 15 in. (380 mm) for 0.035 in. (0.9 mm) and larger sizes, and (2) rise above the flat surface no more than 1 in. (25 mm) at any location.


Certain bulk packages may contain wire that has been elastically twisted or otherwise mechanically treated in order to provide straighter wire feed. The wire from these packages will not form a circle when cut. Traditional cast and helix measurements may have no relevance. Wire thus treated shall conform to the winding requirements of 18.1 and 18.2. Any method of wire form inspection shall be as agreed between purchaser and supplier.

19. Filler Metal Identification 19.1 The product information and the precautionary information required in Section 21 for marking each package shall also appear on each coil, spool, and drum.

~

~

AWS A 5 . 2 8

18

0 7 8 4 2 6 5 0 5 0 6 5 3 5 Tb5

96

"fi

1-3/4 f 1/32 in. ,30+0.W5

0.6

-0 in.

€

-

mm

0.005 1132

0.13 0.8 16 45 102

0.630

1-314 4

4 in. MAX.

H

SI EQUIVALENTS in.

C

SECTION A-A

Notes; a. Dimension B, outside diameterof barrel, shallbe such as to permit proper feedingof the filler metals. b. Dimension C, inside diameter of barrel, shall be such that swelling of the barrel or misalignment of the barrel and flanges will not result in the inside diameterof the barrel being less than the inside diameter of the flanges.

Figure 6(a)-Standard Spools-Dimensions of 4 in. Spools

SI EQUIVALENTS

t-I

in. 1 164 1 132 1.6 111 6

711 6 1-314 2-1 132 2-5/32 4 8

300 360 +Il16

2-1132-0

NEED NOTBE IN LINE

12 14

SECTION A-A

Note: Dimension B, outside diameterof barrel, shall be such as to permit proper feeding of the filler metals.

Dimensions C,

in.

Spool Size,

8

12 14 ~~~

~

2-5/32 f 1 132 4 f 1/16 4 1/16

8 12 14

*

~~

Figure 6(b) -Standard Spools-Dimensions of 8,12,and 14 in. Spools


mm

0.4

0.8 11 44

52 55 1 O0 200

19

SI EQUIVALENTS mm

2 HOLES IN LINE

in. 1116 118 112 11116 1-916 2-112 12 13-112 22 24 30

” -

SECTION A-A

2 HOLES IN LINE 2 PLACES Dimensions in.

Spool Size, 22 24 30

D , in.

in.

22 i 112 24 i 112 30 i 112

C, maximum, 12 13-112 13-112

Notes: 1. All dimensions are in inches. 2. Dimension B, outside diameter of barrel, shall be suchas to permit proper feeding of the electrode.

Figure 6(c) -Standard Spools-Dimensions of 22,24, and 30 in. Spools


1.6 3 13 18 33 63 305

345 560 610 760

20

19.2 Coils without shall have a tag containing this information securely attached to the filler metal at the inside end of the coil. 19.3 Coils with shall have the information securely affíxed in a prominent location on the .

21.2 The following precautionary information (as a minimum) shall be prominently displayed in legible print on all packages of electrodes and rods, including individual unit packages enclosed within a larger package:

WARNING:

19.4 Spools shall have the information securely affixed in a prominent location on the outside of at least one flange of the spool.

Protect yourselfand others. Readandunderstand this information. FUMES AND GASES can be hazardous to your health. ARC RAYS can injure eyes and bum skin. ELECTRIC SHOCK can kill.

19.5 Drums shall have the information securely affixed in a prominent location on the side of the drum.

Before use, read and understand the manufacturer’s instructions, Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs), and your employer’s safety practices.

20. Packaging

Keep your head out of the fumes.

Filler metal shall be suitably packaged to ensure against damage during shipment and storage under normal conditions.

Use enough ventilation, exhaust at the arc, or both, to keep fumes and gases away from your breathing zone and the general area. Wear correct eye, ear, and body protection.

21. Marking of Packages 21.1 The following product information (as a minimum) shall be legibly marked so as to be visible from the outside of each unit package: (1) AWS specification (year of issue may be excluded) and AWS classification numbers, along with any optional supplemental designators, if applicable (2) Supplier’s name and trade designation (3) Size and net weight (4) Lot, control, or heat number


Do not touch live electrical parts.

I

See American National Standard 249.1, Safety in Welding, Cuffing,and Allied Processes, published by the American WeldingSociety, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road, Miami, Florida 33126; OSHA Safety and Health Standards, 29 CFR 191O, available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402.

DO NOT REMOVE

THIS INFORMATION

I

21

Annex Guide toAWS Specification forLow-Alloy Steel Electrodes andRods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding (This Annex is not a part of ANSUAWS A5.28-96, Specijîcation for Low-Alloy Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding, but is included for information only.)

A l . Introduction The purpose of this guide is to correlate the electrode and rodclassifications with their intended applications so the specification can beused effectively. Reference to appropriate base metal specifications is made whenever that can be done and when it would be helpful. Such references are intended only as examples rather than complete listings of the materials for which each filler metal is suitable.

A2.

Classification System

A2.1 The system for identifying the electrode classifications in this specification follows the standard pattern used in other AWS filler metal specifications as shown in Figure A 1.

A2.2 The prefix “E” designates an electrode as in other specifications. The letters “ER” indicate that the filler metal may be used either as an electrode or a rod. The digits following (70, 80, 90, 100, 110, or 120) indicate the required minimum tensile strength of the weld metal in multiples of 1000 psi [6.9 MPa]; the minimum tensile strength is determined from a test weld made using the electrode in accordance with the welding conditions in the specification. The letter “S” designates a solid electrode or rod. The letter “C” designates a composite stranded or metal cored electrode. The suffix following the hyphen indicates the chemical composition of the filler metal itself, in the case of solid electrodes and rods,


or the weld metal under certain test conditions, in the case of the composite stranded or metal cored electrodes. An optional supplemental diffusible hydrogen designator (H16, H8, H4, or H2) may follow, indicating whether the electrode will meet a maximum diffusible hydrogen level of 16, 8, 4, or 2 mVlOO g of weld metal when tested as outlined in this specification.

