Anatomy And Morphology Of The Tooth.ppt 3v4b3y
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ىذا الملف ما ىً إال اجتياد منٍ بتجمُع عدة مداطرات من اك حر من مًقع وترتُبيا بيذا الشكل. بالنسبة للترتُب فيً اعتماد علٌ تصًَر الخد الزمالء ,بارك هللا فُو ,اجناء متابعتو لشرح الدك تًر قصٍ بالمداطرة. بعض الشرائح عبارة عن صًر لعدم استطاعتٍ تدمُل المًاد من المًاقع بسبب خقًق الملكُة. من اراد اإلطالع وتدمُل الملفات التٍ اعتمدت علُيا فٍ تجمُع ىذا الملف الدخًل علٌ ىذه الروابط: ?http://www.4shared.com/file/Et2dmfM_/2_online.html ?http://www.4shared.com/office/B4Xz4PRk/Tooth_eruption.html
باإلطافة إلٌ ملف مداطرة Anatomy and morphologyبالمستًى الحالث اخًكم فيد (ابً َزن)
Types of Dentition 1. Deciduous (baby) teeth a. Twenty ( 20) primary teeth. b. Arches - maxillary and mandibular. c. Quadrants - each arch divided in half. (1) Maxillary right and left. (2) Mandibular right and left. Enamel is thinner, pulp is thicker
Deciduous Teeth d. Teeth in each quadrant. (1) Central incisor (2) Lateral incisor (3) Cuspid (4) 1st molar (5) 2nd molar
Types of Dentition 2. Permanent teeth. a. Thirty-two (32) permanent teeth. b. Arches - maxillary & mandibular.
R
L
Permanent Teeth c. Quadrants. (1) Maxillary right and left. (2) Mandibular right and left. R
L
Permanent Teeth d.
Teeth in each quadrant. (1) Central incisor. (2) Lateral incisor. (3) Cuspid (canine).
Permanent Teeth (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
1st bicuspid 2nd bicuspid 1st molar 2nd molar 3rd molar (wisdom tooth)
Tooth Identification Systems
Numbering or Coding Systems
1.Palmer Notation System
2.Universal System 3.International FDI System (two digit system)
1-Palmer Notation System for Permanent Teeth
Right
Left
8-1
4 5
1 1 2 3 3 2
1-8
4
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
8
7 6
8-1 1 2
3
5 4
1-8
It represents the four quadrants of the dentition
as if you are facing the patient. In upper right
In upper left
In lower right
In lower left
Horizontal and vertical lines = symbol for the quadrant
The permanent teeth are numbered from 1-8 on each side from the midline.
Upper right
Upper left
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8
Lower right
Lower left
Palmer Notation System for Primary Teeth E-A
A
B C D
A-E
E
E-A
A-E
The deciduous teeth are lettered from A-E on each side from the midline Upper right
Upper left
E
D
C
B
A
A
B
C
D
E
E
D
C
B
A
A
B
C
D
E
Lower right
Lower left
Palmer Notation System
2-The International Numbering System “FDI” Federation Dentaire International
(the two digit system) The teeth are designated by using two-digits: a. The first digit of the code is located at the left side of the number and indicates the quadrant: In permanent dentition
In deciduous dentition
U.R. 1
2
U.L.
U.R.
5
6
L.R. 4
3
L. L.
L.R.
8
7
U.L L.L.
2-International For permanent Teeth System 11 21 22 12 13 23 (Two Digit System) 14 24 15 25 “FDI” 16 Federation Dentaire International
First Digit = quadrant
1 2 4 3
17 18 48
26 27 28
38 37
47 36 46 35 45 44 34 43 42 41 31 3233
Second Digit = Tooth number in the quadrant b- The second digit is located at the right side of the number and indicates the number of the tooth in the quadrant. The two digits should be pronounced separately.
