Applied Thermodynamics Question Bank d215f

UNIT I - BASIC CONCEPTS OF FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS PARTA 1. Define System 2. Define Process 3. What do you mean by Surroundings? 4. What do you mean by Homogeneous System? 5. What do you mean by Heterogeneous System? 6. Define Closed System? 7. Define Open System? 8. Define Isolated System? 9. Define Intensive Property? 10. Define Extensive Property? 11. Define State Function? 12. What do you mean by thermodynamic equilibrium? 13. Define Path Function? 14. The Potential Energy of a body of mass 10 Kg is 1.5 KJ. What is the height of the body from the ground? 15. State Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics. 16. Define Internal Energy? 17. Define Enthalpy? 18. Give relationship between internal energy and enthalpy? 19. Define Potential Energy? 20. Define Kinetic Energy? 21. A man whose weight is 600 N takes 2 minutes for climbing up a staircase. What is the power developed in him? 22. Define CV and write its unit? 23. Define and write its unit? 24. State first law of thermodynamics for non-flow process. 25. Define Nozzle? 26. Difference between reversible and irreversible process 27. Define Throttling Process? 28. What do mean by a Compressor? 29. Define Throat? 30. Define Work? 31. What do you mean by Thermal Equilibrium? 32. Differentiate heat and work? 33. Difference between Point and Path Functions? 34. Define Energy? 35. What do you mean by a cyclic process? 36. Assume air is to behave as ideal gas, calculate the molar volume of air at 350K and 1 bar. 37. Write the Properties of an Ideal Gas? 38. Prove that -CV for an Ideal Gas. 39. Differentiate steady state and unsteady state. 40. A body of mass 50 Kg is lifted through a distance of 15 m. What is the work done? 41. If a body of mass 20 Kg is moving at a velocity of 50 m/s. What is its Kinetic Energy? 42. State first law of Thermodynamics for Cyclic Process? 43. Write the application of thermodynamics. 44. Give the limitations of first law of thermodynamics?

PART-B 1. A man circling the earth in a spaceship weighed 300N at a location where the local acceleration was 4.5 m/s2 .Calculate the mass of the man and his weight on the earth where the gravitational acceleration is 9.81 m/s2. 2. Write the classification of energy and explain it. 3. Derive the expression for first law of thermodynamics for flow process 4. A system Consisting of a gas confined in a cylinder is undergoing the following series of processes before it is brought back to the initial conditions. Step:1. A constant Pressure Process when it receives 50 J of work and gives up 25 J of heat. Step:2. A constant Volume Process when it receives 75 J of heat. Step:3. An Adiabatic Process. 5. Differentiate reversible and irreversible process. 6. Write the classification of system and explain in each. 7. The Potential energy of body of mass 20 Kg is 3.5 KJ.what is the height of the body from the ground?. If a body of mass 20 Kg is moving at a velocity of 50 m/s. What is its kinetic energy? 8. A man whose weight is 700 N takes 2.5 min for climbing up a staircase. What is the power developed in him. If the staircase is made up of 20 stairs each 0.18 m in height? 9. A body of mass 50 Kg is lifted through a distance of 15 m. What is the work done? If it took 2 min for lifting the mass, calculate the Power. 10. A body of mass 20 Kg is dropped from a height of 15m.What is the potential energy of the body at the time of release?. Assume that the potential energy gets converted into kinetic energy when the body strikes the ground. At what velocity does it strike the ground. 11. Define the following Heat Capacity at Constant Volume. Heat Capacity at Constant Pressure. Enthalpy. 12. A car riding downhill at a speed of 20 m/s was applied brake when it was at a height of 50 m vertically above the bottom of a hill. When the car comes to a halt at the bottom of the hill. How much energy as heat must be dissipated by the brakes, If wind and other frictional effects are neglected? The car weighed 1400 Kg. 13. Derive the relationship between Area and Velocity in a Nozzle. 14. Derive the Critical Pressure Ratio in a Nozzle. 15. Derive the expression for Adiabatic Compression in a compressor. 16. Derive the expression for Isothermal Compression in a compressor. 17. Derive the expression for Multistage Compression in a compressor UNIT II - SECOND LAW AND PROPERTIES OF PURE SUBSTANCE AND FORMULATIONS PART A 1. State Second Law of Thermodynamics 2. State Kelvin Planck Statement. 3. State Clausius Statement. 4. Define Entropy? 5. Define Heat Engine? 6. A system consisting of some fluid is stirred in a tank. The rate of work done on the system by the stirrer is 2.25 hp. The heat generated due to stirring is dissipated to the surroundings. If the heat transferred to the surroundings is 3400 KJ/h. Determine the change in internal energy?