A2.3 “G” Classification and theUse of “Not Specified” and “Not Required” A2.3.1 This specification includes filler metals classified as ERXXS-G, and EXXC-G. The “G”indicates that the filler metal is of a general classification. It is “general” because not all of the particular requirements specified for each of the other classifications are specified for this classification. The intent in establishing these classifications is to provide a means by which filler metals that differ in one respect or another (chemical composition, for example) from all other classifications (meaning that the composition of the filler metal, in the case of the example, does not meet the composition specified for any of the classifications in the specification) can still be classified according to the specification. The purpose is to allow a useful filler metal, one that otherwise would have to await a revision of the specification, to be classified immediately under the existing specification. This means, then, that two filler metals, each bearing the same “G’ classification, may be quite different in some particular respect (chemical composition, again, for example). A2.3.2 The point of difference (although not necessarily the amount of the difference) referred to above will

22

AUS A 5 . 2 8

96

0 7 8 4 2 6 5 0506539 600

Indicates use as both an electrode or rod (ER), or use only as an electrode (E). Indicates, in 1000 psi (6.9 MPa) increments, the minimum tensile strength of the weld metal produced by the electrode when tested according to this specification. Three digits are used for weld metal of 100 O00 psi (690 MPa) tensile strength and higher (see Table 3). (Note that i n this specification the digits “70” may represent 75 O00 psi (515 MPa) rather than70 O00 psi (480 MPa) (see Table 3). Indicates whether the filler metal is solid (S) or composite stranded or metal cored (C). (for solid wire) (for composite wire) Optional supplemental diffusible hydrogen designator (see Table 8), where Z represents 16,8,4, or 2. Indicates the chemical composition of a solid electrode or the chemical composition of the weld metal produced by a composite stranded or metal cored electrode (see Tables 1 and 2).

Figure A l -Classification System

be readily apparent fromtheuse of thewords “not required” and“not specified” in the specification. The use of these words is as follows: Not Specijìed is used in those areas of the specification that refer to the results of some particular test. It indicates that the requirements for that test are not specified for that particular classification. Not Required is used in those areas of the specification that referto the tests that must be conducted in order to classify a filler metal. It indicates that the test is not required because the requirements (results) for the test have not been specified for that particular classification. Restating the case, when a requirement is not specified, it is notnecessary to conduct the corresponding test in order to classify a filler metal to that classification. When a purchaser wants the information provided by that test, in order to consider a particular product of that classification for a certain application, the purchaser will have to arrange for thatinformationwith the supplier of the product. The purchaser will have to establish withthat supplier just what the testing procedures and the acceptance requirements are to be for that test. The purchaser may want to incorporate that information (via ANSVAWS A5.01, Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines) into the purchase order.

A2.3.3 Requestfor Filler Metal Classification A2.3.3.1 When a filler metal cannot be classified according to some classification other than a “G” classification, the manufacturer may request that a classifica-


tion be established for that filler metal. The manufacturer may do this by following the procedure given here. When the manufacturer elects to use the “G” classification, the Filler Metal Committee recommends that the manufacturer still request that a classification be established for that filler metal, as long as thefiller metal is of commercial significance.

A2.3.3.2 A request to establish a new filler metal classification shall be a written request, and it needs to provide sufficient detail to permit the Filler Metal Committee or the Subcommittee to determine whether a new classification or the modification of an existing classification is more appropriate, and whether either is necessary to satisfy the need. The requestshall state the variables and their limits for such a classification or modification. The request should containsome indication of the time by which completion of the new classification or modification is needed. A2.3.3.3 The request should be sent to the Secretary of the Filler Metal Committee at AWS Headquarters. Upon receipt of the request, the Secretary will: ( 1 ) Assign an identifying number to the request. This number shall include the date the request was received. (2) Confirm receipt of the request and give the identification number tothe person who made the request. (3) Send a copy of the request to the Chairman of the Filler Metal Committee and to the Chairman of the particular Subcommittee involved.

AUS A5.28

9b 0784265 O506540 322 23

(4) File the original request. (5) Add the request to the log of outstanding requests.

Representative material, in this case, is any production run of that classification using the same formulation. “Certification” is not to be construed to mean thattests of A2.3.3.4 All necessary action on each request will be any kind were necessarily conducted on samples of the completed as soon as possible. If more than 12 months specific material shipped. Tests on such material may or lapse, the Secretary shall inform the requestor of the stamay not have been made. The basis for the certification tus of the request, with copies to the Chairman of the required by the specification is the classification test of Committee and the Subcommittee. Requests still out“representative material” cited above, and the “Manufacstanding after 18 months shall be considered not to have turer’s Quality Assurance System” in ANSIfAWS A5.01 been answered in a “timely manner” and the Secretary Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines. shall report these to the Chairman of the Filler Metal A4.2 (Optional) At the option and expense of the purCommittee, for action. chaser, acceptance may be based on the results of any or A2.3.3.5 The Secretary shall include a copy of the all of the tests required by this specification made on the log of all requests pending and those completed during gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) test assembly the preceding year with the agenda for each Filler Metal described in Figure A2,with tension specimen as Committee meeting. Any other publication of requests described in Figure A3 (and the impact specimen that have been completed will be at the option of the described in Figure 5). Solid Electrodes are generally American Welding Society, as deemed appropriate. recommended for GTAW and PAW.