Permanent teeth 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
2-International System (Two Digit System) “FDI” Federation Dentaire First Digit = quadrant International
For Primary Teeth 52
8
62
53
63
54
64
55
First Digit = quadrant 5
51 61
6
85
7
84
5
6
8
7
65
75
74
83
82 81 71 72
73
For Primary Teeth
5
6
First Digit = quadrant
8
7
Second Digit = Tooth number in the quadrant
Primary Teeth 55 54 53 52 51
61 62 63 64 65
85 84 83 82 81
71 72 73 74 75
Universal system for Permanent Teeth
Universal System for Primary Teeth
Mixed Dentition: Presence of both dentitions
Figure from Ten Cate’s Oral Histology, Ed., Antonio Nanci, 6th edition
that during all these 3 stages is the progression that happens from primary to permanent dentition which involves the shedding (exfoliation) of primary teeth Dentition: Diphodont: two sets of dentition in humans Primary vs Secondary dentition Deciduous vs Permanent dentition Mixed dentition: presence of two dentition
Teeth in primary dentition are smaller and fewer in number than permanent dentition to conform to the smaller jaw size Primary dentition: ~ 2 to 6 years of age Mixed dentition: ~ 6 to 12 years Permanent dentition: > 12 years
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
The rate of tooth eruption depends on the phase of movement
Intraosseous phase: 1 to 10 µm/day Extraosseous phase: 75 μm/day Environmental factors affecting the final position of the tooth: Muscular forces Thumb-sucking
Clinical crown: During eruption, the exposed crown extending from the cusp tip to the area of the gingival attachment Anatomic crown: Entire crown, extending from cusp tip to the cementoenamel (CE) junction
Sequence and chronology of tooth eruption
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
The six/four rule for primary tooth emergence Four teeth emerge for each 6 months of age 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6 months: 4 teeth (lower centrals & upper centrals) 12 months: 8 teeth (1. + upper laterals & lower laterals) 18 months: 12 teeth (2. + upper 1st molars & loer 1st molars) 24 months: 16 teeth (3. + upper canines & lower canines) 30 months: 20 teeth (4. + lower 2nd molars & upper 2nd molars)
Summary 1. 2. 3. 4.
By 5 months in utero, all crowns started calcification By 1 year old, all crowns completed formation By 2.5 years, all primary teeth erupted By 4 years old, all primary teeth completed root formation
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
Chronology of Human Permanent Dentition
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
The rules of “Fours” for permanent tooth development (3rd molars not included) At birth, four 1st molars have initiated calcification At 4 years of age, all crowns have initiated calcification At 8 years, all crowns are completed At 12 years, all crowns emerge At 16 years, all roots are complete
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
Rules of “sixes” in dental development
6 weeks old in utero: beginning of dental development 6 months old: emergence of the first primary tooth 6 years old: emergence of first permanent tooth
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
Problems of Primary Tooth Eruption Natal and Neonatal Teeth
Submerged primary teeth
Hyper or supra eruption
Ankylosis
Source: Color atlas of clinical oral pathology. Neville, Damm and White. 2nd edition
Congenitally Missing Teeth
Cleidocranial Dysplasia
Osteopetrosis – Defect in Osteoclasts
باإلطافة إلٌ ملف مداطرة Anatomy and morphologyبالمستًى الحالث اخًكم فيد (ابً َزن)
Types of Dentition 1. Deciduous (baby) teeth a. Twenty ( 20) primary teeth. b. Arches - maxillary and mandibular. c. Quadrants - each arch divided in half. (1) Maxillary right and left. (2) Mandibular right and left. Enamel is thinner, pulp is thicker
Deciduous Teeth d. Teeth in each quadrant. (1) Central incisor (2) Lateral incisor (3) Cuspid (4) 1st molar (5) 2nd molar
Types of Dentition 2. Permanent teeth. a. Thirty-two (32) permanent teeth. b. Arches - maxillary & mandibular.
R
L
Permanent Teeth c. Quadrants. (1) Maxillary right and left. (2) Mandibular right and left. R
L
Permanent Teeth d.
Teeth in each quadrant. (1) Central incisor. (2) Lateral incisor. (3) Cuspid (canine).
Permanent Teeth (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
1st bicuspid 2nd bicuspid 1st molar 2nd molar 3rd molar (wisdom tooth)
Tooth Identification Systems
Numbering or Coding Systems
1.Palmer Notation System
2.Universal System 3.International FDI System (two digit system)
1-Palmer Notation System for Permanent Teeth
Right
Left
8-1
4 5
1 1 2 3 3 2
1-8
4
5
6
6
7
7
8
8
8
7 6
8-1 1 2
3
5 4
1-8
It represents the four quadrants of the dentition
as if you are facing the patient. In upper right
In upper left
In lower right
In lower left
Horizontal and vertical lines = symbol for the quadrant
The permanent teeth are numbered from 1-8 on each side from the midline.