7. Determine the change in internal energy of a constant pressure process. When it receives 50J of work and gives up 25 J of heat. 8. Define Isenthalpic Process? 9. Calculate W and U in KJ per 1 Kmole of water as it is vaporized at the constant temperature of 373 K and constant pressure of 101.3 Kpa.The Specific Volume of liquid and Vapour at these conditions are 1.04X10-3 and 1.573 m3 /Kmole respectively.1030 KJ of heat is added to water for this change. 10. State First law of Thermodynamics for Nonflow process. 11. Define Isentropic Process? 12. Distinguish between Steady state and Unsteady State. 13. Write any two limitations of First law of Thermodynamics 14. Define Constant Pressure Process? 15. A heat Engine operates between a heat source at 700 K and a heat sink at 300K.What is the maximum efficiency of the engine? 16. Define Isochoric process? 17. Calculate the entropy of evaporation of dry saturated steam at 500 Kpa.Data latent heat of Vaporization HV =2106 KJ/Kg.Saturation temperature of steam =425K. 18. Define Isobaric process? 19. Define Isothermal Proces 20. what is the change in entropy when 1 Kmole of an Ideal gas at 335 K and 10 bar is expanded irreversibly to 300 K and 1 bar =29.3 KJ/Kmole. 21. State Clausius Inequality. 22. Define Polytopic Proces 23. An engine using hot spring water at 330 K as the heat source receives 420KJ and is said to reject 335 KJ to melting ice at 273K.Comment on the engine efficiency. 24. Define Adiabatic Process 25. A new engine is claimed to be having a power output of 4.5 hp while receiving a heat input of 6.25 KW and working between the source and sink temperature limits of 1000 K and 500 K .Determine the efficiency of the proposed engine 26. Define Efficiency of an Engine? 27. .Draw the PV diagram of a Carnot Engine? 28. Distinguish between Reversible engine and Irreversible Engine 29. Define Thermodynamic Temperature Scale? 30. Define Constant Volume Process? 31. Hydrocarbon Oil is to be cooled from 425K to 340K at a rate of 5000Kg/h in a parallel flow heat exchanger cooling water at a rate of 10,000 Kg/hr at 295K is available.The mean specific heats of the oil and water are respectively 2.5 KJ/KgK and 4.2 KJ/KgK. (a) Determine the change in total change in entropy? 32. A heat Engine operates between a heat source at 950 K and a heat sink at 4000K.What is the maximum efficiency of the engine? 37. Determine the Change in Entropy, when 10 Kmole of an Ideal gas at 400 K and 10 bar expands through a throttle to a pressure of 5 bar. Both pressures being maintained constant during the process by suitable means 41. Define air standard Cycles? 42. Define Internal Combustion Engine? 43. What do you mean by Otto Cycle? 44. What do you mean by Diesel Cycle?