A3.Acceptance

A5. Ventilation During Welding

Acceptance of all welding materials classified under this specification is in accordance withANSVAWS A5.01 Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines, as the specification states. Any testing a purchaser requires of the supplier, for material shipped in accordapce with this specification, shall be clearly stated in the purchase order, according to the provisions of ANSVAWS A5.01 Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines. In the absence of anysuch statement in the purchase order, the supplier may ship the material with whatever testing the supplier normally conducts on material of that classification, as specified in Schedule F, Table 1, ofANSVAWS A5.01 Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines. Testing in accordance with any other schedule in that table must be specifically required by the purchase order. In such cases, acceptance of the material shipped will be in accordance with those requirements.

A5.1 Five major factors govern the quantity of fumes in

A4.Certification A4.1The act of placing the AWS specification and classification designations on the packaging enclosing the product, or the classification on the product itself, constitutes the supplier’s (manufacturer’s) certification that the product meets all of the requirements of the specification. The only testing requirement implicit in the certification is that the manufacturer has actually conducted the tests required by the specification on material that is representative of that being shipped, and that the material met the requirements of the specification.


the atmosphere to which welders and welding operators are exposed during welding: (1) Dimensions of the space in which welding is done (with special regard to the height of the ceiling) (2) Number of welders and welding operators working in that space (3) Rate of evolution of fumes, gases, or dust, according to the materials and processes used (4) The proximity of the welders or welding operators to the fumes as the fumes issue from the welding zone, and to the gases and dusts in the space in which they are working ( 5 ) The ventilation provided to the space in which the welding is done

A5.2 American National Standard 249.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes (published bythe American Welding Society), discusses the ventilation that is required during welding and should be referred to for details. Attention is particularly drawn to the section entitled “Health Protection and Ventilation.”

A6. Welding Considerations A6.1 Gas metal arc welding (GTAW) can be divided into four categories based on the mode of metal transfer: (1) spray, (2) pulsed spray, (3) globular, and (4) short circuiting transfer. In the spray, pulsed spray,and globular modes, transfer occurs as distinct droplets that are detached from the electrode, transferring along the arc columr? into the weld pool. In the short circuiting mode,

AWS A 5 . 2 8

76

0 7 8 4 2 6 5 0 5 0 6 5 Y L 267

24

-+ 10 MIN.-

+” 1 MIN.

1/2LENGTH V

I

1

-I

POINT OF TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT

PRESET4

1-

SI EQUIVALENTS

I

5 MIN.

r)B

in.

mm

1/a 1I 4 112

3.2 6.4 12.7 25 125 250

1 5 10

I

r IMPACT

L ALL-WELD-METAL SPECIMENSTENSIONTEST SPECIMEN

5 MIN.

1

e- 1 MIN.

(A) TEST PLATE SHOWING I OCATION OF TEST SPECIMENS

WELD

q

B-B SECTION A-A SECTION SEE NOTEc l STANDARD TEST PLATE BU‘TTERED TEST PLATE (See footnote “a” of Table 6)

(C)ORIENTATION OF IMPACT SPECIMEN METAL

(D) LOCATION OF ALL-WELP TENSION SPECIMEN

(B)GROOVE PREPARATION OF TEST PLATE Test Conditions SizeStandard Shielding Travel Speed Nominal Arc Voltage Nominal Current, DCEN) (DCEN = electrode negative) Table Temperature lnter Seeand Preheat

mm)

(2.4

3132 in.

13 to 16 V

118 in. (3.2 mm) Argon 4 to 6 in.lmin (0.17 to 0.25 mmlsec) 16 to 19V

220 to 250 A

250 to 280 A

4 to 6 in.Imin (0.17to 0.25 mmlsec)

7

7

Table See

Notes: a. All dimensions (excluding angles) are in inches. so that the welded t will be sufficiently flat to facilitate test specimen b. Prior to welding, the assembly may be preset as shown removal. As an alternative, restraint or a combination of restraint and preset may be used. c. When required, edges of the grooves and the ing face of the backing shall be buttered as shown. Any size of the electrode or rod being tested may be used for buttering. See Table 6, Note (a). d. If sizes other than those shown above are used, nominal current and arc voltage shall be changed as needed. e. Postweld heat treatment shallbe as specified in Table 7 for the classification under test.

Figure A2-Optional GTAW Groove Weld TestAssembly for Mechanical Properties and Soundness


AWS A S - 2 8 9 6

0 7 8 4 2 6 5 0506542 IT5 25

the metal is deposited during frequent short circuiting of the electrode in the molten pool.

A6.2 Spray Transfer A6.2.1 The spray transfer mode, for low-alloy steel, is most commonly obtained with argon shielding gas mixtures with up to 5 percent oxygen or carbon dioxide. A characteristic of these shielding gas mixtures is the smooth arc plasma through which hundreds of very fine droplets are transferred to the weld pool each second. A6.2.2 Spray transfer with argon-oxygen or argoncarbon dioxide shielding gas is, primarily, a function of current density, polarity,and resistance heating of the electrode. The high droplet rate (approximately 250 droplets per second) develops suddenly above a critical current level, commonly referred to as the transition current (for each size electrode). Below this current, the metal is transferred in drops generally larger in diameter than the electrode at a rate of from 10 to 20 per second (globular transfer). The transition current is also dependent, to some extent, on the chemical composition of the electrode. For 1/16 in. (1.6 mm) diameter low-alloy steel electrodes, a transition current of 270 amperes (direct current electrode positive [DCEP]) is common. Alternating current is not recommended for this type of welding because it does not produce a stable arc. A6.2.3PulsedSprayTransfer. Metal transfer in pulsed spray welding is similar to that of the spray transfer described above, but it occurs at a lower average current. The lower average current is made possible by rapid pulsing of the welding current between a high level, where metal will transfer rapidly in the spray mode, and a low level, where no transfer will take place. At a typical rate of 60 to 120 pulses per second, a melted drop is formed by the low-current arc, which is then “squeezed off’ by the high-current pulse. This permits all-position welding. A6.3 Globular Transfer. The mode of transfer that characterizes 100 percent CO, as a shielding gas is globular. Common practice with globular transfer is to use low arc voltage to minimize spatter. This buries the arc and produces deep penetration. Electrodes of 0.045 and 1/16 in. (1.1 and 1.6 mm) diameter normally are used at welding currents in the range of 275400 amperes (DCEP), for this type of transfer. The rate at whichdroplets (globules) are transferred ranges from 20 to 70 per second, depending on the size of the electrode, the amperage, polarity, and arc voltage. A6.4 Short Circuiting Transfer. This mode of transfer is obtained with small diameter electrodes (0.030 to 0.045 in. [0.8to1.1 mm]) usinglow arc voltages and amperages, and a power source designed for short cir-