Upper right
Upper left
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8
Lower right
Lower left
Palmer Notation System for Primary Teeth E-A
A
B C D
A-E
E
E-A
A-E
The deciduous teeth are lettered from A-E on each side from the midline Upper right
Upper left
E
D
C
B
A
A
B
C
D
E
E
D
C
B
A
A
B
C
D
E
Lower right
Lower left
Palmer Notation System
2-The International Numbering System “FDI” Federation Dentaire International
(the two digit system) The teeth are designated by using two-digits: a. The first digit of the code is located at the left side of the number and indicates the quadrant: In permanent dentition
In deciduous dentition
U.R. 1
2
U.L.
U.R.
5
6
L.R. 4
3
L. L.
L.R.
8
7
U.L L.L.
2-International For permanent Teeth System 11 21 22 12 13 23 (Two Digit System) 14 24 15 25 “FDI” 16 Federation Dentaire International
First Digit = quadrant
1 2 4 3
17 18 48
26 27 28
38 37
47 36 46 35 45 44 34 43 42 41 31 3233
Second Digit = Tooth number in the quadrant b- The second digit is located at the right side of the number and indicates the number of the tooth in the quadrant. The two digits should be pronounced separately.
Permanent teeth 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38
2-International System (Two Digit System) “FDI” Federation Dentaire First Digit = quadrant International
For Primary Teeth 52
8
62
53
63
54
64
55
First Digit = quadrant 5
51 61
6
85
7
84
5
6
8
7
65
75
74
83
82 81 71 72
73
For Primary Teeth
5
6
First Digit = quadrant
8
7
Second Digit = Tooth number in the quadrant
Primary Teeth 55 54 53 52 51
61 62 63 64 65
85 84 83 82 81
71 72 73 74 75
Universal system for Permanent Teeth
Universal System for Primary Teeth
Mixed Dentition: Presence of both dentitions
Figure from Ten Cate’s Oral Histology, Ed., Antonio Nanci, 6th edition
that during all these 3 stages is the progression that happens from primary to permanent dentition which involves the shedding (exfoliation) of primary teeth Dentition: Diphodont: two sets of dentition in humans Primary vs Secondary dentition Deciduous vs Permanent dentition Mixed dentition: presence of two dentition
Teeth in primary dentition are smaller and fewer in number than permanent dentition to conform to the smaller jaw size Primary dentition: ~ 2 to 6 years of age Mixed dentition: ~ 6 to 12 years Permanent dentition: > 12 years
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
The rate of tooth eruption depends on the phase of movement
Intraosseous phase: 1 to 10 µm/day Extraosseous phase: 75 μm/day Environmental factors affecting the final position of the tooth: Muscular forces Thumb-sucking
Clinical crown: During eruption, the exposed crown extending from the cusp tip to the area of the gingival attachment Anatomic crown: Entire crown, extending from cusp tip to the cementoenamel (CE) junction
Sequence and chronology of tooth eruption
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
The six/four rule for primary tooth emergence Four teeth emerge for each 6 months of age 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6 months: 4 teeth (lower centrals & upper centrals) 12 months: 8 teeth (1. + upper laterals & lower laterals) 18 months: 12 teeth (2. + upper 1st molars & loer 1st molars) 24 months: 16 teeth (3. + upper canines & lower canines) 30 months: 20 teeth (4. + lower 2nd molars & upper 2nd molars)
Summary 1. 2. 3. 4.
By 5 months in utero, all crowns started calcification By 1 year old, all crowns completed formation By 2.5 years, all primary teeth erupted By 4 years old, all primary teeth completed root formation
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
Chronology of Human Permanent Dentition
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
The rules of “Fours” for permanent tooth development (3rd molars not included) At birth, four 1st molars have initiated calcification At 4 years of age, all crowns have initiated calcification At 8 years, all crowns are completed At 12 years, all crowns emerge At 16 years, all roots are complete
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
Rules of “sixes” in dental development
6 weeks old in utero: beginning of dental development 6 months old: emergence of the first primary tooth 6 years old: emergence of first permanent tooth
Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf
Problems of Primary Tooth Eruption Natal and Neonatal Teeth
Submerged primary teeth
Hyper or supra eruption
Ankylosis
Source: Color atlas of clinical oral pathology. Neville, Damm and White. 2nd edition
Congenitally Missing Teeth
Cleidocranial Dysplasia
Osteopetrosis – Defect in Osteoclasts
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