45. What do you mean by Dual Cycle? 46. Draw PV and TS diagram of Otto Cycle? 47. Draw PV and TS diagram of Diesel Cycle? 48. Draw PV and TS diagram of Dual Cycle? 49. Difference between Otto and Diesel Cycle? 50. Difference between Dual and Otto Cycle? 51. Draw the PV diagram for water 52. Draw the PT diagram for water 53. Draw the HS diagram for water 54. Draw the TS diagram for water PART-B 1. An Ideal gas undergoing a series of three operartions. The gas is heated at constant volume from 300 K and 1 bar to a pressure of 2 bar.It is expanded reversible adiabatic process to a pressure of 1 bar to 300 K. Determine the heat and work effects for each step .Assume =29.3 KJ/Kg K. 2. Derive the expression for entropy change for process involving Ideal gas 3. The compression ratio in an air-standard cycle is 12.The temperature and pressures at the beginning of the compression stroke are 300K and 110 Kpa. Heat transferred per cycle is 450 KJ/Kg of air. The Specific heat of air are =1.005 KJ/Kg K and CV =0.718 KJ/Kg K. Determine the following (a).The Pressure and Temperature of air at the end of each Process. (b).The Thermal Efficiency. (c).The Work Done by Kg of air. 4. Derive the expression for Clausius Inequality. 5. Explain the Principle and working of carnot engine? 6. Explain Air-Standard Cycles. 7. Derive the thermal efficiency of a Otto cycle? 8. Derive the thermal efficiency of a Diesel cycle? 9. Derive the thermal efficiency of a Dual cycle? 10. A Diesel engine operates with a compression ratio of 15.The pressure and temperature at the beginning of the compression stroke are 100 kPa and 300 K.Heat is transferred at the rate of 500 KJ/Kg of the working fluid per cycle. Determine: (a) The pressure and temperature at each stage of the cycle. (b) The work done per Kg air. (c) The thermal efficiency. 11. The Compression ratio in an air standard Otto cycle is 8.The temperature and pressure at the beginning of the compression stroke are 290K and 100 Kpa.Heat transferred per cycle is 450 KJ/Kg of air. The specific heat of air are =1.005 KJ/Kg K and CV= 0718 KJ/Kg K. Determine the following. (a) The pressure and temperature at each stage of the cycle. (b) The work done per Kg air. (c) The thermal efficiency MODULE III – STEAM PROPERTIES AND BOILERS PART A 1. What is mean by saturation? 2. What is meant by Triple Point?

3. Define Sublimation? 4. What is mean by Critical Point? 5. What is mean by Dryness Fraction? 6. Define Boiling Point? 7. Define Latent Heat? 8. Define Sensible Heat? 9. What do you mean by Saturation temperature? 10. What is mean by Ideal Gas? 11. Define Superheated Steam? 12. Define Freezing Point? 13. What is called specific volume 14. What is called a steam table 15. What is the usage of steam table 16. What are the advantages of superheated steam 17. What is the internal energy of steam 18. How dryness fraction is measure 19. what is a steam calorimeter 20. What are the types of steam calorimeter 21. What is barrel calorimeter 22. What is throttling calorimeter 23. What is separating calorimeter 24. What is combine separating and throttling calorimeter 25. What is a steam trap? 26. What are the uses of steam trap 27. What are the different types of steam trap/ 28. Write the uses of steam in food industries. 29. What is called total heat 30. Define a saturation line 31. What is constant volume line in mollier chat 32. What is constant pressure line 33. Where isothermal lines comes in mollier chart 34. What is dryness fraction line 35. What is a mollier chart 36. What are the uses of mollier chart 37. How steam is produced 38. What the thermal efficiency of the boiler 39. What is the effective evaporation of boiler? 40. What are the types of boilers? 41. How boiler can be classified. PART B 1. Draw and explain the PT diagram for pure substance 2. Draw and explain the TS diagram for pure substance 3. Draw and explain the HS diagram for pure substance 4. Write a short note on steam and its formation 5. Write a short note on important related to steam and its formation 6. Explain the temperature –total heat content graph for steam formation 7. Explain the different types of steam calorimeter 8. How will you measure the dryness fraction of steam

9. Explain throttling and separating calorimeter 10. Explain any two steam calorimeter 11. Explain any one method for the determination of dryness fraction. 12. Describe about steam traps and its advantages 13. Describe the different types of steam traps used. 14. Write a short on any two types of steam traps with its working and advantages. 15. Explain usage of steam in food industries. 16. Describe mollier chart with simple diagram. 17. Define the following : dry steam, wet steam, superheated steam, temperature –total heat graph 18. Define the following : critical point, critical temperature and pressure, liquid heat 19. Define: sensible heat, latent heat of vaporization, heat of superheat, enthalpy 20. Define : dryness fraction, wet steam, dry saturated steam 21. Write the enthalpies for wet steam, dry saturated steam and superheated steam. 22. Write about the specific volume of wet steam and dry steam 23. Explain the steps in the formation of steam with a simple piston and cylinder arrangement 24. Explain the formation of steam using temperature and total heat graph. 25. Define : isothermal lines, constant pressure line, constant volume lines in mollier chart 26. Define: saturation line, wet steam region, superheated steam region in mollier chart. 27. Explain any one steam calorimeter with its working and neat sketch. 28. Write a short note on various steam traps.