cuiting transfer. The electrode short-circuits to the weld metal, usually at a rate of from 50 to 200 times per second. Metal is transferred with each short circuit, but not across the arc. Short circuiting gas metal arc welding of low-alloy steel is done most commonly with mixtures of argon and CO, as the shielding gas, with CO, alone, and occasionally with mixtures of helium-argon-CO,. Penetration of welds made with CO, shielding gas is greater than with argon-CO, mixtures, but mixtures containing substantial amounts of argon or helium generally result in superior weld metal impact properties. Shielding gas mixtures of 50 to 90 percent argon-remainder CO, or 50 to 90 percent helium-remainder CO, result in higher short circuiting rates and lower minimum currents and voltages than does CO2 shielding alone. This can be an advantage when welding thin plate or in the achievement of superior impact properties.

A7. Description and IntendedUse of Electrodes and Rods A7.1 The following is a description of the characteristics and intended use of the filler metals classified by this specification. The designations and the chemical composition requirements for all classifications are given in Tables 1 and 2 of this specification. The mechanical properties of weld metals from filler metals of the various classifications will conform to the minimum requirements stated in Tables 3 and 4 of the specification. A7.2 It should be noted that weld properties may vary appreciably depending on filler metal size and current used, plate thickness, t geometry, preheat and inter temperatures, surface conditions, base-metal composition and extent of alloying with the filler metal, and shielding gas. For example, when filler metals having an analysis within the range of Table 1 are deposited, the weld metal chemical composition will not vary greatly from the as-manufactured composition of the filler metal when used with argon-oxygen shielding gas. However, they will show a considerable reduction in the content of manganese, silicon, and other deoxidizers whenused with CO, as the shielding gas. A7.3 ER7OS-Al Classification (112 Mo). Filler metal of this classification is similar to many of the carbon steel filler metals classified in ANSVAWS A5.18, except that 1/2 percent molybdenum has been added. This addition increases the strength of the weld metal, especially at elevated temperatures, and provides some increase in corrosion resistance; however, it will likely reduce the notch toughness of the weld metal. Typical applications

26

COARSE THREAD CLASS 2 FIT

L SEE NOTE b L Dimensions of Specimen, in.

D

0.350f 0.007

C

B

F. min

1-314

1I2

0.25

G 1.400

* 0.005

Dimensions of Specimen, mm

D

G

C

B

F, min.

8.90f 0.1

35.5 f 0.1

44

12.7

6.4

Notes: a. Dimensions G and C shall be as shown, but ends may be of any shapeto fit the testing machine holders as long as the load is axial. b. The diameter of the specimen within the gage length shall be slightly smaller at the center than at the ends. The difference shall not exceed one percentof the diameter. c. When the extensometer is required to determine yield strength, dimension C may be increased. However, the percentof the elongation shall be based on dimensionG. d. The surface finish within the C dimension shall be no rougher than 63 pin. (1.6 prn).

Figure A3-Optional Tension Test Specimenfor Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

include the welding of C-Mo base metals such as ASTM 204 plate and A335-P1 pipe.

A7.4 ERSOS-B2 andE80C-B2 Classifications (1-1/4 Cr-l/2 Mo). Filler metals of these classifications are used to weld 1/2Cr-l/2Mo,lCr-l/2Mo, and 1-1/4Cr1/2Mo steels for elevated temperatures and corrosive service. They are also used for ing dissimilar combinations of Cr-Mo and carbon steels. All transfer modes of the GMAW process may be used. Careful control of preheat, inter temperatures, and postheat is essential to avoid cracking. These electrodes are classified after postweld heat treatment. Special care must be used when using them in the as-welded condition dueto higher strength levels. A7.5 ER70S-B2L and E70C-B2L Classifications (1-114Cr-112 Mo). These filler metals are identical to the types ER8OS-B2 and E80C-B2 except for the lowcarbon content (0.05 percent maximum) and thus the lower strength levels. This alloy exhibits greater resistance to cracking and is moresuitable for welds to be left in the as-welded condition or when the accuracy of the postweld heat treatment operation is questionable. These


classifications were previously ER80S-B2L and E80CB2Linthe previous edition of this specification. The strength requirements and classification designator have been changed to reflect the true strength capabilities of the chemical composition.

A7.6ER90S-B3andE90C-B3 Classifications (2-1/4 Cr-1 Mo). Filler metals of these classifications are used to weld the 2-114Cr-lMo steels used for high-temperaturehigh-pressure pipingand pressure vessels. These may also be used for ing combinations of Cr-Mo and carbon steel. AllGMAW modes may be used. Careful control of preheat, inter temperatures, and postweld heat treatment is essential to avoid cracking. These electrodes are classified after postweld heat treatment. Special care must be used whenusing them in the as-welded condition due to higher strength levels. A7.7 ERSOS-B3L and ESOC-B3L Classifications (2-1/4 Cr-1 Mo). These filler metals are identical to the types ER90S-B3 and E90C-B3 except for the low-carbon content (0.05 percent maximum) and, therefore, the lower strength levels. These alloys exhibit greater resistance to cracking and are more suitable for welds to be

AWS A 5 . 2 8

96

07842b5 0 5 0 b 5 4 4 T 7 8

27

left in the as-welded condition. These classifications were previously ER90S-B3L and E90C-B3L in the previous edition of this specification. The strength requirements and classification designator have been changed to reflect the true strength capabilities of the chemical composition.

tural applications where tensile strength requirements exceed 100 ksi (690 MPa), and excellent toughness is required to temperatures as low as -60°F (-51°C). Mechanical properties obtained from weld deposits made with electrodes of these classifications will vary depending on the heat input used.

A7.8 ERSOS-Ni1 and ESOC-Ni1 Classifications (1.0 Ni). These filler metals deposit weldmetal similar to E8018-C3 covered electrodes, and are used for welding low-alloy high-strength steels requiring good toughness at temperatures as low as -50°F (-46OC).

A7.13ER80S-B6 Classification (5 Cr-112Mo). This classification contains 4.0 to 6.0 percent chromium and about 0.50 percent molybdenum. It is used for welding material of similar composition, usually in the form of pipe or tubing. The alloy is an air-hardening material and, therefore, when welding with this filler metal, preheat and postweld heat treatment are required. This electrode is similar to that previously classified as ER502 in AWS A5.9-81.

A7.9ERSOS-Ni2, E70C-Ni2, and ESOC-Ni2 Classifications (2-114 Ni). These filler metals deposit weld metal similar to E801 8-C1 electrodes. Typically, theyare used for welding 2-1/2 percent nickel steels and other materials requiring good toughness at temperatures as low as -80°F (-62°C). A7.10 ERSOS-Ni3 and E80C-Ni3 Classifications (3-114 Ni). These filler metals deposit weld metal similar to E8018-C2 electrodes. Typicallythey are used for welding 3-1/2 percent nickel steels for low-temperature service. A7.11 ER80S-D2, ER90S-D2, and E90C-D2 Classifications (112 Mo). The ER80S-D2 and ER90S-D2 classifications have the same chemical requirements as the E70S-1B classification of AWS A5.18-69. The differences between the ER80S-D2 and the ER90S-D2 classifications are the change in shielding gas and the mechanical property requirements specified in Table 3. Filler metals of these classifications contain molybdenum for increased strength and a high level of deoxidizers (Mn and Si) to control porosity when welding with C 0 2 as the shielding gas. They will give radiographic quality welds with excellent bead appearance in both ordinary and difficult-to-weld carbon and low-alloy steels. They exhibit excellent out-of-position welding characteristics with the short circuiting and pulsed arc processes. The combination of weld soundness and strength makes filler metals of these classifications suitable for single and multiple- welding of a variety of carbon and low-alloy, higher strength steels in both the as welded and postweld heat-treated conditions. The chemical composition of these classifications differs from those of the “-Dr’ type electrodes in AWS A5.5.

A7.12 ER100S-1, ER11OS-1, and ERUOS-1 Classifications. These filler metals deposit high-strength, very tough weld metal for critical applications. Originally developed for welding HY80 and HYlOO steels for military applications, they are also used for a variety of struc-


A7.14 ERSOS-B8 Classification (9 Cr-1 Mo). This classification contains 8.0 to 10.5 percent chromium and about 1.O percent molybdenum. Filler metal of this classification is used for welding base metal of similar compositions, usually in the form of pipe or tubing. The alloy is an air-hardening material and, therefore, when welding with this filler metal, preheating and postweld heat treatment are required. This electrode is similar to that previously classified as ER505 in AWS A5.9-8 1. A7.15 ER9OS-B9 Classification (9 Cr-1 Mo-0.2V0.07Nb(Cb)). ER90S-B9 is a 9Cr-1Mo solid wire modified with niobium (columbium) and vanadium designed to provide strength, toughness, fatigue life, oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures. Due to the higher elevated temperature properties of this alloy, components that are now fabricated from stainless and ferritic steels may be fabricated from a single alloy, eliminating problems associated with dissimilar welds. In addition to the classification requirements in this specification, either impact toughness or high-temperature creep strength properties should be determined. Due to the influence of various levels of carbon and niobium (columbium), specific values and testing must be agreed to by the supplier and purchaser. A7.16 ERXXS-G and EXXC-G Classifications. Electrodes and rods of the ERXXS-G and electrodes of the EXXC-G classifications are those filler metals not included in the preceding classes and for which only certain mechanical property requirements are specified. The electrodes are intended for single and multiple- applications. The filler metal supplier should be consulted for the composition, properties, characteristics, and intended use of these classifications (see A2.3 for further information).

28

AWS A 5 . 2 8

9b M 0 7 B Y 2 6 5 0506545 904 M

AS. Special Tests A8.1 It is recognized that supplementary tests maybe required to determine suitability of these filler metals for certain applications involving properties not considered in this specification. In such cases, additional tests to determine specific properties of the weld metal, such as hardness, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties at higher or lower service temperatures, may be required. Those tests may be conducted as agreed between supplierandpurchaser. ANSVAWS A5.01 contains provisions for ordering such tests. A8.2DiffusibleHydrogen. Solid, compositestranded, and composite metal cored GMAW electrodes are generally considered to be low hydrogen consumables. When ing carbon steels containing 0.30 percent or less carbon, hydrogen-assisted cracking is unlikely to be of concem. However, when ing high-strength, low-alloy steel, weld metal or heat-affected-zone cracking associated with diffusible hydrogen tends to become more of a problem. Crack susceptibility increases as does the alloy content, weld metal strength, heat-affected-zone hardness, and diffusible hydrogen content. Susceptibility to hydrogen cracking is also greater when the preheat and inter temperatures are decreased, or the time at or above theintertemperature is shortenedduringwelding. The appearance of hydrogen cracking is usually delayed some hoursafter cooling. Itmay appear as transverse weld cracks, longitudinal cracks (especially in root beads), and toe or underbead cracks in the heat-affected zone. Since the available diffusible hydrogen level strongly influences the tendency towards hydrogen-assisted cracking, it may be desirable to measure the diffusible hydrogen content resulting from a particular electrode. Accordingly, the use of optional supplemental designators for diffusible hydrogen is introduced to indicate the maximum average value obtained under a clearly defined test condition in ANSVAWSA4.3, Standard Methods for Determination of the Diffusible Hydrogen Content of Martensitic, Bainitic, and Ferritic Steel Weld Metal Produced by Arc Welding. Electrodes that are designated as meeting the lower or lowest hydrogen limits, as specified in Table 8, are also understood to be able to meet any higher electrode hydrogen limits, even though these are not necessarily designated along with the electrode classification. Therefore, as an example, an electrode being designated as “H4” also meets “H8” requirements without being designated as such. The of this information is cautioned that actual fabrication conditions may result in different diffusible hydrogen values thanthose indicated by the designator. The use of a reference atmospheric condition during welding is necessary because the arc always is imperfectly shielded. Moisture from the air, distinct from that


inthe electrode or gas, can enter the arc and subsequently the weld pool, contributing to the resulting observed diffusible hydrogen. This effect can be minimized by maintaining a suitable gas-flowrateand as short an arc length as possible, consistent with a steady arc. At times, some air will mix with the gas and add its moisture to the other sources of diffusible hydrogen. It is possible for this extra diffusible hydrogen to significantly affect the outcome of a diffusible hydrogen test. For this reason, it is appropriate to specify a reference atmospheric condition. The reference atmospheric condition of 10 grains of moisture per pound (1.43 grams per kilogram) of dry air is equivalent to 10 percent relative humidity at 70°F (21°C) at 29.92 in. Hg (760 mm) barometric pressure. Actual conditions, measured using a calibrated psychrometer that equal or exceed this reference condition, provide assurance that the conditions during welding will not diminish the final results of the test.

A83 Aging of Tensile Specimens.Weld metals may contain significantquantities of hydrogen for some time after they have been made. Most of this hydrogen gradually escapes over time. This may take several weeks at room temperature or several hours at elevated temperatures. As a result of this eventual change in hydrogen level, ductility of the weld metal increases towards its inherent value, while yield,tensile,and impact strengths remainrelatively unchanged. This specification permits the aging of the tensile test specimens at elevated temperatures up to 220°F (104 “C) for up to 48 hours before subjecting them totensiontesting. The purpose of this treatment is to facilitate removal of hydrogen from the test specimen in order to minimizediscrepancies in testing. Aging treatments are sometimes used for low-hydrogen electrode deposits, especially when testing highstrength deposits. Note that aging may involve holding test specimens at room temperature for several days or holding at a higher temperature for a shorter period of time. Consequently, s are cautioned to employ adequate preheatand inter temperatures to avoidthe deleterious effects of hydrogen in production welds.

A9. Discontinued Classifications The following classifications have been discontinued over the life ofthis specification:

Discontinued Classification Published Replaced With ER100S-2 ER80S-B2L E80C-B2L ER90S-B3L E90C-B3L

1979 1979 1979 1979 1979

-

ER70S-B2L E70C-B2L ER80S-B3L E80C-B3L

AWS A5.28

96

0 7 8 4 2 6 5 0 5 0 6 5 4 6 840

Alo. General Safety Considerations A1O.l Burn Protection. Molten metal, sparks, slag, and hot-work surfaces are produced by welding, cutting, and allied processes. These can cause burns if precautionary measures are not used. Workers should wear protective clothing made of fire-resistant material. Pant cuffs, open pockets, or other places on clothing that can catch and retain molten metal or sparks should not be worn. Hightop shoes or leather leggings and fire-resistant gloves should be worn. Pant legs should be worn over the outside of high-top shoes. Helmets or hand shields that provide protection for the face, neck, and ears, and a head covering to protect the head should be used. In addition, appropriate eye protection should be used.

29

(2) -. ANSI 249.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, andAllied Processes. Miami, FL: American Welding Society. (3) -. ANSI 287.1, Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection. New York: American National Standards Institute. (4) Occupational Safety and Health istration. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29 Labor, Chapter XVII, Part 1910. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.’

(1) American National Standards Institute. ANSI 2 4 1 . 1 , Safety-Toe Footwear. New York: American National Standards Institute.6

A10.2 Electrical Hazards. Electric shock can kill; however, it can be avoided. Live electrical parts should not be touched. The manufacturer’s instructions and recommended safe practices should beread and understood. Faulty installation, improper grounding, and incorrect operation and maintenance of electrical equipment are all sources of danger. All electrical equipment and the workpieces should be grounded. The workpiece lead is not a ground lead. It is used only to complete the welding circuit. A separate connection is required to ground the workpiece. The workpiece should notbe mistaken for a ground connection. The correct cable size should be used, since sustained overloading will cause cable failure and result in possible electrical shock or fire hazard. All electrical connections should be tight, clean, anddry. Poor connections can overheat and even melt. Further, they can produce dangerous arcs and sparks. Water, grease, or dirt should not be allowed to accumulate on plugs, sockets, or electrical units. Moisture can conduct electricity. To prevent shock, the work area, equipment, and clothing should be kept dry at all times. Welders should wear dry gloves and rubber-soled shoes, or stand on a dry board or insulated platform. Cables and connections should be kept ingood condition. Improper or worn electrical connections may create conditions that could cause electrical shock or short circuits. Worn, damaged, or bare cables should not be used. Open-circuit voltage should be avoided. When several welders are working with arcs of different polarities, or when a number of alternating current machines are being used, the open-circuit voltages canbe additive. The added voltages increase the severity of the shock hazard. In case of electric shock, the power should be turned off. If the rescuer must resort to pulling the victim from the live , nonconducting materials should be used. If the victim is not breathing, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (R) should be istered as soon as with the electrical source is broken. A physician should

6. ANSI documents are available from the American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42 Street, New York, NY 10036

7. OSHA documents areavailable from U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402

Whenwelding overhead or in confined spaces, ear plugs to prevent weld spatter from entering the ear canal should be worn in combination with goggles or equivalent to give added eye protection. Clothing should be kept free of grease and oil. Combustible materials should not be carried in pockets. If any combustible substance has been spilled on clothing, a change to clean, fire resistant clothing should be made before working with open arcs or flame. Aprons, cape-sleeves, leggings, and shoulder covers with bibs designed for welding service should be used. Where welding or cutting of unusually thick base metal is involved, sheet metal shields should be used for extra protection. Mechanization of highly hazardous processes or jobs should be considered. Other personnel in the work area should be protected by the use of noncombustible screens or by the use of appropriate protection as described in the previous paragraph. Before leaving a work area, hot workpieces should be marked to alert other persons of this hazard. No attempt should be made to repair or disconnect electrical equipment when itis under load. Disconnection under load produces arcing of the s and may cause bums or shock, or both. Note: Bums can be caused by touching hot equipment such as electrode holders, tips, and nozzles. Therefore, insulated gloves should be worn when these items are handled, unless an adequatecooling period has been allowed before touching. The following sources are for more detailed information on personal protection:


AWS A 5 . 2 8

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07842b5 050b547 787

30

be called and R continued until breathing has been restored, or until a physician has arrived. Electrical bums are treated as thermal burns; that is, clean, cold (iced) compresses should be applied. Contamination should be avoided; the area should be covered with a clean, dry dressing; and the patient should be transported to medical assistance. Recognized safety standards such as ANSUASC 249.1, Safety in Welding, Cutting, and Allied Processes, and NFPA No. 70, National Electrical Code, should be followed.8

A10.3 Fumes and Gases.

Many welding, cutting, and allied processes produce fumes and gases which may be harmful to health. Fumes are solid particles which originate from welding filler metals and fluxes, the base metal, and any coatings present on the base metal. Gases are produced during the welding process or may be produced by the effects of process radiation on the surrounding environment. Management personnel andwelders alike should be aware of the effects of these fumes and gases. The amount and composition of these fumes and gases depend upon the composition of the filler metal and base metal, welding process, current level, arc length, and other factors. The possible effects of over-exposure range from irritation of eyes, skin, and respiratory system to more severe complications. Effects may occur immediately or at some later time. Fumes can cause symptoms such as nausea, headaches, dizziness, and metal fume fever. The possibility of more serious health effects exists when especially toxic materials are involved. In confined spaces, the shielding gases and fumes might displace breathing air and cause asphyxiation. One’s head should always be kept out of the fumes. Sufficient ventilation, exhaust at the arc, or both, should be used to keep fumes and gases from your breathing zone and the general area. In some cases, natural air movementwill provide enough ventilation. Where ventilation may be questionable, air sampling should be used to determine if corrective measures should be applied. More detailed information on fumes and gases produced by the various welding processes may be found in the following: (1) The permissible exposure limits required by OSHA can be found in Code of Federal Regulations, Title 29, Chapter XVII, Part 1910. ( 2 ) The recommended threshold limitvalues for fumes and gases may be found in Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents in the Workroom Environment, published by the American 8. NFPA documents are available form the National Fire Protection Association, l Batterymarch Park, Quincy, MA 02269.


Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH).9 (3) The results of an AWS-funded study are available in a report entitled, Fumes and Gases in the Welding Environment, available from the American Welding Society. (4)Manufacturer’s Material Safety Data Sheet for the product.

A10.4 Radiation. Welding, cutting, and allied operations may produce radiant energy (radiation) harmful to health. One should become acquainted with the effects of this radiant energy. Radiant energy may be ionizing (such as x-rays), or nonionizing (such as ultraviolet, visible light, or infrared). Radiation can produce a variety of effects such as skin burns and eye damage, depending on the radiant energy’s wavelength and intensity, if excessive exposure occurs.

A10.4.1 IonizingRadiation. Ionizing radiation is produced by the electron beam welding process. Itis ordinarily controlled within acceptance limits by use of suitable shielding enclosing the welding area. A10.4.2 NonionizingRadiation. The intensity and wavelengths of nonionizing radiant energyproduced depend onmany factors, such as the process, welding parameters, electrode and base-metal composition, fluxes, andany coating or plating on thebasemetal. Some processes such as resistance welding and cold pressure welding ordinarily produce negligible quantities of radiant energy. However, mostarc welding andcutting processes (except submerged arc whenused properly), laser welding and torch welding, cutting, brazing, or soldering can produce quantities of nonionizing radiation such that precautionary measures are necessary. Protection from possible harmful effects caused by nonionizing radiant energy from welding include the following measures: (1) One should notlookat welding arcs except throughwelding filter plates which meet the requirements of ANSI 287.1, Practice f o r Occupational and Educational Eye and Face Protection, published by AmericanNational Standards Institute. It should be noted that transparent welding curtains are not intended as welding filter plates, but rather are intended to protect a erby from incidental exposure. (2) Exposed skin should be protected with adequate gloves and clothing as specified in ANSI249.1, Safety in 9. ACGIH documents are available form the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists, Kemper Woods Center, 1330 Kemper Meadow Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45240.

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Welding,Cutting,andAlliedProcesses, published by American Welding Society. (3) Reflections from welding arcs should be avoided, andall personnel should beprotectedfrom intense reflections. (Note: Paints using pigmentsof substantially zinc oxide or titanium dioxide have a lower reflectance for ultraviolet radiation. (4) Screens, curtains, or adequate distance from aisles, walkways, etc., should be used to avoid exposing ersby to welding operations. ( 5 ) Safety glasses with UV protective side shields have been shown to provide some beneficial protection from ultraviolet radiation produced by welding arcs.

A10.4.3 Ionizing radiation information sources include the following: (1) AWS F2.1, Recommended Safe Practicesfor ElectronBeamWeldingandCutting, available from the American Welding Society.


31

(2) Manufacturer’s product information literature. A10.4.4 The following include nonionizing radiation information sources: (1) American National Standards Institute. ANSI 2136.1, Safe Use of Lasers, New York, NY American National Standards Institute. ( 2 ) -. ANSI Z87.1, Practice for Occupational und Educational Eye and Face Protection. New York, NY American National Standards Institute. (3) -. ANSI 249.1, Safetyin Welding,Cutting, and Allied Processes. (published by AWS) Miami, FL: American Welding Society (4) Hinrichs, J. F. “Project committee on radiationsummary report.” Welding Journal, January 1978. ( 5 ) Moss, C. E. “Optical radiation transmission levels through transparent welding curtains.” Welding Journal, March 1979.

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AWS Filler Metal Specifications Listedby Material and WeldingProcess Relationships of A5 Documents A5.25A5.17

Carbon Steel

A5.23

A5.29A5.28

Low-Alloy Steel

A5.22

Stainless Steel Cast Iron

A5.15A5.15

Nickel Alloys

-

Aluminum Alloys

-

Copper Alloys

-

Titanium Alloys

-

Zirconium Alloys

-

Magnesium Alloys

-

Tungsten Electrodes Brazing Alloys and Fluxes Surfacing Alloys

A5.25

A5.15 A5.15

I I

I

I

I I

A5.11 A5.3 A5.6 -

I I

I

I

I I

A5.14 A5.10 A5.7 A5.16 A5.24 A5.19

I

I

I

I

I I

-

-

EGW

Brazing

A5.26

A5.8, A5.31

A5.26

A5.8, A5.31

A5.9

A5.8, A5.31

"e

A5.8. A5.31

A5.14

A5.8, A5.3

- I -

+ - I -

A5.8, A5.3 A5.8, A5.3 A5.8, A5.31 A5.8, A5.31

- I -

A5.8, A5.3 1

- I -

A5.8, A5.31

e++"+ - I A5.12

A5.13, A5.21

Consumable Inserts Shielding Gases


1

A5.13, A5.21

I

I I

A5.13, A5.21 145.30 A5.32

1

1 I

-

A5.32

A5.32

33

AWS Filler Metal Specifications and Related Documents Title

AWS Designation FMC

Filler Metal Comparison Charts

A4.2

Standard Procedures for Calibrating Magnetic Instruments to Measure the Delta Ferrite Content of Austenitic and Duplex Austenitic-Ferritic Stainless Steel Weld Metal

A4.3

Standard Methods for Determination of the Diffusible Hydrogen Content of Martensitic, Bainitic, and Ferritic Steel Weld Metal Produced by Arc Welding

A5.01

Filler Metal Procurement Guidelines

A5.1

Suecification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Weldine

A5.2

Specification for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Rods for Oxyfuel Gas Welding

A5.3

Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding

A5.4

Specification for Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding

A5.5

Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding

A5.6

Specification for Covered Copper and Copper Alloy Arc Welding Electrodes

A5.1

SDecification for Comer and Comer Allov Bare Weldine Rods and Electrodes

A5.8

Specification for Filler Metals for Brazing and Braze Welding

A5.9

Specification for Bare Stainless Steel Welding Electrodes and Rods

A5.10

Specification forBare Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods

A5.11

Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Welding Electrodes for Shielded Metal Arc Welding

A5.12

Specification for Tungsten and Tungsten Alloy Electrodes forArc Welding and Cutting

A5.13

Specification for Solid Surfacing Welding Rods and Electrodes

A5.14

Specification for Nickel and Nickel Alloy Bare Welding Electrodes and Rods

A5.15

Specification for Welding Electrodes and Rods for Cast Iron

A5.16

Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods

A5.11

Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding

A5.18

Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding

A5.19

Specification for Magnesium Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods

A5.20

Specification for Carbon Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding

A5.21

Specification for Composite Surfacing Welding Rods and Electrodes

A5.22

Specification for Stainless Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding and Stainless Steel Flux Cored Rodsfor Gas Tungsten Arc Welding

A5.23

Specification for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding

A5.24

Specification for Zirconium and Zirconium Alloy Welding Electrodes and Rods

~~

~~

A5.25

Specification for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Electroslag

A5.26

Specification for Carbon and Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Elxtrogas Welding

A5.28

Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Electrodes and Rods for Gas Shielded Arc Welding

A5.29

Specification for Low Alloy Steel Electrodes for Flux Cored Arc Welding

~~

~

~~

A5.30

Suecification for Consumable Inserts

A5.3 1

Specification for

Fluxes for Brazing and Braze Welding

For ordering information, the Order Department, American Welding Society, 550 N.W. LeJeune Road Miami, FL 33126. Phone: 1-800-334-9353.


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